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Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Female prisoners throughout the world are vulnerable to numerous manifestations of violence. According to testimonies received by the Special Rapporteur, women in prison are raped by inmates and guards, forced into prostitution, touched in a sexual manner during frisks and required to wear revealing prison uniforms. In some contexts, women and men are housed together in the same facility or even the same jail cell, which increases the risks of abuse and is contrary to international standards.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Violence against women also works against the achievement of development goals such as education, the focus of Millennium Development Goal 3. The fact that 60 million girls worldwide are assaulted while travelling to and from school prevents many girls from completing their education. Many adolescent girls are also forced to withdraw from school owing to marriage and school-related violence, while sexual violence increases the dropout rates of girls and undermines educational achievement.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The inclusion of gross violations against women in the list of wrongdoings that will trigger reparations has to be underpinned by the notion that the same violations may entail different harms for men and women, but also for women and girls from cultural minorities. For instance, harms emanating from sexual violence - including the contraction of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, undesired pregnancies, complications due to often unsafe abortions, unwanted children, loss of reproductive capacity, fistulas and vaginal injuries, and multiple psychological disorders - are always compounded with social stigmatization and ostracism by the family and/or community, subsequent emotional distress, loss of status and the possibility to marry or have a male protector, and access communal resources. None of the reparations programmes in the post-conflict or post-authoritarian scenario has explicitly referred to forms of reproductive violence (such as forced impregnation, forced abortion or forced sterilization) as separate categories. Explicit recognition and visibility of various forms of violence and the ensuing harm is required for responsive reparation programmes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Rehabilitation measures need to be tailored to respond to women's specific needs. This may require an effort to overcome gender biases that might be entrenched in the existing national service system. One way to overcome such biases is to be as explicit and specific as possible in terms of the services to be provided. For instance, instead of recommending that victims of sexual violence have free or privileged access to medical and psychological assistance, reparations programmes should spell out which treatment victims of sexual violence need most. Rendering rehabilitation and reintegration meaningful to women to ensure that they can recover a sense of normalcy or functional life is both a gendered and a context-sensitive enterprise, as the notion of "psychosocial" rehabilitation suggests.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- In the aftermath of violent conflict, when "normalcy" is restored, women are subject to new and sometimes higher levels of violence from men whom they know in the family and the community. Internalization of violent mechanisms of conflict resolution, accumulated and unresolved feelings of male impotence and frustration, male anxiety around the empowerment of women who have become politically visible during the conflict or simply the increased vulnerability of women may be some of the reasons that make women the targets of rising levels of violence after official peace or democracy has been declared. Reparations programmes that take place at one given point in time and inevitably look to the past have inherent limitations to address future violations. However, the type of guarantees of non-repetition can ground practical obligations on the part of the State to take into account the foreseeable short- and medium-term legacies of its violent past for women and, more specifically, adopt measures to avoid the exploitation of new forms of vulnerability.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Another instance of discriminatory practices, resulting in historical injustices, is that of assimilation policies instituted in countries, which led to many aboriginal or indigenous children being taken away from their families, communities and cultures and placed in foster care or residential schools. There have been some initiatives to provide compensation to survivors, including monetary compensation, truth-telling, therapeutic services and acts of commemoration and reconciliation. However, gender differences have generally not been taken into account and, as a consequence, there has not been special recognition of or compensation for girls for consequences of sexual abuse, such as pregnancy resulting from rape or forced abortion.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- In the 2009 case of Opuz v. Turkey, the Court found Turkey in violation of its due diligence obligations to protect women from domestic violence and - for the first time - held that gender-based violence is a form of discrimination under the European Convention. The case was brought by Ms. Opuz who, along with her mother, suffered years of brutal violence at the hands of her husband. Despite their complaints, the police and prosecuting authorities did not adequately protect the women and, ultimately, Ms. Opuz's mother was killed by the former husband. The Court found that there had been a violation of right to life with respect to the applicant's mother, a violation of the prohibition of torture and of inhuman and degrading treatment on account of the authorities' failure to protect the applicant against her ex-husband's violent and abusive behaviour and a violation of the prohibition of discrimination.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- In terms of women's empowerment at the community and family level, States should engage in "cultural negotiations" through which the root causes of violence against women may be confronted and the oppressive nature of certain societal practices made evident. This cultural negotiation requires identifying and contesting the legitimacy of those who monopolize the right to speak on behalf of culture and religion. It is not culture or religion per se that sanctions the beating, mutilation or killing of women. Rather, it is those who monopolize the right to speak on behalf of culture or religion. As a consequence, State engagement in women's empowerment and societal transformations is central to challenging and changing hegemonic patriarchal structures and practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Domestic violence continues to be perceived as both socially acceptable and legitimate. During her visit to Kyrgyzstan, the Special Rapporteur found that 38 per cent of women between 15 and 49 years of age believed that a husband had the right to beat his wife in various situations. Domestic violence is also an extremely underreported crime. Throughout country visits, victims put forward similar reasons why they hesitate to contact the authorities: fear of retaliation, family or community pressure not to reveal domestic problems, poor awareness of rights, lack of support services, economic dependency, and perceptions that the police will not respond adequately.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Guarantees of non-repetition offer the greatest potential for transforming gender relations. In promising to ensure non-recurrence, such guarantees trigger a discussion about the underlying structural causes of the violence and their gendered manifestations and a discussion about the broader institutional or legal reforms that might be called for to ensure non-repetition. A gender-sensitive reparations programme should seize this opportunity to advance, as part of the venture of constructing a new and more inclusive democratic order, a society that overcomes the systemic subordination of women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The lack of recognition of intra-gender inequality and discrimination has led to the privileging of experiences of urban middle-class women, despite the importance of social location for women's vulnerability to and experiences with violence. This leads to the experiences of all other women and also the impact of social location on women's vulnerability to violence being obscured. The consequence is that programme designs and goals advanced in the interest of women may only reach the rights violations experienced by some women. More often than not, the women whose rights are protected are not the women whose social location renders them especially vulnerable to gender-based violence. Consequently, addressing the concerns of women requires an understanding that a one-size-fits-all programmatic approach is inadequate for recognizing the intra-gender differences among women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Taking into account the intersectionality and the continuum of violence approach that have increasingly blurred the distinction between violence perpetrated in the public and the private spheres, the mandate analyses violence against women in four main spheres: (i) in the family; (ii) in the community; (iii) violence perpetrated or condoned by the State; and (iv) in the transnational arena. These broad categories are neither mutually exclusive nor ranked. If any violence that falls somewhere on this continuum is either directed at women, or experienced by a group that is overwhelmingly female, then the violence constitutes discrimination against women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- These developments led the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council and the Security Council to pass resolutions that focus particularly on violence against women and girls. The General Assembly and the Human Rights Council have, for example, increasingly identified inequality and discrimination, including gender-based violence, as violations of human rights of women and girls. Resolutions adopted by these organs have increasingly referred to the heightened risk of gender-based violence for women who suffer multiple forms of discrimination and have identified "power imbalances and structural inequality between men and women" as root causes of violence against women. In the context of peace and security, the Security Council, through resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008), has called for special measures to protect women and girls from gender-based violence in situations of armed conflict.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur's country visits confirm that domestic violence remains widespread and affects women of all social strata. As reported in the mission report on her visit to the United States of America, approximately 552,000 violent crimes against women by an intimate partner were committed in 2008. In El Salvador, a 2008 survey on family health indicated that 44 per cent of women who had been married or lived with a partner had suffered psychological violence, 24 per cent physical violence and 12 per cent sexual violence. According to a national survey in Algeria, over 30 per cent of women had been regularly subjected to threats of physical or psychological violence and 10.9 per cent subjected to forced sexual relationships on more than one occasion by their intimate partner.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The problematic nature of human rights discourse regarding violence, which has until recently regarded violence mostly as public violence perpetrated by or condoned by the State, and which often carries with it the elements of spectacle, has led to the marginalization and invisibility of violence perpetrated against women in the private sphere. It is not the more everyday ordinary violence that takes place within ostensibly private spaces, which many have until now thought to be beyond the control and regulation of the State, which receives attention. A holistic approach will require the challenging of discourses that make certain human rights violations invisible.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The inter-gender hierarchy between men and women inherent to patriarchy, together with the intra-gender hierarchy according to which women are constructed and valued, gives rise to the competing impulses of protecting valued women and attacking devalued women. In many cases, a cultural belief of, and value attached to, patriarchal authority, contributes to the gender stratification that exacerbates forms of violence against women. Many traditions promote the notion that the man is the natural head of the household, and when violence occurs in such contexts it can be very difficult for a woman to recognize her abuse as a violation of her rights. Even in cases where she suspects that she has a right not to be abused, there may be little or no community support for her to leave a household where violence is occurring.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- There is a need for a holistic approach to both physical and ideological restrictions as an issue in the human rights discourse around violence against women. Mainstream human rights discourse has demonstrated its capacity to acknowledge as a human rights violation the violence that flows from physical restrictions which are created and/or maintained by the State, communities, families or individuals. The same cannot be said, however, for the violence of ideological restrictions which may be deployed to justify physical violence against women or to restrict women's choices in ways that make submission to violent acts necessary to access resources and to demonstrate community membership. Ideological constraints help either to normalize the differential vulnerability based on the violence inherent in the context, the personhood of the women involved, or some combination of the two.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities experience rape and sexual abuse at home, at work, at school or on the street (see A/61/122/Add.1 and Corr.1). Others experience rape and sexual abuse within institutions, both state and non-state.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The discrimination and violence faced by women with disabilities in society tends to be exacerbated by prison environments. In the Handbook on Prisoners with Special Needs, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) recognized that women prisoners with disabilities were at a particularly high risk of manipulation, violence, sexual abuse and rape and that prisoners with physical disabilities might be actively targeted or suffer the effects of having their special needs, including safety needs, neglected. Furthermore, according to the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 of the United States of America most prison staff is not adequately trained to prevent or respond to inmate sexual assaults, and prison rape often goes unreported and untreated.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The causes of violence against women with disabilities originate in social norms about the nature and type of disability and gender roles. Women with disabilities face many barriers to escaping, resisting, preventing or obtaining redress for violence. Such barriers include, but are not limited to, emotional and financial dependency on the abuser; unwillingness to be stigmatized; fears regarding child custody or single-parenthood; inaccessibility or unavailability of violence prevention programmes and facilities; fear or loss of assistive devices and other supports; concerns about being believed when disclosing the abuse; and reluctance to take any action that may escalate the violence. Also when they seek assistance from police or other members of the community, their complaints may not be taken seriously or may be disbelieved, due to stigma and stereotyping.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Paternalistic attitudes towards persons with disabilities may also prevent full and fair access to the witness stand. Various players in the judicial system may view women with disabilities as too fragile to withstand the rigors of examination by attorneys or judges, leading to their exclusion. Such exclusion has the effect of placing them at even greater risk since perpetrators may target women with disabilities because they know that complaints may be taken less seriously. Moreover, women with disabilities whose complaints have been dismissed are less likely to come forward again to report abuse.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- A compilation of British studies found that 20 to 30 per cent of offenders had learning disabilities or difficulties that interfered with their ability to cope within the criminal justice system and that the female prison population was five times more likely to have a mental health disability than the general population. Another study found that as many as 80 per cent of female detainees had at least one psychiatric disability. Furthermore, such individuals are increasingly housed in prisons rather than psychiatric facilities. Those with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities face threats of inadequate care and mistreatment, in addition to the risks of self-harm and the deterioration of psychological or emotional well-being owing to the nature of incarceration, according to the UNODC Handbook. Closure of psychiatric institutions in some countries has led to a marked increase in the criminalization of women with disabilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities may lack access to education, financial independence and information on how to report incidents of violence and on how to recognize and address violence, including sexual violence (see A/61/122/Add.1 and Corr.1). Also, police and law enforcement agencies may not take appropriate action to prevent or respond to such violence. Women with disabilities may be reluctant to report violence, so as to avoid discrimination, retribution, institutionalization or the loss of economic and other supports. Perpetrators may believe that such assaults will not be discovered or that the testimonies of the women with disabilities will not be credible in law enforcement and court systems.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was adopted in 2006 and entered into force in 2008. The preamble acknowledges that disability is an evolving concept, and that the full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others is negatively impacted by the interaction between persons with impairments and the attitudinal and environmental barriers that exist. The Convention is more progressive than the Standard Rules in its purpose to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities and to promote respect for their inherent dignity. It also reflects the "nothing about us without us" principle of inclusion of persons with disabilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities may be more likely to have low self-esteem, a risk factor for domestic and other forms of violence. Popular media images throughout the world contribute to the presumption that the bodies of women with disabilities are unattractive, asexual and outside the societal ascribed norms of "beauty". It also describes the "normal" female body as the presence of high cheekbones, even skin tones, long legs, and the absence of fat, wrinkles, physical disabilities and deformities. This contributes to the undervaluing of women with disabilities, as well as self-devaluation by women of their own bodies, whether they have disabilities or not. Many images only depict people with disabilities as deserving of pity, thus further stigmatizing them.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The killings can be active or direct, with defined perpetrators, but they can also be passive or indirect. The direct category includes: killings as a result of intimate-partner violence; sorcery/witchcraft-related killings; honour-related killings; armed conflict-related killings; dowry-related killings; gender identity- and sexual orientation-related killings; and ethnic- and indigenous identity-related killings. The indirect category includes: deaths due to poorly conducted or clandestine abortions; maternal mortality; deaths from harmful practices; deaths linked to human trafficking, drug dealing, organized crime and gang-related activities; the death of girls or women from simple neglect, through starvation or ill-treatment; and deliberate acts or omissions by the State.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- Self-determination embodies the rights of individuals and peoples to make decisions about their economic, social, religious and familial well-being, and to honour the expressed desires of people and individuals to control their own affairs. Women within minority and marginalized groups, including indigenous women, are often denied their basic right to self-determination. This is further obscured by literature that demonstrates how elite and privileged women have gained these rights. In this way, self-determination is another area where the invisible hierarchy of women vis-à-vis other women masks the ongoing inequality experienced by many of the world's women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- In the case of India, international attention has been drawn to the vast divergence in the country's natural gender ratio, with estimates that in 2003 100 million women were "missing" from its population. It is estimated that one million selective female foetal abortions occur annually in India. There is no official statistical data available on female infanticide, but in the state of Kerala, it is estimated that about 25,000 female newborns are killed every year. The preadolescent mortality rate of girls under 5 years old was 21 per cent higher than for boys of the same age in India. Violence, as well as nutritional and deliberate medical neglect by girls' parents, was cited as the main causes of death.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Relevant resolutions also provide that States must condemn violence against women and not invoke custom, tradition or religion to avoid their obligations to eliminate such violence; develop penal, civil, labour and administrative sanctions in domestic legislation to punish and redress the wrongs caused to victims; provide access to the mechanisms of justice and, as provided for by national legislation, to just and effective remedies; and ensure that the secondary victimization of women does not occur because of laws insensitive to gender considerations, enforcement practices or other interventions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- In Afghanistan, the Law on Elimination of Violence against Women broadly criminalizes violence against women broadly. Despite this, cases of gender-based killings and other serious crimes against women are still being prosecuted under the Penal Code instead of under the new law. This is resulting in acquittals of perpetrators, the reduction of charges to less serious crimes, convictions with lighter sentences and women victims themselves being accused of "moral crimes". Also, article 398 of the Penal Code mitigates penalties for murder if the victim is a close relative caught in the act of committing adultery, and the killing was not premeditated.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe