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The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The right to seek information set out in article 13, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child has often been associated with the right to access to information, in particular information held by public authorities. This right is also closely related to the provisions of article 17 of the Convention, which aims to ensure that children have access to information and material from a diversity of national and international sources.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Restrictions on the content of school curricula may also affect children's access to diverse sources of information. In this regard, the banning of books and teaching materials containing ideas that run counter to those supported by the school administration is another concern. In the 1982 case Board of Education v. Pico, for example, a court in the United States ruled that books could not be removed from school libraries for ideological reasons.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Lastly, children have the right to impart information to others. As is the case for the right to receive information, there are few references to this right in the jurisprudence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. The Committee has stated, for example, that children have the right to contribute to children's magazines, television and other media, to engage in political activities both within and outside the school and to set up Internet chat rooms.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The right of all children to be heard and taken seriously constitutes one of the fundamental values of the Convention. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has identified article 12 as one of the four general principles of the Convention, which highlights the fact that this article establishes not only a right in itself, but should also be considered in the interpretation and implementation of all other rights (see CRC/C/GC/12, para. 2).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- The result of vague and broad definitions of harmful information, for example in determining how to set Internet filters, can prevent children from gaining access to information that can support them to make informed choices, including honest, objective and age-appropriate information about issues such as sex education and drug use. This may exacerbate rather than diminish children's vulnerability to risks (see more in section VII below, on the Internet).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- As stressed previously, including in the report to the General Assembly (A/66/290), there are four types of expression or information which States are required to prohibit under international law: child pornography; incitement to genocide; advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence and incitement to terrorism. Other types of information or expression, which States are not required to prohibit, but may be restricted in exceptional and limited circumstances primarily to protect the rights of others, are established under article 19, paragraph 3, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. However, while protecting individuals from false and malicious accusations, protecting national security or countering terrorism are legitimate interests, the Special Rapporteur remains concerned that such pretexts are used by authorities to unduly control and censor the media and to evade transparency or to silence criticism of public policies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Although the wording of article 13 of the Convention generally follows that of article 19 of the Covenant, certain provisions are omitted. First, article 13 does not include the right to hold opinions without interference, provided in article 19, paragraph 1, of the Covenant. It may be reasoned, however, that this right is implied in article 13, paragraph 1, or covered either by article 12 or article 14 of the Convention. Secondly, article 13 does not include the first sentence of article 19, paragraph 3, of the Covenant: "The exercise of the rights provided for in paragraph 2 of this article carries with it special duties and responsibilities." The inclusion of this sentence, which was introduced in the Covenant because of the powerful influence of modern media of expression, was apparently not found necessary with regard to the child's freedom of expression.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child represents a unique provision in international human rights law. This is a right that only children have, not adults, since children do not have a general right expressly set out in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to express their views in all situations concerning them. That children are not always listened to justifies the inclusion in the Convention of a general right to be heard. The aim of article 12 is to address the legal and social status of children, who, on the one hand, lack the full autonomy of adults but, on the other, are subjects of rights (see CRC/C/GC/12, para. 1).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Article 17 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child deals with the right of the child to have access to information, and addresses the role of the State in encouraging the mass media to provide such information. The provision aims to ensure that the child has access to information and material from a diversity of national and international sources, in particular those aimed at the promotion of his or her well-being and health. It also recognizes the important function performed by the mass media and lists a number of measures that States parties need to adopt to implement the child's rights under article 17. These include a positive right to seek and access information, notably through books, magazines, newspapers, television, radio programmes and libraries.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Children may not have the same maturity as adults, but childhood is an evolving process during which maturity is gained gradually. The ability to develop opinions, as well as to express them clearly, stems from a learning process that begins at the earliest stages of our lives and that needs appropriate respect and encouragement to develop completely. If neglecting the duty to protect children from harm brings serious risks, so too does denying them space to develop their minds, critical thinking and opinions. Depriving children of information on certain matters and prohibiting their participation in public debate can only intensify their isolation and political alienation. Ensuring that children are able to exercise their right to be heard is not only an obligation: it is crucial to enhancing the effectiveness of protective measures.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- There is a need to create an environment in which information and communications technologies, including the Internet, are regulated and monitored from the perspective of empowering children to use these technologies in a way that promotes children's rights and development while also promoting safety (see CRC/C/GC/13). The European Commission provides a useful example of strategies to improve the online safety of children in its European Strategy for a Better Internet for Children. Empowerment is more than just making the Internet a safer space for children, however: it is also necessary to focus attention on how the Internet is a tool for accessing information and supporting children to think critically.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur underscores that there are differences between illegal content, which States are required to prohibit under international law, such as child pornography, and those that are considered harmful, offensive, objectionable or undesirable, but which States are neither required to prohibit nor criminalize. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur believes that it is important to make a clear distinction between three types of expression: (a) expression that constitutes an offence under international law and can be prosecuted criminally; (b) expression that is not criminally punishable but may justify a restriction and a civil suit; and (c) expression that does not give rise to criminal or civil sanctions, but still raises concerns in terms of tolerance, civility and respect for others. These different categories of content pose different issues of principle and call for different legal and technological responses.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The right to freedom of expression is often confused with the right to be heard set out in article 12. The Committee on the Rights of the Child considers that, while both articles are strongly linked, they articulate different rights and should not be confused. Article 12 relates to the right of expression of views specifically about matters which affect the child, and the right to be involved in actions and decisions that have an impact on the child's life. This provision imposes an obligation on States parties to adopt appropriate measures to facilitate the active involvement of children in all decisions and processes affecting them, and to fulfil the obligation to give due weight to those views, while freedom of expression requires no such engagement or response from States parties. The Committee considers, however, that the creation of an enabling environment for children to express their views freely also contributes to building children's capacities to exercise their right to freedom of expression (see CRC/C/GC/12, para. 81).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Seeking and accessing information is essential for the child's development and represents an essential precondition for participating in social life. Therefore, the Committee on the Rights of the Child has construed this right as imposing a positive obligation on States to provide access to information held by public authorities. The Human Rights Committee has observed that, to give effect to this right, States should make every effort to ensure easy, prompt, effective and practical access to information of public interest, and enact the necessary procedures, whereby one may gain access to information, such as by means of freedom of information legislation (see CCPR/C/GC/34, para. 19).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Traditionally, the right to freedom of expression has not been associated with children, even though, as individuals, children benefit from all of the civil rights enunciated in the Covenant. Earlier international instruments dealing with children, such as the Geneva Declaration on the Rights of the Child of 1924 and the Declaration of the Rights of the Child (General Assembly resolution 1386 (XIV)), did not include any reference to this right, on the assumption that children were not able, because of their immaturity, to make meaningful choices. The Convention on the Rights of the Child marks a watershed in the protection of the rights and the inherent dignity of children. Unlike previous international legal instruments, the Convention promotes a dramatic shift in emphasis, from an approach based on the obligations of adults towards children (see the Declaration of the Rights of the Child) to one focusing on the child as a rights-holder.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with article 12, States parties are obliged to recognize that right in their legal system, to adopt appropriate mechanisms to facilitate the active involvement of children in all actions and decision-making processes affecting them and to fulfil the obligation to give due weight to those views once expressed. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has noted that, while appearing to listen to children is relatively unchallenging, giving due weight to their views requires real change. According to the Committee, listening to children should not be seen as an end in itself, but rather as a means by which States make their interactions with children and their actions on behalf of children ever more sensitive to the implementation of children's rights (see CRC/GC/2003/5).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- The popular fear that the Internet is dangerous to all children is misleading and oversimplifies the reality that the Internet can be both harmful and beneficial in certain circumstances. Understanding children's vulnerability to online risks from a wider social and cultural perspective can give greater insight into the nature of these concerns and how they should be framed. Children's use of the Internet, their behaviour and vulnerabilities to risks are different at different ages and depend on the individual child. Protection measures must seek to recognize the evolving capacities of children rather than use absolute blocking or censorship measures that adversely affect children and adults alike.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- In many countries, however, children are denied the right to express themselves freely because of the idea that education serves as a tool for adults to mould children into predetermined shapes. This is evident in the prevalence of authoritarian school environments and teaching methods that, for instance, often preclude students from expressing their views on how their school is run (see CRC/C/KOR/CO/3-4, para. 40). In some places, rote learning continues to be the norm rather than participatory methods of teaching that encourage children to develop and express their views (CRC/C/15/Add.148, para. 39).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Many schools do not permit students to organize and express political or controversial views. The 1969 case Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District is perhaps the first important case on the protection of children's freedom of expression. In December 1965, three school students (aged 13, 15 and 16) planned to wear black armbands with peace symbols to school in protest at the Vietnam War. When their local school administration heard of the planned protest, they banned armbands in school and suspended the students involved. The students appealed to the courts with support from the American Civil Liberties Union and their appeal was upheld, in 1969, by the Supreme Court of the United States of America.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The imposition of prior censorship to protect children from harmful material provides an example of disproportionate restrictions that run counter to international human rights standards. For instance, in the case The Last Temptation of Christ (Olmedo Bustos et al) v. Chile, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that the Government of Chile had violated article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights, on freedom of thought and expression, in banning Martin Scorsese's film The Last Temptation of Christ in order to protect the morals of children. The Court reasoned that children could easily be protected by adopting less restrictive measures than prior censorship, such as controlling their entrance to cinemas.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association has previously noted with concern the increase in restrictions on the Internet, for instance by blocking and monitoring online activities in order to target and silence activists and critics and criminalize legitimate expression - in some cases, Governments have adopted restrictive legislation to justify such measures (see A/HRC/17/27, para. 23). These restrictions are often imposed without transparency, which makes the reporting of censorship issues difficult. Furthermore, even where some level of restriction may be justified, blanket bans on material beyond unlawful content are disproportionate to the goal of protection (ibid., para. 44). Indeed, such measures also have unintended consequences that range from excessively limiting adults' right to freedom of expression to putting children in greater danger by inhibiting discussion about online risks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
The protection of sources and whistle-blowers 2015, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Regional and international human rights instruments also advance the public's right to receive information. The Convention on the Rights of the Child obliges States parties to ensure that children have access to information in order to support individual development and a capacity to participate in public life (art. 17). The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities requires States parties to promote appropriate forms of assistance and support to persons with disabilities to ensure their access to information (art. 9 (2) (f)). The Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights have highlighted the importance of the right of access to information to the realization of social and economic rights (see A/HRC/20/15 and A/HRC/23/36). The right is further reflected in international standards on the environment, efforts to combat corruption and development.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- States should promote programming with educational and recreational content for children of different ages and with content produced by children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur wishes to highlight how the successful example of "Plan Ciebal" in Uruguay has expanded and replicated around the world, and is a good example of partnership between the different private and public sectors. Among the countries participating in the "One Laptop per Child" project include Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, China, India, Iraq, Nepal, South Africa, Rwanda, Thailand, Lebanon and Niue.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Hate speech and incitement to hatred 2012, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Human rights education should not, however, be limited to schoolchildren. Strong information campaigns by public authorities or others can raise awareness about hate speech and the harm that it causes and about the continued importance of a culture of tolerance and peace and its associated ethics. In some instances, responses to offences under article 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights may include such campaigns to spread messages of tolerance and respect for others' rights.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Disproportionate legal restrictions interfere with the rights of both adults and children. This includes legislation containing vaguely worded limitation clauses citing, for example, the requirement to interpret freedom of expression in the light of "Islamic principles" or excessively wide interpretations of risks to security, which could exceed the restrictions set out in articles 13, paragraph 2, and 15 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (see CRC/C/15/Add.254, para. 40, and CRC/C/PRK/CO/4, paras. 27-28).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the Special Rapporteur believes that Internet literacy should be included in school curricula, as well as in learning modules outside of schools. One example is the ThutoNet programme in Botswana, which will not only provide all schools in Botswana with computers and access to the Internet, but will train teachers on how to use ICT as a classroom tool, including formal ICT education as part of the school curriculum. This programme aims to assist the country's children for success in the digital age, and will also involve the development of locally produced educational software to assist with e-learning and to ensure local content and subject relevance.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Groups in need of attention, limitations to the right to freedom of expression, and protection of journalists 2010, para. 79h (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur proposes the following principles for determining the conditions that must be satisfied in order for a limitation or restriction on freedom of expression to be permissible:] Certain very specific limitations are legitimate if they are necessary in order for the State to fulfil an obligation to prohibit certain expressions on the grounds that they cause serious injury to the human rights of others. These include the following: Article 3, paragraph 1 (c), of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, which provides that States must ensure that their criminal law covers "producing, distributing, disseminating, importing, exporting, offering, selling or possessing [...] child pornography";
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur underscores that, as with any limitation, legislation prohibiting the dissemination of child pornography through the Internet, for example through the use of blocking and filtering technologies, must be sufficiently precise, and that there must be adequate and effective safeguards against abuse or misuse, including oversight and review by an independent and impartial tribunal or regulatory body. In addition, the Special Rapporteur reiterates that given the links between the sale of children, trafficking in children, forced labour, child prostitution, sex tourism and child pornography, States must also go beyond blocking measures to address the root causes of exploitation of children in a holistic manner and must investigate and prosecute those responsible.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of the Child is the first international legal instrument proclaiming the right of children to freedom of expression. The wording of article 13 closely follows that of article 19, paragraphs 2 and 3, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. According to some, there is little value in article 13 itself, since it was simply "lifted" from article 19 of the Covenant with little attempt to apply it to children. However, read in conjunction with the provisions set out in articles 12 and 17 of the Convention, which protect the right to be heard and the right to have access to information, article 13 provides a level of protection to the child's right to freedom of expression that is comparable, if not superior, to that afforded by article 19 of the Covenant.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe