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Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Civil society organizations further expressed concern over insufficient support measures available for survivors of violence, such as protection measures and services. Shelters, health care and psychological support remained inaccessible. As highlighted by the Special Rapporteur in document A/HRC/35/30, the lack of systematic data collection on gender-based violence against women and femicide was a serious obstacle to addressing violence against women. Data collection was a crucial step in promoting advocacy at the national level to combat gender-based violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- General recommendation No. 35 also recommends that States “ensure access to financial aid and free or low-cost high quality legal aid, medical, psychosocial and counselling services, education, affordable housing, land, childcare, training and employment opportunities for women victims and survivors, and their family members. Health-care services should be responsive to trauma and include timely and comprehensive sexual, reproductive and mental health services. States should provide specialist women’s support services, such as free-of-charge 24-hour helplines, and sufficient numbers of safe and adequately equipped crisis, support and referral centres, as well as adequate shelters for women, their children, and other family members as required”.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Closing the gap in international human rights law: lessons from three regional human rights systems on legal standards and practices regarding violence against women 2015, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Article 2 of the Protocol requires States to take positive action to address inequalities between women and men in State efforts to ensure that women enjoy their rights. Other articles set out obligations with respect to, among other things, the right to dignity; the right to life, integrity and security of the person; protection from harmful practices; rights in marriage, which include entitlement to property and the custody and guardianship of children; protection from early and forced marriages; the right of access to justice and equal protection of the law; the right to participate in political and decision-making processes; the right to peace; the rights to adequate housing, food security, education and equality in access to employment; reproductive and health rights, including control of one's fertility; and the right to be protected against HIV infection. The Protocol also includes specific provisions on the protection of rights of women with disabilities. All promotional and protective provisions in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and other human rights instruments are equally applicable in the interpretation of the Protocol.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Closing the gap in international human rights law: lessons from three regional human rights systems on legal standards and practices regarding violence against women 2015, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- A seminal development is the inclusion in the Protocol of provisions on abortion, the first time such provisions were included in an international or regional human rights instrument. Article 14 (2) (c) addresses the issue of medical abortion, stating that all appropriate measures must be taken to protect the reproductive health of women, including through the authorization of abortions in the following circumstances: sexual assault, rape and incest, and where the continued pregnancy endangers the mental and physical health of the mother. This provision is crucial, considering the high maternal mortality rates linked to the practice of unsafe abortions. However, the cultural, religious and other moral arguments against the termination of pregnancies in many African countries challenge the effective realization of this right.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Closing the gap in international human rights law: lessons from three regional human rights systems on legal standards and practices regarding violence against women 2015, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Article 14 (1) requires States to protect and promote the rights of women to be protected from sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, and to be informed of the HIV status of their partners. This provision is important in a context of high rates of HIV infection, and also considering the nexus between violence against women and HIV. Article 6 (c) of the Protocol references the issue of polygamy, a practice that is often linked to acts of violence against women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- In Kyrgyzstan, women faced highest risk of ill treatment immediately after arrest and during the investigation period when investigating authorities are seeking a confession. Organizations and several women victims provided accounts of extortion and bribery while in police custody, including being chained to a radiator, having a gun held to their head, beatings and burns. Many women in custodial facilities often face inadequate access to medical treatment and care. Female detainees in Zambia, whether in police custody or in prisons, received little medical attention for prenatal and post-natal care and treatment, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis testing, and little or no nutrition support.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The lack of sufficient specialized shelters for women and girls victims of violence contributes to their invisibility and silencing. Even when government-run shelters are available, the Special Rapporteur has noted in most of her country missions the crucial role played by non-governmental organizations in managing shelter facilities and offering psychological, medical and legal assistance to women victims of violence. Whether privately funded or receiving governmental grants, these centres are usually insufficient in number, lack human and material resources, and are commonly concentrated in areas that are not accessible to all women. While commending the work of civil society organizations, the Special Rapporteur has noted that the due diligence obligation to protect women from violence rests primarily upon the State and its agents. It is therefore the responsibility of States to ensure accessibility and availability of effective protection and support services to victims of domestic violence. Further, the Special Rapporteur has raised concern at the lack of policy guidelines across health, psychosocial and legal sectors ensuring coordinated, prompt and supportive services to victims.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Existing legal standards and practices regarding violence against women in three regional human rights systems and activities being undertaken by civil society regarding the normative gap in international human rights law 2015, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Article 2 of the Protocol requires States to take positive action to address inequalities between women and men in State efforts to ensure that women enjoy their rights. Other articles set out obligations with respect to, among other things, the right to dignity; the right to life, integrity and security of the person; protection from harmful practices; rights in marriage, which include entitlement to property and the custody and guardianship of children; protection from early and forced marriages; the right of access to justice and equal protection of the law; the right to participate in political and decision-making processes; the right to peace; the rights to adequate housing, food security, education and equality in access to employment; reproductive and health rights, including control of one's fertility; and the right to be protected against HIV infection. The Protocol also includes specific provisions on the protection of rights of women with disabilities. All promotional and protective provisions in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and other human rights instruments are equally applicable in the interpretation of the Protocol.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Existing legal standards and practices regarding violence against women in three regional human rights systems and activities being undertaken by civil society regarding the normative gap in international human rights law 2015, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- A seminal development is the inclusion in the Protocol of provisions on abortion, the first time such provisions have been included in an international or regional human rights instrument. Article 14 (2) (c) addresses the issue of medical abortion, stating that all appropriate measures must be taken to protect the reproductive health of women, including through the authorization of abortions in cases of sexual assault, rape and incest, and where the continued pregnancy endangers the mental and physical health of the mother. This provision is crucial, considering the high maternal mortality rates linked to the practice of unsafe abortions. However, the cultural, religious and other moral arguments against the termination of pregnancies in many African countries challenge the effective realization of this right.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Existing legal standards and practices regarding violence against women in three regional human rights systems and activities being undertaken by civil society regarding the normative gap in international human rights law 2015, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Article 14 (1) requires States to protect and promote the rights of women to be protected from sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, and to be informed of the HIV status of their partners. This provision is important in a context of high rates of HIV infection, and also considering the nexus between violence against women and HIV. Article 6 (c) of the Protocol references the issue of polygamy, a practice that is often linked to acts of violence against women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Existing legal standards and practices regarding violence against women in three regional human rights systems and activities being undertaken by civil society regarding the normative gap in international human rights law 2015, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The inter-American human rights system was created in 1948 and functions within the framework of the Organization of American States (OAS), with primary areas of focus including democracy, human rights, security and development. Normative developments include the adoption in 1948 of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and the Charter of the Organization of American States. The Declaration recognizes a range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to life (art. I); the right of women, during pregnancy and the nursing period, and children to special protection, care and aid (art. VII); the right to the preservation of one's health and well?being (art. XI); the right to education (art. XII); the right to take part in cultural life and benefit from intellectual progress (art. XIII); the right to work and to fair remuneration (art. XIV); and the right to social security (art. XVI). The Charter refers to human rights in several of its provisions, including article 3 (l) on the fundamental rights of the individual without distinction as to race, nationality, creed or sex. Article 17 provides: "Each State has the right to develop its cultural, political, and economic life freely and naturally. In this free development, the State shall respect the rights of the individual and the principles of universal morality." Article 106 provided for the creation of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights as a consultative mechanism for the promotion and protection of human rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The term femicide has been used in the context of killings of women in the private and public spheres. In some European contexts, such killings are described as "crimes of passion". In South Asia the term femicide has been adopted to encompass cultural practices in the region such as female infanticide, preadolescent mortality of girls and dowry-related deaths. The phenomena of so-called "honour killings" in the Middle East are rarely specifically labelled as acts of femicide, but some scholars have highlighted the femicidal nature of such acts and the impunity that accompanies such killings.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Parallel to this conceptual discourse, Mexican feminists decided to translate the term femicide directly from its Latin origins as "feminicidio". The femicide versus feminicide debate that has taken place in the Latin American context has not been resolved as yet. In the interim, feminists and academics have simply moved past the issue and adopted either or both terms, depending on the country, the context, the campaign or the lobbying target.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- One study indicates that there are approximately 3,500 intimate partner violence-related deaths every year in Europe. Women account for more than 77 per cent of all victims of intimate partner/family-related homicide, with women between the ages of 35 and 44 at higher risk. More recently, research indicates there has been an increase in the rates of killings of women. For instance, in Spain there has been a 15.16 per cent increase in intimate partner femicides. In Italy, the total number of homicides (male and female murders) is decreasing; however, female homicides increased from 15.3 per cent during 1992-1994 to 23.8 per cent during 2007-2008. According to data, in England and Wales in 2009/10 95 female victims of homicide were killed by a current or former partner, compared to 21 male victims of domestic homicide.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Studies in Honduras and Costa Rica show that more than 60 per cent of femicides are perpetrated by an intimate partner or male family member. In Peru, 70 per cent of acts of femicide are carried out by a former or current intimate partner. In Mexico, 60 per cent of the women who were murdered by their intimate or ex-intimate partners had previously reported domestic violence to public authorities. In some cases in Nicaragua, while the crimes were perpetrated by persons unknown to the victim, the murders were planned and paid for by the partner or ex-partner.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- A 2004 national study on femicide in South Africa estimated that a woman is killed by her intimate partner every six hours. Of the cases in which relationship status could be established, 50.3 per cent of the women were killed by an intimate partner. Furthermore, a racial analysis indicates that women of colour are disproportionately affected by such killings. The rate for coloured women was 18.3 per 100,000 women; for African women it was 8.8, and for white women, 2.8.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Victims come from a range of social and economic backgrounds, which vary from country to country, as do the circumstances in which they are killed. Many of the murdered women come from the most marginalized sectors of society: they are poor, from rural areas, of ethnic origin, sex workers or maquila workers. Young women between 16 and 24 years old are the most vulnerable group. Overall, 25 per cent of murders reveal evidence of sexual assault; 66 per cent of murders in Honduras and 44 per cent in El Salvador exhibit signs of brutality. Small firearms were used in 90 per cent of femicides in Guatemala and in 79 per cent of femicides in Honduras in 2010. Femicide is considered the second-highest cause of death of women of reproductive age in Honduras.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- In the case of India, international attention has been drawn to the vast divergence in the country's natural gender ratio, with estimates that in 2003 100 million women were "missing" from its population. It is estimated that one million selective female foetal abortions occur annually in India. There is no official statistical data available on female infanticide, but in the state of Kerala, it is estimated that about 25,000 female newborns are killed every year. The preadolescent mortality rate of girls under 5 years old was 21 per cent higher than for boys of the same age in India. Violence, as well as nutritional and deliberate medical neglect by girls' parents, was cited as the main causes of death.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur believes that data on femicide should be seen as an important indicator for the elimination of violence against women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes that other categories with regard to the victim that would be valuable to track for such initiatives would be whether she was a woman human rights defender, whether she was homeless, her sexual orientation, whether she was an indigenous woman or girl and the mental health of the perpetrator (e.g., depression or threats to commit suicide).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- In another landmark ruling, the Supreme Court of Mexico ordered the reopening of the investigation into the suspicious suicide of a women and ordered that it should be reinvestigated "from the perspective" of femicide or the murder of a woman by a man for reasons relating to her gender. The Court declared that it was the "duty of investigative bodies to investigate every violent death of a woman, to determine whether or not this is a case of femicide", thereby affecting countless other cases of unresolved femicides in the country and having implications for all levels of investigation into such crimes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 82e
- Paragraph text
- [States should undertake to do the following:] Provide police and prosecutors with specific expertise on risk assessment and risk management, establish specialized units on violence against women and encourage courts to gain specific expertise on femicide and violence against women.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 83c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following modalities for the establishment of a national femicide watch and/or observatories on violence against women:] States should establish a femicide watch or femicide review panels or observatories on violence against women at the global, national or regional level in order to analyse data on femicide and propose concrete measures to prevent such crimes (see A/HRC/32/42, para. 45);
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 83e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following modalities for the establishment of a national femicide watch and/or observatories on violence against women:] Non-governmental organizations or national human rights institutions could establish their own femicide watch reviews panels;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 83g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following modalities for the establishment of a national femicide watch and/or observatories on violence against women:] As far as possible, such femicide reviews should include suicide cases and the killing of children relating to gender-based violence against their mothers;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 83h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following modalities for the establishment of a national femicide watch and/or observatories on violence against women:] In every case, the personal information that has been provided by the victims and the family members should be incorporated only into databases with their informed consent with regard to its possible use. This information should be protected in accordance with international standards on the protection of privacy.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Even in contexts where women are able to successfully acquire access to resources such as for example land, they continue to face the challenge of access to other resources for its care. For illustration purposes, we can look at the issue of access to water. Women and their families experience multiple challenges relating to security and health when they have to travel considerable distances and spend several hours a day collecting water, which is often polluted and dangerous to their health and well-being. At the same time they are also at risk of sexual and other forms of violence. Furthermore, with the privatization of water for profit, water has become a commodity for the global market. This is a form of structural violence in that water is being forcibly taken away as a public good, despite the recognition by the United Nations that water is a human right. Such a scenario illustrates both interpersonal and structural violence directly related to survival, bodily integrity and health, as women risk their lives daily for water, which is a basic need.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The psychological/individual perspective draws from biological, sociological, and psychological theories, and posits that violence occurs due to a male's higher level of testosterone (hormone theory), and also that men have evolved to have more violent tendencies than women (evolutionary theory). Additionally, an individual may be abused because the perpetrator perceives a benefit from the abuse, i.e. he is able to gain what he wants by maintaining a level of fear and disquiet in his partner (or members of the family) and this ultimately benefits his individual well-being. Another argument is based on the notion of resource competition, in which individual family members are in competition with one another for scarce resources, and thus the combination of hormone differences and sexual dimorphism allows males to dominate females in the private and public sphere.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Other environmental factors include "poverty, armed conflicts, all forms of injustice, family breakdown, political, social and economic instability and all types of migration." Social and occupational stress and changes are also included as environmental factors in the societal model. These factors all create circumstances in which individual vulnerability to violence against women increases.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Gender
- Health
- Movement
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The World Health Organization recognizes violence against women as a major public health problem which can result in "a wide range of physical, mental, sexual and reproductive, and maternal health problems." Health practitioners identify gender-based violence as having especially wide-ranging consequences on women's lives and "include the psychological impact of violence, loss of personal freedom, diminished capacity to participate in public life, and a dramatically increased risk of acquiring HIV and other STIs." Women who are already lacking health care and medical treatment due to economic, social, political and geographic barriers are at greater risk of chronic, and possibly fatal, effects of violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe