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Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- To counter these and other effects, due diligence requires that in developing, implementing and assessing prevention approaches, initiatives be based on "accurate empirical data" and targeted to those most at risk of trafficking in persons. For example, mass migration crises result in the concentration of a large number of displaced vulnerable populations in few places, making them a prime target for traffickers. Prevention policies should mitigate these risks, including through providing comprehensive and innovative regulated mobility avenues in order to prevent recourse of migrants to smugglers in the first place. Additionally, in crisis situations such as armed conflicts, natural disasters and protracted crises, it is vulnerable and mobile populations such as "irregular migrants, migrant workers, asylum seekers and displaced populations (refugees and internally displace) persons) caught up in a crisis, or in transit, people left behind and local communities" that are most at risk of trafficking in persons. Good State practices to address these risks before crisis can include, for example, ensuring livelihood activities to reduce the vulnerabilities to trafficking in persons and exploitation for at-risk populations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The benefit of trained law enforcement, peacekeeping and humanitarian personnel has also been mentioned both by States and by other entities active in the field as a means of preventing trafficking in persons, especially women and children. In this regard, several examples of successful joint cooperation between States to train law enforcement officials and to conduct joint anti-trafficking operations were mentioned, including the recent joint exercises between European and African law enforcement officials organized by the Centre of Excellence for Stability Police Units and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which were focused on reducing human trafficking along migrant routes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- In order to provide a description and to establish the nature and scope of the problem, the Special Rapporteur will consider trafficking in conflict from three perspectives: trafficking of persons fleeing conflict; trafficking during conflict; and trafficking in post-conflict situations. In practice, overlapping between these aspects is common. However, it is possible to identify particular features or issues of trafficking associated with each to understand how different situations and vulnerabilities arise and how they can be addressed. Because of a dearth of information, the Special Rapporteur addresses the most common forms of trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- For the millions of people who are forced to flee their country because of armed conflict, the journey of escape has become increasingly expensive and hazardous, with a tangible risk of trafficking-related exploitation. Sometimes these dangers relate to the available paths of escape. Throughout their journey and at their destination, migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers, are highly vulnerable to physical violence, sexual assault, extortion and trafficking, as well as detention by national authorities. The journey of female migrants and unaccompanied children travelling through the Horn of Africa is particularly hazardous. Thousands have disappeared, presumably abducted for purposes of exploitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Conflict and post-conflict situations increase the vulnerability of those fleeing conflict to trafficking for purposes of organ removal, and enables impunity for exploiters. A system for collecting and selling human organs from fighters, captives and hostages is allegedly established by armed opposition groups, especially the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and affiliated armed groups, as a means of financing war. Moreover, there is evidence that migrants fleeing conflict in the Sudan have been trafficked for organ harvesting in Egypt. Palestinians from the Syrian Arab Republic, who use smugglers to travel to Europe through the Sudan and Libya, have also become victims of trafficking for organ removal when they found themselves unable to pay the ransom for their kidnapping. In addition, medical practitioners from post-conflict Kosovo were found to be involved in the trafficking of victims from the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation and Turkey to Kosovo for the purpose of organ removal (A/68/256, para. 29).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The use of the Internet and social media for the deception, recruitment, indoctrination and sale of potential and actual victims of trafficking, especially women and children, by extremist non-State armed groups has been mentioned above (see paras. 30 and 31). Preventive measures aimed at countering the broadcasting of online messages for this purpose, including through targeted media campaigns using credible actors such as former members, respected community or religious elders, have been shared by States and by numerous other entities working in the field. In this regard, the example of the online videos distributed by the British Metropolitan Police Service of Syrian refugee women warning foreign women about the realities of life under ISIL to counter the fraud and deception that drive online recruitment was highlighted.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Post-conflict situations are typically characterized by absent or dysfunctional justice and law enforcement institutions; a consequent climate of impunity that fosters violent criminal networks; high levels of poverty and lack of basic resources; significant inequality; large populations of highly vulnerable individuals (displaced persons, returnees, widows, unaccompanied children); fractured communities and lack of trust; and militarized societies tolerant of extreme levels of violence. These features render men, women and children in post-conflict societies especially vulnerable to trafficking.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Migrant workers in conflict zones have a heightened risk of exposure to human trafficking. Recruitment agents and their intermediaries in countries of origin deceive workers about their country of final destination, the nature of the work and their working and living conditions and, unknowingly, such workers find themselves forced into employment in conflict-affected countries. For instance, a man from the Philippines was allegedly promised employment in Turkey, but was instead trafficked for labour exploitation to the Kurdistan region of Iraq.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 64f
- Paragraph text
- [All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:] Adequately train all stakeholders, including peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel working in conflict zones, in refugee camps and in areas of arrival of large influxes of people fleeing conflict, to identify trafficking or risks of trafficking, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes, international organizations, host countries and civil society organizations;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, migrant workers can also be trafficked into conflict zones by private contractors employed by States and their military forces to support large-scale military operations. While not all situations of contracting and subcontracting involve trafficking for labour exploitation, there have been cases where large firms that hold the prime contract with States and their militaries hire migrant workers through smaller subcontractors or local employment agencies to perform certain tasks, including cleaning, construction, cooking and serving and haircutting.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- In addition to improved inter-State cooperation, greater legal and policy coherence on human rights due diligence is also needed where States participate in intergovernmental institutions or entities, including international trade and financial institutions. While States retain their international human rights law obligations of due diligence when they participate in such institutions, inter-State organizations should also embed due diligence in their governance activities, including in procurement practices and particularly in post-conflict situations. The United Nations human rights due diligence policy on United Nations support to non-United Nations security forces that "sets out measures that all United Nations entities must take in order to ensure that any support that they may provide to non-United Nations forces is consistent with the purposes and principles as set out in the Charter of the United Nations and with its responsibility to respect, promote and encourage respect for international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law" is one example.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- In fact trafficked persons, like other categories of persons in a migration process, are initially persons pushed into a search for a better life to flee a range of issues, such as poverty, armed conflict, humanitarian crises, torture or other human rights violations, including domestic violence and gender-related persecution. Social and economic vulnerabilities, linguistic isolation, irregular residence status and States' persistent failure to recognize and protect the human rights of vulnerable and/or undocumented migrants contribute to exploitative activities that occur as a result of trafficking in places of origin, transit and destination (A/HRC/26/37/Add.2, para. 46). This is particularly prevalent in some sectors in countries of destination that have a rapidly growing demand for low-cost, low-skilled migrant labour, and that are thus prone to labour exploitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Post-conflict situations are typically characterized by absent or dysfunctional justice and law enforcement institutions, and consequently by: a climate of impunity that fosters violent criminal networks; high levels of poverty and lack of basic resources; significant inequality; large populations of highly vulnerable individuals (displaced persons, returnees, widows, unaccompanied children); fractured communities and lack of trust; and militarized societies tolerant of extreme levels of violence. These features render men, women and children in post-conflict societies especially vulnerable to trafficking.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Human trafficking is an increasingly common feature of modern conflict, whether national or international. Existing forms of trafficking and vulnerabilities ranging from gender-based violence to discrimination to lack of economic opportunities are exacerbated before, during and after conflict. Furthermore, conflict tends to fuel impunity, the breakdown of law and order and the destruction of institutions and communities, which foster conditions within which trafficking will flourish, often beyond the point at which hostilities have ceased. Lack of access to safe and legal migration options forces many persons fleeing conflict to use the services of illegal facilitators, increasing their exposure to exploitation, including trafficking.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- While forcible recruitment of children often involves abduction or coercion, recruiters also appeal to notions of martyrdom or social and economic factors or employ trickery or indoctrination to enlist children. There are instances where the Internet, particularly social media, has been used by extremist groups to exploit the vulnerability of young educated children from middle class families in Western countries to recruit them using deception. Moreover, children are especially vulnerable to being trafficked into military service if they are separated from their families, are displaced from their homes, live in combat areas or have limited access to education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- A pattern of deceptive recruitment, excessive recruitment fees, confiscation of workers' passports, dangerous working conditions and poor living conditions, debt bondage, underpayment or non-payment of wages and other types of abuse and exploitation are, in some cases, indicative of trafficking in persons for labour exploitation within the scope of the international legal definition. Examples include the exploitative recruitment of South Asian migrant workers to provide service at military worksites of conflict areas in the Middle East. The subcontractor deceives the workers about the country of work, which is more dangerous than the promised country, and the type of work to be done, and withholds workers' passports to prevent them from fleeing the conflict zone where they were deceptively hired to work.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Conflict severely affects individuals, families, communities and nations on a global scale. In 2014, 41 active conflicts were identified, with the most acute in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. In the same year, conflict and persecution forced a daily average of 42,500 individuals to leave their homes and seek protection, either within their own country or in other countries. The number of persons displaced because of conflict and persecution in 2014 stood at an unprecedented 59.5 million, a 40 per cent increase in just three years.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69g
- Paragraph text
- All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:Establish and/or adapt national procedures for assistance and protection services for victims and potential victims of trafficking in persons, including gender- and child-sensitive measures, to detect trafficking cases and indications of the risk of trafficking in all locations where there are large influxes of refugees and migrants, including hotspots, reception centres and administrative detention centres for migrants;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 64g
- Paragraph text
- [All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:] Establish and/or adapt national referral mechanisms for assistance and protection services, including gender- and child-sensitive measures, for victims and potential victims of trafficking in persons, involving national authorities and civil society organizations in the decision-making, especially relating to the identification and protection of victims and potential victims;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 72g
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Early identification of cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the context of massive influxes of migrants as a result of conflict.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 66a
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Prevent trafficking in persons, especially targeting unaccompanied children such as orphans, children left behind by parents fleeing conflict and children moving alone to flee conflict areas, in cooperation with national civil society organizations, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69a
- Paragraph text
- [State contracting agencies of armed forces deployed in conflict and post-conflict areas, including in the context of peacekeeping operations, should:] Exercise due diligence when employing workers, including migrant workers, to provide goods and services and must help ensure that businesses operating in conflict and post-conflict areas are not involved in human rights abuses, including trafficking in persons for labour exploitation;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Recent trends show that people fleeing conflict and emergency situations to seek asylum increasingly risk their lives in unsafe travel conditions at sea and on land. Those who survive the perilous journey are at a higher risk of trafficking because of their desperation and lack of viable options. They face continued uncertainty, physical, emotional and psychological insecurity, financial strain and lack of legal and/or social inclusion in their host communities. That lack of inclusion means they have little access to education, health care and housing. It also means they face significant barriers in accessing jobs in the formal labour market and can often only find work in the informal economy. By its very nature, the informal sector is unregulated, making it an ideal environment for unscrupulous employers and/or intermediaries to exploit and traffic workers. With the considerable pressure on children to help provide financial stability to their families during humanitarian crises, those children may not only be vulnerable to trafficking, but they will also be more likely to work in the unregulated informal sector, as they do not receive an education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Persons fleeing conflict could also be vulnerable to trafficking for purposes of organ removal. There was evidence that migrants fleeing conflict in the Sudan were being targeted for organ harvesting in Egypt. In addition, medical practitioners from post-conflict Kosovo were found to be involved in the trafficking of victims from the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation and Turkey to Kosovo for the purpose of organ removal (see A/68/256, para. 29). Certainly, conflict and post-conflict situations provide fertile ground for increasing vulnerability to this form of trafficking and enables impunity for exploiters.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- After fleeing conflict, children may be compelled to work to sustain themselves and/or to support their families. Unaccompanied children often have no choice but to work to meet their basic needs. Iraqi and Syrian refugee children in Lebanon, for example, work in textile factories, in construction, in the food service industry, in agricultural labour or as street vendors in conditions amounting to forced labour. There appear to be organized systems within refugee camps for making these work arrangements. In May 2015, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that there were at least 1,500 children, 75 per cent of whom were Syrian, begging or working as street vendors in and around Beirut, working excessive hours to earn income for their families. These child labour situations often mask other forms of exploitation, such as trafficking for forced labour and sexual exploitation, and have negative consequences on children's health and education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The international legal framework around trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations is a composite one that draws on multiple branches of law, including transnational criminal law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, refugee law and human rights law. In some cases, common and overlapping rules operate to ensure that certain protections (e.g., against slavery and forced labour) are applicable in all situations, including international and non-international armed conflict. In other cases, particular rules and protections will apply depending on the nature of the situation under consideration.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that some 300,000 boys and girls under the age of 18 are involved in more than 30 conflicts worldwide. One in three children in the Kurdistan region of Iraq has been approached for forced or compulsory recruitment in armed conflict. Moreover, children are especially vulnerable to being trafficked into military service by Government armed forces, paramilitary groups and rebel groups if they are separated from their families, are displaced from their homes, live in combat areas or have limited access to education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Throughout their journey and at their destination, migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers forced to flee their country because of armed conflict, are highly vulnerable to physical violence, sexual assault, extortion and trafficking, as well as detention by national authorities. Incidence of trafficking and exploitation, primarily among Afghan, Syrian and Iraqi men and boys with low educational levels and travelling alone, is identified among irregular migrants arriving in Europe along the western Balkan routes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 77h
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Early identification of cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the context of massive influxes of migrants as a result of conflict.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Refugees and asylum seekers are vulnerable to trafficking. Refugees fleeing the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic through Lebanon and Turkey often become subject to trafficking-related exploitation, including child labour, forced prostitution, forced and early marriage and exploitation and begging. Refugees and asylum seekers, including numerous unaccompanied children from the Sudan and Somalia, have been kidnapped or lured from refugee camps or while en route, sold on and subsequently held captive in Libya or the Sinai desert for purposes of exploitation through extortion.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe