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Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Prior to that, principle 22 in the second pillar states that where businesses identify that they have caused or contributed to adverse human rights impacts, they should provide for or cooperate in their remediation through legitimate processes. Where businesses have not caused or contributed to harm but it is directly linked to their operations, products or services by a business relationship, they are encouraged to take a role in providing remediation. In terms of operational principles under the third pillar, the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, call on companies to establish or to participate in effective operational-level grievance mechanisms for those adversely impacted by them, so that grievances can be addressed early and remediated directly (principle 29). Such mechanisms are typically administered by enterprises, alone or in collaboration with other relevant stakeholders. They can be important complements to wider stakeholder engagement and collective bargaining processes, but cannot substitute for either, and can also make it possible to prevent harm from compounding or escalating. To ensure their effectiveness, the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights state that the operational-level grievance mechanisms should be legitimate, accessible, predictable, equitable, transparent, rights-compatible, a source of continuous learning, and based on engagement and dialogue (principle 31). There are already some good practice examples of operational-level grievance mechanisms.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Despite the various measures taken to eradicate the worst forms of child labour from the carpet industry, these forms were reported to continue to exist in handmade carpet production units in South Asia, in which carpets are produced for export mainly to the United States of America. Various studies have reported the existence of contemporary forms of slavery and labour exploitation in the construction industry and forced labour in the manufacturing of electronic goods has also been the subject of recent research.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The line between domestic work, albeit accompanied by serious violations of fair labour standards, and domestic servitude and slavery is difficult to draw. In practice, there is a wide spectrum ranging from domestic workers engaged in labour relationships that follow applicable labour and human rights standards to victims of domestic servitude and slavery. Owing to the criminal and hence clandestine nature of servitude and slavery, it is impossible to determine what percentage of domestic workers are actually victims thereof.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Relevant economic factors include advance or deferred payment designed to increase dependency, payment that keeps workers below the poverty level, payment in kind only or prohibitions to freely change employers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- During her tenure, the Special Rapporteur will continue to address the different forms of contemporary slavery, including subtler forms of slavery that deserve specific attention, such as bonded labour, domestic servitude, early and forced marriage, child slave work, servile marriages and caste-based forms of slavery, which affect the lives of many and are not confined to developing and poor countries. She will also continue to work on the remaining challenges to the eradication of contemporary forms of slavery, as highlighted by her predecessor in her report to the Human Rights Council at its twenty-fourth session (A/HRC/24/43).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The mandate also requires a multi-faceted approach combining law and policy frameworks which provide for prevention, protection, prosecution and redress at the national and international levels, with consumer and civil society advocacy, rejecting goods produced through forced labour or other forms of slave labour and generating consumer awareness. It also requires that business practices be congruent with human rights, ethical and environmentally sound sustainable development, and durable peace and security for all. It requires a concerted global initiative to eradicate poverty and enforce the basic principles of justice, dignity and human rights for all. At the most basic level, it requires resources, mechanisms and processes for the effective implementation of recommendations made pursuant to fact-finding missions and consultations conducted as part of the mandate.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Although more research into the scope and prevalence of contemporary forms of slavery is required, various small-scale studies (for example, on the garment, conflict mineral, seafood, sporting goods, handmade carpet and tea industries) show that products from the informal sector enter global supply chains and are also part of domestic economies in the developing world, often in the most labour-intensive sectors. Human rights violations in the sourcing of conflict minerals, for example, have received much attention, but more research is required to identify the scope and prevalence of contemporary forms of slavery in supply chains of specific commodities and particular sectors. The sectors mentioned in the present report are therefore not meant to be a comprehensive list, but an indication of where contemporary forms of slavery have been reported to occur.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Another key area of focus of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, is child and forced marriage. The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery obligates Member States to take all "practicable and necessary legislative and other measures to bring about progressively and as soon as possible the complete abolition or abandonment" of, inter alia, any institution or practice which amounts to forced marriage, such as when a woman, without the right to refuse, is promised or given in marriage on payment to her parents, guardians, family or another person or group; when a husband, his family or his clan transfers his wife to another person for value received or for any other reason; or the inheriting by another person of a woman on the death of her husband (see art. 1). Early and forced marriage can, under certain circumstances, constitute servile marriage or result in domestic servitude or other forms of slavery. The previous mandate holder drew links between child marriage and slavery, and pointed out that Member States were obliged to prohibit and eliminate slavery as a non-derogable and fundamental principle of international law. Child marriage is linked to the thematic issues of trafficking for forced labour, commercial sexual exploitation, migration and contemporary forms of slavery, which reinforces the need for cooperation among the respective mandate holders as part of a comprehensive multi-agency and multi-stakeholder effort to eradicate those practices from society, as women and girls in child and forced marriages may experience conditions within the marriage that meet "international legal definitions of slavery and slavery-like practices", including forced labour. Furthermore, "a potentially high proportion of child marriage cases appear to constitute the worst forms of child labour under the 1999 ILO Convention No. 182."
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- In order to meet their responsibility to respect human rights, businesses need to, as per principle 16, adopt human rights policy statements, the criteria for which are set out in this principle. The responsibility to respect also requires ongoing human rights due diligence to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for human rights impacts (principles 17-21). The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights also state that, where businesses identify that they have caused or contributed to adverse human rights impacts, they should have processes in place to enable remediation (principle 15).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In agriculture, contemporary forms of slavery have reportedly occurred in many countries, involving crops such as sugar cane, cut flowers, fruit and vegetables, tropical nuts and commodities, for example, palm oil, cotton, cocoa, tobacco and beef. Production in the sector often relies on temporary or migrant labour and is characterized by complex contracting and subcontracting chains, as well as smallholder farming in some cases. Much of the work on remote farms and plantations is typified by excessive working hours, lack of compliance with labour laws, weak or non-existent labour inspections and corruption. Competition to produce at the lowest cost enhances the risk of contemporary forms of slavery being involved in agriculture, especially debt bondage in impoverished rural communities and among vulnerable categories of workers, such as indigenous people, minorities, migrants, women and children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In 2014, the draft Business Supply Chain Transparency on Trafficking and Slavery Act of 2014 was introduced into the United States Congress. The Act, not yet adopted, contains, inter alia, reporting requirements for businesses relating to the disclosure of conditions amounting to forced labour, slavery, human trafficking and the worst forms of child labour in supply chains. At the time of writing the present report, a draft law on business human rights due diligence in supply chains was pending before the Senate in France, after having been adopted by the National Assembly in the first reading in March 2015.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- States have a duty under international human rights law to ensure the right to a remedy, including equal and effective access to justice and adequate, effective and prompt reparations for human rights violations. For victims of gross violations of international human rights law, such as slavery and slavery-like practices, full and effective reparation may take the following forms: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition. In the third pillar of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, clear guidance is set out on "access to remedy", delineating respective roles for both States and business.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Servile marriage 2012, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Described below are forms of servile marriage that women and girls experience.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Eradicating contemporary forms of slavery from supply chains 2015, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Certification has arisen as another key approach from increased consumer, trade union and other civil society awareness. The most well-known is the Fairtrade Mark, which can be found on a wide range of products - over 27,000 - and certifies that those products meet internationally agreed Fairtrade Standards, including those relating to child labour and labour rights. In another example, the GoodWeave certification label provides assurance that no child labour was used in the manufacture of rugs.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- [Normative action at the international level reflects has long been a reflection of the indolence of many States to provide effective protection against domestic servitude at the national level. The Special Rapporteur therefore welcomes the fact that the ILO finally resolved to adopt a convention on decent standards for domestic work and hopes that recommendations contained in this report will be reflected in the Convention. The Special Rapporteur recommends that:] The Human Rights Council and other appropriate inter-governmental forums should address domestic servitude through appropriate mechanisms. Universal periodic review recommendations should address domestic servitude and related shortcomings in the protection of domestic workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- In order to influence market forces and encourage ethical demand of minerals, initiatives such as the Fairtrade and Fairmined Standard for Gold from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining, including Associated Precious Metals have been started. This initiative is led by the Alliance for Responsible Mining and the world renown, Fairtrade Labelling Organisations International. This standard aims to promote, among other things, human rights, the elimination of children working in this sector, the formalization of artisanal and small-scale mining and traceability of the mineral produced. The standard is currently being used by artisanal and small-scale mining communities in Latin America and scoping studies are being done to check the feasibility of using the standard in Africa and Asia.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Servile marriage 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women contains specific provisions in relation to forced marriage (article 16 (1) (b)) and early marriage (article 16 (2)). Child marriages, which are unions that involve at least one partner below the minimum legal age of marriage, constitute a form of forced marriage as the child is not in a position to consent. Article 16 of the Convention specifies that the betrothal and the marriage of a child are to have no legal effect, and all necessary action, including legislation, is to be taken to specify a minimum age for marriage.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Governments should increase the means for enforcing the law by allocating sufficient resources for labour inspection services. The legislation should provide for regular inspections of mines and quarries, and special training and information on child slavery should be given to inspectors responsible for this sector. The Special Rapporteur encourages Governments to take inspiration from the experience of the Brazilian mobile inspection units that -with protection from the federal police - undertake inspections in remote areas. Where crimes are committed, there should be prompt, effective investigation and prosecution of those exploiting children. The criminal penalties should be commensurate with the crimes committed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Servile marriage 2012, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Under article 24 (3) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, States parties are required to take all effective and appropriate measures with a view to abolishing traditional practices prejudicial to the health of children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- [Children are particularly vulnerable to domestic servitude, especially if they live with their employers and/or migrate on their own to find domestic work:] States should help marginalized families whose children are at risk of domestic servitude (e.g. through conditional cash transfer programmes), while reinforcing efforts to provide viable alternatives for children on their own, including street children, abandoned children and orphans. States should expand efforts to work with teachers, religious leaders and community organizations to end child domestic labour.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- [Normative action at the international level reflects has long been a reflection of the indolence of many States to provide effective protection against domestic servitude at the national level. The Special Rapporteur therefore welcomes the fact that the ILO finally resolved to adopt a convention on decent standards for domestic work and hopes that recommendations contained in this report will be reflected in the Convention. The Special Rapporteur recommends that:] Treaty bodies should attribute particular attention to all forms of domestic servitude when considering state party reports.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Servile marriage 2012, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The sale of wives, a practice by which a woman is forced to marry several times so that her family acquires money or property, has been reported in Europe, Asia and Latin America (E/CN.4/2002/83, para. 59).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Another successful ILO example is the programme for the prevention and progressive elimination of child labour in small-scale traditional gold-mining in Latin America, which had regional, national and local components and was aimed at contributing to the elimination of child labour in small-scale mining in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Successful intervention elements identified included: the establishment or improvement of social services, such as education services for children and health services for all the population; improvement of the technology for mining exploitation and health conditions and job security; giving impetus for micro-enterprises for mothers/fathers of children that had been working in mining and creation of income-generating alternatives for women; creation and strengthening of grass-roots organizations, and giving impetus to a local development processes with the participation of various actors.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- A multistakeholder approach at all levels is required to combat child slavery in the mining and quarrying sector. States, under the leadership of a high-ranking Government official, should establish a multistakeholder team, with Government officials from different ministries dealing with child slavery, representatives from civil society organizations (CSOs) and experts who can develop, coordinate, deliver and monitor well-resourced plans to eradicate child slavery in this sector. Such a multistakeholder approach should focus on the following: the enactment and enforcement of legislation prohibiting children working in the mining and quarrying sector; the establishment of policies and programmes to implement the law; compulsory primary education; poverty reduction programmes that include social protection programmes and alternative employment opportunities; and measures to address the overall welfare of the child.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Servile marriage and domestic servitude are two forms of contemporary slavery that disproportionately affect women and girls. In a previous report, the Special Rapporteur defined servile marriage as an arrangement "in which a spouse is reduced to a commodity over whom any or all the powers of ownership are attached" (A/HRC/21/41, summary). Practices such as polygamy and "bride price", especially when coupled with the prevalence of domestic violence, are possible indicators of servile marriage. Women's bodies are directly tied to a family's honour in many cultures, and if a girl refuses to marry, "she can be subject to character assassination or kidnapping by the man or his family to force her into marriage or to rape her" (ibid., para. 71). There is little to no legal protection for women in these situations in many countries. Some countries have gone so far as to enact legislation that acquits perpetrators of rape if they marry their victim. If a woman enters into a servile marriage, she essentially becomes a slave to her husband and his family.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In Nepal, a debt bondage system, the labourers of which are known as Haliyas, can be found in the agricultural sector. Haliya means "one who ploughs". Ploughing land is considered to be dirty and unskilled work that only lower-class citizens should perform, making it the work of "untouchables" or Dalits. Haliyas are either paid very little for their work or paid only in small amounts of food. Debt quickly accrues as workers take out loans for personal expenses, while landowners take advantage of them by charging exorbitant interest rates. According to a Centre for Human Rights and Global Justice report, "such discrimination is intentionally designed to keep alive a system of debt bondage".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- A number of countries have also established specific protections for migrant workers, many of whom are extremely vulnerable to contemporary forms of slavery. In 2011, the Czech Republic made several legislative changes to improve protections for migrants and reduce their vulnerability to exploitation. The Act on Residence of Foreign Nationals was amended to require that employers cover the costs of repatriation when foreign nationals exit the country before the expiration of their work permit. Taiwanese law requires government oversight of the agencies through which migrant workers are recruited in order to ensure that they are not charged excessive service fees. In the United Arab Emirates, Ministerial Resolution No. 1186 of 2010 allows migrant workers to transfer from one employer to another after their contracts expire. In 2007, the Mexican National Migration Institute improved labour protections for migrant agricultural workers with the intent of regularizing and reducing abuses of migrant workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Legal loopholes that fail to cover certain categories of workers may also allow for their exploitation. This is the case in France and a number of other countries, where labour laws do not cover domestic workers (A/HRC/15/20, para. 74). In Guatemala, the law fails to provide special protections for agricultural workers and instead includes legislation that discriminates against them. It was not until 2011, for example, that the minimum wage for agricultural workers was set at the same level as that for workers in other sectors, while payments in kind, a remnant of peonage in Guatemala, are still permitted in the agricultural sector.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Even in countries in which authorities have the will and resources to combat contemporary slavery, they face the difficulty of locating victims. Contemporary forms of slavery often involve hidden populations, some of whom perform illicit work. Slavery often occurs in isolated areas and access can be challenged or compromised when workers are involved in illegal activities, when they are geographically isolated, or when they work in violent or politically unstable countries or regions. The challenge of accessing women and children can increase in countries with cultural norms that restrict them from having contact with outsiders or strangers, or their general freedom of movement. For example, the Special Rapporteur has reported that it is difficult to access forced child labourers working in mines and quarries located in remote areas (see A/HRC/18/30).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Children working in the mines and quarries are vulnerable to physical, sexual, moral and social harm. Artisanal mining and quarrying is inherently informal and illegal -as either it costs too much to get the legal permit to mine or there is no need to get a permit as the law is not enforced. These "frontier communities" are riddled with violence, crime, trafficking in young girls and women for sexual exploitation, prostitution, drug and alcohol use (ibid.). There have been reports that children are given drugs so that they are able to fearlessly extract minerals underground or underwater. Children also take drugs and alcohol in the belief that it makes them stronger and as a result of peer pressure. The drug abuse (particularly amphetamines and marijuana) and alcohol (commercial and/or local brew) destroy their health and keep them in the vicious circle of poverty. Children who arrive alone to work in this sector are even more vulnerable to abuses (see A/HRC/18/30/Add.2).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Poverty
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe