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Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- It was noted that, while social audits had contributed positively to establishing a baseline understanding of human rights and labour conditions in the workplace, other forms of engagement, including training and capacity-building for compliance staff and the development and dissemination of targeted guidance on human trafficking, were equally important. Other types of assessments were also highlighted, including self-assessments carried out by suppliers to evaluate their own compliance with standards and assessments of labour supply chains to review conditions of recruitment and migration, where those conditions pose risks of, inter alia, debt bondage and forced labour for migrant workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Diverse means of raising grievances and having them addressed were also debated, including examples of worker hotlines and innovations in the use of smartphone technology. However, it was noted that such efforts alone, not unlike social audits, cannot solve the complex problem of human trafficking, and must be reinforced through other means of awareness-raising, capacity-building, problem identification and access to remedy. Questions were raised about the role played by local authorities in the referral and follow-up of grievances, and about how best to coordinate with such authorities, when necessary. Good practices related to the rehabilitation of trafficking victims and their reintegration into communities and labour markets was also mentioned as a topic in need of urgent attention from all relevant stakeholders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Speaking to the criticism that voluntary initiatives have received on their lack of impact in terms of transforming current business models, representatives of multi-stakeholder initiatives shared promising examples of efforts carried out by some initiatives in sector transformation that illustrate the positive impact that voluntary standards can have in enhancing higher standards in national-level policies and legislation. As voluntary standards alone are not sufficient to achieve sector transformation into a new sustainable business model, innovative approaches seek to combine the efforts of the public sector and those of voluntary initiatives. Collaboration across stakeholder groups, from businesses to civil society and regulators, was acknowledged as a precondition for such transformation, as were partnerships with governments, international organizations and the broader United Nations system.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- In 2012, an executive order aimed at strengthening protections against trafficking in persons in federal contracts was signed in the United States. The new amendments to the Federal Acquisition Regulation include further due diligence measures in respect of contractors and address key risk indicators, such as the use of unethical recruitment practices, in particular by prohibiting contractors from charging recruitment fees to workers and from denying employees access to their personal documents.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Auditing, as a way to evaluate the compliance of companies with labour standards, has also been criticized for its lack of capacity to assess the performance of companies in the long term. An audit, even the most comprehensive, i.e., when it includes worker interviews and is supplemented with information from alternative sources, such as local actors, including representatives of civil society and local trade unions, is still a snapshot offering only a partial view of day-to-day working conditions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 61f
- Paragraph text
- [Participants identified several other actions and interventions, listed below, which have also helped the Special Rapporteur define areas for further engagement and work under the mandate in strengthening the strategies implemented by multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions to detect and tackle trafficking in persons:] Companies that use audits to measure supply-chain compliance are encouraged to review assessment protocols to support improvements in audit quality and create conditions to enable auditors to better identify risks of trafficking;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 62d
- Paragraph text
- [Given the potential that multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions may have to cascade corporate policies on eliminating trafficking in persons across sectors, and the role the Special Rapporteur can play in providing a powerful and neutral platform, the mandate holder will continue to explore further engagement with such initiatives, specifically to:] Analyse the impact that non-financial disclosure regulations have on company policies on trafficking in persons.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66e
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Workers are provided with a written employment contract that is straightforward and understandable by the workers. Contracts for migrant workers are shared with the workers sufficiently in advance of their deployment;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- In establishing an assurance programme or certification system, multi-stakeholder initiatives should engage with workers and trade unions to ensure that their concerns and feedback are taken into consideration and that they are informed of the procedures through which they can provide input. Engagement should take place not only during the assessments, but also during pre-audit consultation, the assessment of assurance providers, the review of policies and procedures, and dispute resolution.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Companies should establish or participate in an operational-level grievance mechanism, in accordance with the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and cooperate with State-based judicial and non-judicial grievance mechanisms. In designing and establishing the mechanisms, companies should engage with workers, with worker representatives and with civil society organizations that have expertise in issues of trafficking in persons and labour exploitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- In selecting new suppliers, companies should develop an evaluation mechanism that takes into account a supplier’s compliance with the policy the company has adopted or to which it adheres, by establishing risk indicators such as those mentioned in the recommendations set out above for multi-stakeholder initiatives on strengthening criteria and indicators. Companies should widely communicate among potential bidders the conditions for selection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- States should protect workers against human rights abuses perpetrated in the recruitment process by employers, labour recruiters and other enterprises. This requires that States take appropriate steps, through effective policies, legislation, regulations and adjudication, to prevent and investigate such abuses, to punish those responsible and to provide redress, and that they exercise and mandate due diligence to ensure that human rights are respected.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Voluntary standards alone are not sufficient to transform business models. Innovative approaches in sector transformation call for enhanced collaboration with governments. States must guarantee normative frameworks that, on the basis of international standards, protect workers from labour exploitation and set out clear expectations for businesses in this regard.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Notable examples of this are the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010 in the United States, which came into effect in January 2012, and the Modern Slavery Act of 2015 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Under the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, retail sellers and manufacturers with over $100 million in annual worldwide gross receipts who do business in the state, regardless of whether or not they are headquartered in California, are required to disclose their efforts to eradicate slavery and human trafficking from their direct supply chains for tangible goods offered for sale. In accordance with the Act, companies concerned must report on their efforts in five different areas: verification, auditing, certification, internal accountability and training.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, given the impact that the results of an audit evaluation may have on the business relationships with suppliers, the practices of presenting model factories prepared specifically for audits and model workers coached to respond to auditors have proliferated in the past few years. These practices aggravate yet another challenge of current audit-based monitoring systems, which is the concentration of company resources in monitoring the first tier of their supply chains. It is widely acknowledged that most of the human rights violations and the worst labour abuses occur beyond the first tier of suppliers. However, few companies have extended their due diligence efforts throughout the entire value chain or to include their labour supply chains.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- States have an obligation under international human rights law to protect against human rights abuses perpetrated by third parties, including business enterprises, within their territory and/or jurisdiction. States’ obligations to prevent and combat trafficking in persons are clearly established in international human rights instruments. For example, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits slavery and forced or compulsory labour (art. 8) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child imposes on States parties an obligation to take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form (art. 35).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- In 2016, together with Verité, an international non-governmental organization, the Special Rapporteur, thanks to earmarked contributions received for this purpose, launched a new project building on the previous work carried out under the mandate on addressing the risks of trafficking in persons in global supply chains. The goal of the project is to reduce the vulnerability that workers face in supply chains and tackle the risks of trafficking in persons by strengthening multi-stakeholder and industry-based strategies, and to promote the catalysing effect of multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions to enhance efforts made by businesses to improve their policies and measures to address trafficking in persons and other types of labour violations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur deemed it essential to engage with multi-stakeholder initiatives, industry coalitions and representatives of the auditing industry in order to discuss how they address challenges and criticisms, and, through constructive dialogue, to identify areas on which further efforts should be focused. In particular, the consultations and subsequent follow-up activities provided opportunities to enhance learning about the risks of human trafficking in supply chains, consider the strengths and weaknesses of strategies to detect and remedy trafficking in persons, identify challenges and share good practices in auditing and assessments, explore current trends in the professionalization of the auditing industry, and explore synergies between participating organizations, the Special Rapporteur, governments and civil society.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In the past few years, at the State level, the above-mentioned due diligence principle and the need to ensure businesses accountability have been at the core of national legislation developed to respond to consumer demands for more transparency in the activities of businesses and their impact on trafficking in persons and forced labour.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The first of the two consultations targeted participants in multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions; the second was aimed at representatives from companies that perform social audits and other types of supply chain assessments.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Against this backdrop, the Special Rapporteur wishes to make the recommendations listed below.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- States should promote policies aimed at identifying and eliminating barriers to effective access to grievance and other dispute resolution mechanisms, such as complex administrative procedures, unreasonable costs, fear of discrimination or retaliation and dismissal and, in the case of migrant workers, fear of detention or deportation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure workers have access to free, comprehensive and accurate information regarding their rights and the conditions of their recruitment and employment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 61a
- Paragraph text
- [Participants identified several other actions and interventions, listed below, which have also helped the Special Rapporteur define areas for further engagement and work under the mandate in strengthening the strategies implemented by multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions to detect and tackle trafficking in persons:] Corporate codes and policies must be strengthened to address risks of trafficking and forced labour in recruitment and labour supply chains, and must set out specific protections for migrant and other vulnerable workers;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- In cooperation with other businesses and suppliers, and after an evaluation of risk indicators and a mapping of suppliers’ supply chains, companies should invest in the assessment and monitoring of second-tier suppliers. Also in cooperation with other businesses and suppliers, companies should establish a capacity-building programme to improve the compliance of second-tier suppliers with standards on trafficking and forced labour.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66c
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] No fees or costs for recruitment are charged, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, to the worker, including costs associated with the processing of official documents and work visas;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66k
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Wage advances or loans provided to workers, including interest rates and repayment terms, are compliant with the law, explained to workers in their own language and agreed in advance by both parties;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should coordinate with other standards systems owners to ensure that all standards on trafficking and labour exploitation are consistent with international human rights instruments and labour conventions, and avoid duplication of members’ efforts in demonstrating compliance with the standards by sharing and coordinating assessment processes and results.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66f
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Contract substitution and changes that diminish originally agreed wages, benefits or other conditions of work are prohibited;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66n
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Mandatory residence in employer-operated residences is not a condition of employment;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe