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Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- In order to position unpaid care work as a major human rights issue, build up evidence in this regard and alleviate women's poverty resulting from unpaid care work across their life cycle, the Special Rapporteur urges national human rights institutions to include the issue of unpaid care work in their research, policy, advocacy and programming work and to apply a human rights and gender equality perspective to this work. In addition, she encourages them to raise the issue with human rights mechanisms and bodies, including the universal periodic review, human rights treaty bodies, and the Commission on the Status of Women, including when country reports are reviewed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- Support, including financial support, should be given to the work of women's organizations and men's groups challenging the gender norms that allocate responsibility for care work to women and girls.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- Care users, caregivers and other stakeholders should be proactively supported to participate in the design, implementation and monitoring of care services and other relevant policies. States and other relevant branches of Government must build the capacity of unpaid caregivers to participate in decision-making processes, including by providing them with accessible, up-to-date information about their rights, and services and benefits available to them. Participatory mechanisms must be designed to be accessible to women living in poverty with unpaid care responsibilities, for example by providing on-site childcare at meetings.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- In order to uphold their right to participation, tackle gender stereotypes and create an enabling environment for the more equal sharing of unpaid care work, States must take concerted action to meaningfully empower unpaid caregivers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- The development and distribution of affordable time and labour-saving and home-based technologies such as fuel-efficient stoves and grain mills is also crucial to reducing time spent on unpaid care in developing countries. Such technologies should be invested in and incentivized, guided by participatory needs assessments in disadvantaged communities, and costs should be subsidized to make them affordable for people living in poverty.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- The construction of new roads, affordable public transport, low-cost electricity, solar and water energy for domestic purposes, and water and sanitation infrastructure are particularly crucial in this regard. In addition, States should increase construction of health care facilities and schools in underserved areas, as well as related infrastructure such as gender-segregated sanitation facilities. Where appropriate, village-level reforestation programmes and local rainwater harvesting schemes can also dramatically reduce the time women spend on water and fuel collection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 103
- Paragraph text
- The time burden of unpaid care work for women living in poverty can be significantly alleviated if there is adequate infrastructure in place in their communities - particularly through reduced time spent on travel to workplaces or markets, meal preparation, water collection and fuel collection. The availability, access to, and use of, critical infrastructure must therefore be significantly improved, prioritizing disadvantaged areas such as remote rural communities and informal settlements, explicitly seeking to provide better access for these communities to work and services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- States have a duty to regulate private service providers, to ensure that they are not violating the human rights of the population they serve, including the rights to equality and non-discrimination and the principles of availability, accessibility, acceptability, adaptability and quality. To this end, a human rights impact assessment should be conducted before care services are outsourced to private providers, and at regular evaluation intervals.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- States affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic should also take specific measures to ensure that unpaid home-based caregivers are adequately supported, including by providing counselling, training, livelihood support and skills development, savings and credit schemes, medical supplies and equipment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- An important part of the State's investment in care services is the recruitment of adequate numbers of paid care professionals such as nurses, and providing them with decent pay and working conditions. Overall, States should shift from a strategy of reliance on market and voluntary provision of care that is informal and exploitative to one that allows professional, decently paid and compassionate forms of care.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- Low-income countries can overcome resource constraints by building on existing social care programmes to provide better working conditions and improve the quality of care, for example through the expansion of child nutrition centres into quality preschool or educational centres with wider coverage.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- In particular, quality and affordable care services for carers and parents can have a major positive impact on the human rights of both caregivers and receivers. Investment in childcare, elder care and disability support should therefore be increased, prioritizing disadvantaged and underserved areas. The services should be affordable, and provided free to those who cannot afford to pay. In particular, all women should have economic and physical access to high-quality, culturally appropriate childcare for children under school age, including children with disabilities. As well as having a major positive impact on women's right to work, quality early childhood education accessible to people living in poverty has many proven benefits for children and society as a whole. Innovative approaches such as mobile crèches should be considered in order to reach communities living in poverty.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- Policymakers should implement general measures, such as eliminating user fees in primary education and basic health care, including sexual and reproductive health care, and progressively implementing free universal health care. More specific measures adapting and reforming public services, directly guided by the need to alleviate unpaid work demands on women and girls, will also be necessary. Such measures might include free school food programmes; extended school day programmes; improvements to palliative care systems; and the introduction of household/community care capacity assessments to guide hospital discharge decisions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- Quality public service provision should be free at the point of use (for example health services and primary education) or at affordable cost (for example water and sanitation and transport), in order to give unpaid caregivers the option to undertake other pursuits such as paid work, participation in public life, education or self-care, while ensuring a level of care for their dependants. States should therefore preserve and boost investment in public services, especially in times of economic crisis when inequalities become more pronounced. The principles of non-discrimination and equality require States to ensure that public services meet the standards of availability, accessibility, acceptability, adaptability and quality, and to expand coverage in ways that reduce class, gender and regional inequalities, focusing on physical and economic accessibility for the most disadvantaged persons, groups and regions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- For the poorest women, accessible, gender-sensitive public services are the most direct and effective way to redistribute their heavy unpaid care workload and reduce its drudgery and intensity. This can have a direct impact on their enjoyment of human rights, and the rights of those they care for. In many contexts, the provision of such services is a matter of great urgency.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- In order to achieve greater equality in sharing unpaid care work between women and men, in general and within households, the solutions must be public as well as private. It is necessary for the State to facilitate, incentivize and support men's caring, for example by ensuring that they have equal rights to employment leave as parents and carers, and providing education and training to men, women and employers. To facilitate long-term change, educational programmes, to be used in schools and communities, should be developed to challenge stereotypical, traditional male and female roles and promote the concept of shared family responsibility for unpaid care work in the home.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- For the latter two forms of redistribution, the crucial interventions are provision of public services and provision of infrastructure, through which States can reduce the overhead time of poor households and the drudgery of unpaid care work (see paras. 95-105 below).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- States must act to ensure more equal distribution of care work. This requires redistribution in three forms: redistribution between women and men; redistribution from households to the State; and redistribution of time and resources towards poorer families and households.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- States should also take account of unpaid care work in development planning and programming, including in the post-2015 development agenda. Any goals, indicators and targets adopted should reflect an awareness of the intensity and distribution of unpaid care work and its impact on women's human rights and opportunities for human development. To this end, equality in access to public services should constitute a central goal.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- In the light of the many gender, socioeconomic and racial inequalities inherent in the global care chain, States - both countries of origin and destination countries - should pay greater attention to care issues in migration policy, from protecting the rights of migrant domestic workers to supporting the care needs of those they leave behind.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- In order to move towards women's equal enjoyment of the right to work, an unpaid care perspective on labour market policies is also crucial. Various measures should be considered to eliminate de facto sex discrimination in employment, for example financing parental leave or maternity benefits publicly, putting in place policies to help people back into work once they have taken time out of the labour force, and incentivizing carer-friendly employment practices and work arrangements, in collaboration with trade unions, industry bodies and employers. Certainly, States must proactively address the persistence of gender-based wage gaps and link job creation to an increase in the supply of care through expanded public services (see below). As the undervaluation of unpaid and paid care work go hand in hand, it is also important to improve working conditions, enjoyment of rights, and pay for care workers and domestic workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- All social protection programmes, including employment guarantee programmes, must be participatory, gender-sensitive and accessible to women with care responsibilities. Information regarding social protection programmes and eligibility must reach women living in poverty working in the home, through locally adapted and gender-sensitive communication strategies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure that social protection systems do not create significant inequalities between those who have an interrupted participation in the labour force - due for example to parenthood, care for older persons or persons with disabilities - and those who do not. At a minimum, States must provide universal non-contributory social pensions that are sufficient for an adequate standard of living, and ensure that women living in poverty can access them. The introduction of carer credits into a country's pension or superannuation system can provide a method of explicitly recognizing those years spent providing unpaid care.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- All policies and programmes across all sectors should challenge gender stereotypes related to unpaid care work and promote its more equal distribution. For example, any financial support to carers should be paid to the primary caregiver regardless of sex, biological relationship to the care receiver or the form of the household or family. Similarly, social assistance programmes must be designed taking into account the intense unpaid care responsibilities of women living in poverty. Thus, collecting payments, or meeting co responsibilities, such as ensuring a child's attendance at school, must not significantly increase the already heavy workloads of women, and programmes must not reinforce the maternal/caring roles of women without involving men.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Fiscal and macroeconomic policies are no exception. In order to better uphold the human rights of women caregivers living in poverty, States should, inter alia, design tax systems to proactively promote an equal sharing of both paid and unpaid work between women and men, and implement food and fuel price stabilization policies. Especially given the effects of unpaid care on productivity and the labour force, States should analyse and design macroeconomic policy taking into account unpaid care. Expenditure cuts must not be made in ways that add to the amount of unpaid work that women have to do in families and communities. Similarly, employment creation programmes must not ignore the reality of unpaid care work, as the long-term effects of precarious work, and care deficits to children, ill or elderly persons may far outweigh the short-term gains in income for individuals or countries.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- States should take a comprehensive and holistic approach, considering both the needs and well-being of caregivers and care receivers when making policy and addressing the rights enjoyment of both groups. Before new public policies are implemented, their impact on the quality, amount, intensity and distribution of unpaid care work should be assessed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure that a consideration of care work, and its gendered distribution and impact, is systematically integrated into policies across all relevant sectors, including macroeconomic policies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Improving recognition of unpaid care work also necessitates making the data collected available and accessible, and informing and sensitizing public officials and the general public about the distribution, importance and effects of such work. The data collected should be used to assess the impact of economic and social policies on the intensity and distribution of unpaid care work in the household. It should be used proactively in gender-sensitive policymaking, including budgeting. To this end, it will be necessary to train policymakers and public officials to understand the data, and enhance their capacity to analyse it and use it in policy, programming and budgeting.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Careful measurement of unpaid care work will allow a more comprehensive vision of socioeconomic and gender inequalities and the characteristics of poverty. States should consider adopting a multidimensional measure of poverty that includes time poverty and distribution of unpaid work time.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Time-use data collected must be sufficiently detailed to inform gender-sensitive policies: disaggregated by sex and age, measuring simultaneous activities, including and differentiating housework, care of persons and fuel and water collection. Data collection methods must be inclusive of socially excluded persons and/or people living in extreme poverty, for example by adapting surveys for illiterate respondents. Time-use surveys can also be collected as modules in household surveys and in general labour force surveys, with a view to generating quality data.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe