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Technical advisory services for reporting obligations 1990, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- Welcoming the request in General Assembly resolution 43/115, paragraph 9, that the Secretary-General should arrange, within existing resources and taking into account the priorities of the programme of advisory services, further training courses for those countries experiencing the most serious difficulties in meeting their reporting obligations under international instruments on human rights,
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 1990
Paragraphe
Women and health 1999, para. 15c
- Paragraph text
- [The obligation to protect rights relating to women's health requires States parties, their agents and officials to take action to prevent and impose sanctions for violations of rights by private persons and organizations. Since gender-based violence is a critical health issue for women, States parties should ensure:] Fair and protective procedures for hearing complaints and imposing appropriate sanctions on health-care professionals guilty of sexual abuse of women patients;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1999
Paragraphe
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- There is general agreement that where there are freely available appropriate measures for the voluntary regulation of fertility, the health, development and well-being of all members of the family improve. Moreover, such services improve the general quality of life and health of the population, and the voluntary regulation of population growth helps preserve the environment and achieve sustainable economic and social development.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 2004, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The term "special", though being in conformity with human rights discourse, also needs to be carefully explained. Its use sometimes casts women and other groups who are subject to discrimination as weak, vulnerable and in need of extra or "special" measures in order to participate or compete in society. However, the real meaning of "special" in the formulation of article 4, paragraph 1, is that the measures are designed to serve a specific goal.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2004
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The Committee has consistently expressed concern that identity-based personal status laws and customs perpetuate discrimination against women and that the preservation of multiple legal systems is in itself discriminatory against women. The lack of individual choice relating to the application or observance of particular laws and customs exacerbates this discrimination.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The Committee reiterates general recommendation No. 28 to the effect that the obligations of States parties also apply extraterritorially to persons within their effective control, even if not situated within their territory, and that States parties are responsible for all their actions affecting human rights, regardless of whether the affected persons are in their territory.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Prejudices and weak capacity to address the rights of women and children among judges in customary and religious courts or traditional adjudication mechanisms and the belief that matters falling within the purview of such customary systems should not be subjected to any review or scrutiny by the State or other judicial bodies deny or limit the access to justice of victims of harmful practices.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. Article 16.1d
- Paragraph text
- [Article 16] [States parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations and in particular shall ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women:] The same rights and responsibilities as parents, irrespective of their marital status, in matters relating to their children; in all cases the interests of the children shall be paramount;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Women and health 1999, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The duty of States parties to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, access to health-care services, information and education implies an obligation to respect, protect and fulfil women's rights to health care. States parties have the responsibility to ensure that legislation and executive action and policy comply with these three obligations. They must also put in place a system that ensures effective judicial action. Failure to do so will constitute a violation of article 12.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1999
Paragraphe
Core obligations of States parties under article 2 2010, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Article 2 calls on States parties to condemn discrimination against women in "all its forms", while article 3 refers to appropriate measures that States parties are expected to take in "all fields" to ensure the full development and advancement of women. Through these provisions, the Convention anticipates the emergence of new forms of discrimination that had not been identified at the time of its drafting.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Certain forms of relationships (namely, same-sex relationships) are not legally, socially or culturally accepted in a considerable number of States parties. However, where they are recognized, whether as a de facto union, registered partnership or marriage, the State party should ensure protection of the economic rights of the women in those relationships.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- States parties are to provide information on the implementation of the Security Council agenda on women, peace and security, in particular resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (2013) and 2122 (2013), including by specifically reporting on compliance with any agreed United Nations benchmarks or indicators developed as part of that agenda.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Special consideration is to be given to girls (including the girl child and adolescent girls, where appropriate) because they face specific barriers to gaining access to justice. They often lack the social or legal capacity to make significant decisions about their lives in areas relating to education, health and sexual and reproductive rights. They may be forced into marriage or subjected to other harmful practices and various forms of violence.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Older women and protection of their human rights 2010, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- While both men and women experience discrimination as they become older, older women experience ageing differently. The impact of gender inequality throughout their lifespan is exacerbated in old age and is often based on deep-rooted cultural and social norms. The discrimination that older women experience is often a result of unfair resource allocation, maltreatment, neglect and limited access to basic services.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Older persons
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- States parties should provide for separating the principles and procedure dissolving the marriage relationship from those relating to the economic aspects of the dissolution. Free legal aid should be provided to women who do not have the means to pay for court costs and attorney fees, so as to ensure that no woman is forced to forgo her economic rights to obtain a divorce.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The Committee notes that asylum seekers seek international protection on the basis that they cannot return to their country of origin because they have a well- founded fear of persecution or are at risk of being ill-treated or subjected to other serious harm. It also notes that under article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees the reasons for persecution must be linked to one of the five grounds listed therein: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. Gender-related persecution is absent from the text. The present general recommendation is intended to ensure that States parties apply a gender perspective when interpreting all five grounds, use gender as a factor in recognizing membership of a particular social group for purposes of granting refugee status under the 1951 Convention and further introduce other grounds of persecution, namely sex and/or gender, into national legislation and policies relating to refugees and asylum seekers. It should be noted that, in other international, national and regional contexts, asylum is also provided to persons who cannot be returned to their countries of origin owing to, among other things, threats to their lives or torture or inhuman or degrading treatment. Those forms of complementary protection are also covered herein.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Political and public life 1997, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, in article 1 of the Convention, the term "discrimination against women" is interpreted to mean: any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1997
Paragraphe
Core obligations of States parties under article 2 2010, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Article 2 is crucial to the full implementation of the Convention, since it identifies the nature of the general legal obligations of States parties. The obligations enshrined in article 2 are inextricably linked with all other substantive provisions of the Convention, as States parties have the obligation to ensure that all the rights enshrined in the Convention are fully respected at the national level.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- States parties are obligated to address the sex- and gender-based discriminatory aspects of all the various forms of family and family relationships. In respect of discrimination against women, they must address patriarchal traditions and attitudes and open family law and policy with the same scrutiny that is given to the "public" aspects of individual and community life.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Trafficking may also occur when third-party countries seek to restrict migrant influxes out of conflict-affected areas through measures such as interdiction, expulsion or detention. Restrictive, sex-specific or discriminatory migration policies that limit opportunities for women and girls fleeing from conflict zones may heighten their vulnerability to exploitation and trafficking.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Social norms are interconnected, meaning that harmful practices cannot be addressed in isolation, but within a broader context based on a comprehensive understanding of how the practices are linked to other cultural and social norms and other practices. This indicates the need to adopt a rights-based approach that is founded on recognition that rights are indivisible and interdependent.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Women and health 1999, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The Committee notes the emphasis that other United Nations instruments place on the right to health and to the conditions that enable good health to be achieved. Among such instruments are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 1999
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Regardless of the vast range of economic arrangements within the family, women in both developing and developed countries generally share the experience of being worse off economically than men in family relationships and following the dissolution of those relationships. Social security systems, nominally designed to improve economic status, may also discriminate against women.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- [States parties are obligated to adopt laws of intestate succession that comply with the principles of the Convention. Such laws should ensure:] That customary succession to use rights or title to land cannot be conditioned on forced marriage to a deceased spouse's brother (levirate marriage) or any other person, or on the existence or absence of minor children of the marriage.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 16c
- Paragraph text
- [For the purposes of the present joint general recommendation/general comment, practices should meet the following criteria to be regarded as harmful:] They are traditional, re-emerging or emerging practices that are prescribed and/or kept in place by social norms that perpetuate male dominance and inequality of women and children, on the basis of sex, gender, age and other intersecting factors;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The consequences of industrial agriculture have often been detrimental to rural women farmers and have included soil degradation and erosion, water depletion and the use of cash crops to the detriment of local food crops. The controversial use of genetically modified organisms and the patenting of genetically altered crops are also linked to increased agricultural industrialization. Rural women, however, are more often engaged in organic and sustainable farming practices.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 2017, para. 30a
- Paragraph text
- [The Committee recommends that States parties implement the following preventive measures:] Adopt and implement effective legislative and other appropriate preventive measures to address the underlying causes of gender-based violence against women, including patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes, inequality in the family and the neglect or denial of women’s civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, and to promote the empowerment, agency and voices of women;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In the absence of safe and regular migration channels, as well as permanent and accessible mechanisms for children and their families to access long-term regular migration status or residence permits, children are forced to search for precarious alternatives that increase their exposure to risks of sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- There is a clear difference between the purpose of the "special measures" under article 4, paragraph 1, and those of paragraph 2. The purpose of article 4, paragraph 1, is to accelerate the improvement of the position of women to achieve their de facto or substantive equality with men, and to effect the structural, social and cultural changes necessary to correct past and current forms and effects of discrimination against women, as well as to provide them with compensation. These measures are of a temporary nature.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 1988
Paragraphe
Temporary special measures 1988, para. II.
- Paragraph text
- The meaning and scope of temporary special measures in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 1988
Paragraphe