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The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment 2012, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- To date, the death penalty has been treated under the provisions concerning the right to life, and therein as an exception provided for by international law. A new approach is needed as there is evidence of an evolving standard within international bodies and a robust State practice to frame the debate about the legality of the death penalty within the context of the fundamental concepts of human dignity and the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. This evolving standard, along with the resulting illegality of the death penalty under such prohibition, is developing into a norm of customary law, if it has not already done so.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment 2012, para. 80b
- Paragraph text
- [Whether or not a customary norm prohibiting the death penalty has crystallized, the Special Rapporteur calls upon all retentionist States to observe rigorously the restrictions and conditions imposed by article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and article 1 or article 16 of the Convention against Torture. The Special Rapporteur calls upon retentionist States:] To ensure that the method of execution employed causes the least possible physical and mental suffering and that it does not violate the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; establish that there are no more humane alternatives available; and justify the use of a particular method of execution. The Special Rapporteur reiterates that the burden of proof is on the State;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment 2012, para. 80d
- Paragraph text
- [Whether or not a customary norm prohibiting the death penalty has crystallized, the Special Rapporteur calls upon all retentionist States to observe rigorously the restrictions and conditions imposed by article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and article 1 or article 16 of the Convention against Torture. The Special Rapporteur calls upon retentionist States:] To improve conditions on death row in accordance with international standards, such as the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners and the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment; all persons deprived of their liberty must be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person, as protected by article 10, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Role of forensic and medical sciences in the investigation prevention torture and other ill-treatment 2014, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- States have an obligation to put in place and apply an effective process of evidence collection that accords with the Istanbul Protocol to comply with their obligation to investigate allegations of torture and other ill-treatment. The Special Rapporteur notes that adequate, extensive forensic evaluation in accordance with the Istanbul Protocol, and the effective training of health, legal and other professionals involved in documenting and investigations of torture and other ill-treatment, will positively impact the detection and prevention of torture. Properly supported cases with good quality forensic reports are revolutionizing the investigation of torture and improving outcomes. Good reports include analysis and interpretation of findings in terms of consistency with alleged events. They make clear that the absence of outward signs does not exclude the events from having happened.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Role of forensic and medical sciences in the investigation prevention torture and other ill-treatment 2014, para. 68b
- Paragraph text
- [Recommendations regarding the effective investigation of allegations of torture or other ill-treatment:] Ensure that all forensic evaluations, including compulsory medical examinations in pretrial detention and the penitentiary system, are independent of law enforcement, prosecution and/or military authority; funding and supervision of such health professionals should be separate from the criminal justice system, and health professionals should have sufficient security of status and employment to ensure independence; and forensic medical services should be under the highest judicial or health services authority, not under the same governmental authority as the police and the penitentiary system;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The scope and objective of the exclusionary rule in judicial proceedings and in relation to acts by executive actors 2014, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The exclusionary rule covers the exclusion of statements obtained through torture or other ill-treatment of the defendant himself, or of a third party, and evidence obtained in a third State, even if the State seeking to rely on the information had no previous involvement in or connection to the acts of torture or other ill-treatment. Similarly, documentary or other evidence obtained as a result of acts of torture or other ill-treatment must be excluded, irrespective of whether such evidence has been corroborated or is not the only decisive evidence in the case.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 7b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur calls upon all States to:] Ensure full access to palliative care and overcome current regulatory, educational and attitudinal obstacles that restrict availability to essential palliative care medications, especially oral morphine. States should devise and implement policies that promote widespread understanding about the therapeutic usefulness of controlled substances and their rational use;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Role of forensic and medical sciences in the investigation prevention torture and other ill-treatment 2014, para. 68a
- Paragraph text
- [Recommendations regarding the effective investigation of allegations of torture or other ill-treatment:] Ensure that all suspicions and allegations of torture and other ill-treatment are investigated and documented in a prompt (within 24 hours), independent and transparent manner by qualified governmental and non governmental experts; that they are conducted with victim participation at all phases of the investigation, including access to such investigations;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The scope and objective of the exclusionary rule in judicial proceedings and in relation to acts by executive actors 2014, para. 83e
- Paragraph text
- [Regarding the use by executive actors of information tainted by torture, all States should:] Interpret the standards outlined by the exclusionary rule in light of the objective of the rule to prevent and discourage torture and other ill-treatment and apply it by way of analogy to the collection, sharing and receiving of information obtained by torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, even if not used in "proceedings" as narrowly defined;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment from an extraterritorial perspective 2015, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- The exclusionary rule - mandating that States not invoke as evidence in any proceedings statements obtained as a result of torture - is not territorially limited, encompasses all forms of ill-treatment and is applicable no matter where the mistreatment was perpetrated. The Special Rapporteur calls upon States to ascertain whether statements admitted as evidence in any proceedings for which they have jurisdiction, including extradition proceedings, were made as a result of torture or other ill-treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- With regard to trafficking, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to ensure that appropriate frameworks are in place for the identification, investigation and prosecution of trafficking-related human rights violations; duly investigate, prosecute and punish public officials for their role in trafficking operations; establish a combination of comprehensive gender- and age-sensitive measures to protect, support and rehabilitate victims; and avoid detention of victims for status-related offences and for "protective" purposes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Therefore, the first priority of the Special Rapporteur will be to unequivocally reaffirm the absolute and universal prohibition of all, and any, forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, to further clarify the contours and meaning of these terms in the light of the evolving challenges marking the contemporary international environment, and to call on States and non-State actors alike to renounce, and to prevent impunity for, any such practice.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Role of forensic and medical sciences in the investigation prevention torture and other ill-treatment 2014, para. 69d
- Paragraph text
- [Recommendations regarding safeguard for effective medical evaluations of alleged torture and other ill-treatment in detention:] Establish an individual's right to be evaluated by non-governmental medical experts of his or her choosing anytime during and after being in custody, including in places of detention that require security clearance;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Solitary confinement must never be imposed or allowed to continue except where there is an affirmative determination that it will not result in severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, giving rise to acts as defined in article 1 or article 16 of the Convention against Torture.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Throughout the period of detention, the physical conditions and prison regime of the solitary confinement, and in particular the duration of confinement, must be proportional to the severity of the criminal or disciplinary infraction for which solitary confinement is imposed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment 2012, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur finds that even if the emergence of a customary norm that considers the death penalty as per se running afoul of the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment is still under way, most conditions under which capital punishment is actually applied renders the punishment tantamount to torture. Under many other, less severe conditions, it still amounts to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Depending on the specific reason for its application, conditions, length, effects and other circumstances, solitary confinement can amount to a breach of article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and to an act defined in article 1 or article 16 of the Convention against Torture. In addition, the use of solitary confinement increases the risk that acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment will go undetected and unchallenged.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- In carrying out his mandate, the Special Rapporteur will always endeavour to engage in an open, respectful and constructive dialogue with States and other international, regional and non-governmental stakeholders, and aim to gain mutual trust and consolidated understanding of all relevant perspectives, concerns and challenges before drawing any conclusions or trying to identify the most suitable manner of action.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur calls upon States to spearhead the development of a universal protocol aiming to ensure that no person is subjected to torture, ill treatment or coercion, including any forms of violence, duress or threat. A protocol, to be developed in collaboration with relevant international and regional human rights mechanisms, civil society and experts, must be grounded in fundamental principles of international human rights law and foremost in the absolute prohibition of torture and ill-treatment. The first step in this process ought to be the convening of a broad public consultation designed to set the parameters for the collaborative development of the protocol by the relevant stakeholders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Indefinite solitary confinement should be abolished.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- The physical conditions and prison regime of solitary confinement must be imposed only as a last resort where less restrictive measures could not achieve the intended disciplinary goals.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- There should be a documented system of regular monitoring and review of the inmate's physical and mental condition by qualified medical personnel, both at the initiation of solitary confinement and on a daily basis throughout the period in which the detained person remains in solitary confinement, as required by rule 32, paragraph 3, of the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. Medical personnel monitoring detained persons should have specialized training in psychological assessment and/or the support of specialists in psychology. Additionally, medical personnel must be independent and accountable to an authority outside of the prison administration. Preferably, they should belong to the general national health structure. Any deterioration of the inmate's mental or physical condition should trigger a presumption that the conditions of confinement are excessive and activate an immediate review.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 6d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur calls upon all States to:] Provide appropriate human rights education and information to health-care personnel on the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment and the existence, extent, severity and consequences of various situations amounting to torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and promote a culture of respect for human integrity and dignity, respect for diversity and the elimination of attitudes of pathologizaton and homophobia. Train doctors, judges, prosecutors and police on the standards regarding free and informed consent;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The scope and objective of the exclusionary rule in judicial proceedings and in relation to acts by executive actors 2014, para. 82f
- Paragraph text
- [Regarding the use of information tainted by torture in any proceedings, all States should:] Clarify the procedural rules on admissibility, including the burden of proof applied by courts, by ensuring that the burden of proof is shifted to the State when the appellant advances a plausible reason as to why evidence may have been procured by torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and that the court enquires as to whether there is a real risk that the evidence has been obtained by torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and if there is, that the evidence is not admitted;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Role of forensic and medical sciences in the investigation prevention torture and other ill-treatment 2014, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that the evaluation of medical and psychological documentary evidence and expert opinions, including psychiatric and psychological evidence, must move towards a more systematic approach. The role of psychiatric and psychological expertise, in identification and verification of allegations, must be strengthened. The CPT and the Istanbul Protocol standards serve as a standard for evaluation of medical evidence, as a reference tool for experts delivering expert opinions, as a benchmark for assessing the effectiveness of the domestic fact-finding and as a means of redress for victims. These or similar standards must be implemented in domestic frameworks for torture investigation. Courts must accept and evaluate independently collected evidence on their merits.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The scope and objective of the exclusionary rule in judicial proceedings and in relation to acts by executive actors 2014, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The collection, sharing and receiving of information from States where there is a real risk of torture or other ill-treatment suffice to demonstrate State responsibility through complicity. States have to assess the situation and the possible real risk of acts of torture or other ill-treatment and must refrain from "automatic reliance" on information from the intelligence services of other countries, which is incompatible with the object and purpose of the absolute prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment and the obligation to prevent and discourage torture and other ill-treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Working methods, thematic priorities and vision for a meaningful anti-torture advocacy 2017, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, the Special Rapporteur cannot ignore that, despite more than three decades of dedicated work of the mandate and countless other international, governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment are still rampant in most, if not all, parts of the world. In particular, the Special Rapporteur observes with alarm that, since the turn of the century, the rise of transnational terrorism, organized crime and other actual or perceived threats has given way to an increasing tolerance for violent political narratives and popular beliefs that not only trivialize torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment but even promote and incite their use in the name of national security and the fight against terrorism.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 65c
- Paragraph text
- [In particular, as far as the extra-custodial use of force is concerned, States should ensure that their laws and regulations, including rules of engagement and similar instruments guiding and constraining the use of force in operational practice:] Require that any other extra-custodial use of force by State agents: (i) pursue a lawful purpose; (ii) be strictly necessary for the achievement of that purpose; (iii) cause no harm that would be disproportionate to the benefit of achieving that purpose and (iv) be planned, prepared and conducted so as to minimize, to the greatest extent possible, the causation of harm.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment 2012, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with article 3 of the Convention against Torture and further customary law, the Special Rapporteur calls upon all States not to expel, return or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that there is a danger of the person being sentenced to death and subsequently subjected to detention on death row, severe mental or physical suffering or executed in a manner inconsistent with the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe
The scope and objective of the exclusionary rule in judicial proceedings and in relation to acts by executive actors 2014, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Information tainted by torture, even when not intended to be used in court proceedings, must therefore be treated in the same way that a court would treat evidence obtained by torture or other ill-treatment. The Special Rapporteur reiterates that every use of such information is an encouragement of torture or ill-treatment after the fact and therefore establishes complicity in such acts and a failure to prevent the next round of torture or other ill-treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
- Type de paragraphe
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraphe