C. Increasing the participation of women in peacekeeping, peace-building, pre- and post-conflict decision-making, conflict prevention, post-conflict resolution and reconstruction Actions to be taken by Governments and international and regional intergovernmental institutions: · Increase, including through measures of affirmative action, women’s participation and leadership in decision-making and in preventing conflict; · Mainstream a gender perspective into peace-promoting activities at all levels as well as humanitarian and peace-building policies, including through gender analysis and the encouragement of the participation of more female personnel at all levels, in particular at senior or high levels in field missions, and monitor and review such policies as appropriate, on the basis of equitable geographical distribution where applicable; · Recognize and support women’s non-governmental organizations, particularly at the grass-roots level, in respect of their preventing conflict, including early warning and peace-building; · Take note of the Kampala Action Plan on Women and Peace,28 as well as the post-Beijing follow-up Kigali Declaration on Peace, Gender and Development,29 and A Plan of Action for Conflict-affected Areas,30 and if appropriate, convene conferences to assess progress and promote implementation; · Regional research and training institutes should carry out research on the role of women in conflict resolution and identify and analyse policies and action programmes; · Create mechanisms to encourage more women candidates with the appropriate qualifications to apply for judicial, prosecutorial and other positions in all relevant international bodies, in order to achieve gender balance on the basis of equitable geographical distribution; · Nominate and appoint more women as special representatives in conflict resolution, taking due consideration of the principle of equitable geographical distribution; · Enhance the role of women in bilateral preventive diplomacy efforts as well as those undertaken by the United Nations in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations; · Ensure that the participants in humanitarian missions and in peacekeeping operations, both military and civilian, are given specific gender-sensitive training; 28 Document E/ECA/ATRCW/ARCC.XV/94/7, April 1994. 29 A/52/720, annex, sect. 4. 30 Ibid., sect. 3. -18-