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Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- As demonstrated by WHO data, criminalizing termination of pregnancy does not reduce the need for it. Rather, it is likely to increase the number of women seeking clandestine and unsafe solutions. Countries in Northern Europe, where women gained the right to termination of pregnancy in the 1970s or 1980s and are provided with access to information and to all methods of contraception, have the lowest rates of termination of pregnancy. Ultimately, criminalization does grave harm to women's health and human rights by stigmatizing a safe and needed medical procedure. In countries where induced termination of pregnancy is restricted by law and/or otherwise unavailable, safe termination of pregnancy is a privilege of the rich, while women with limited resources have little choice but to resort to unsafe providers and practices. This results in severe discrimination against economically disadvantaged women, which the Working Group has highlighted during its country visits.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Discriminatory laws and practices have contributed to a deplorable global situation with respect to women's health and safety which calls for urgent, immediate and effective actions. According to WHO, an estimated 225 million women are deprived of access to essential modern contraception. Pregnancy and childbirth-related complications resulted in the deaths of almost 300,000 women worldwide in 2013. About 22 million unsafe abortions take place annually and an estimated 47,000 women die from complications resulting from unsafe abortion each year. Breast and cervical cancer remain the leading cancers among women aged 20-59 years, resulting in 1 million deaths, the majority in low- and middle-income countries where screening, prevention and treatment are almost non-existent. Young women bear the brunt of new HIV infections. One in three women under 50 has experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner or family member. At least 200 million women and girls have been subjected to female genital mutilation.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 108e
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Provide non-discriminatory health insurance coverage for women, without surcharges for coverage of their reproductive and sexual health;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 108d
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Provide training to health providers, including on gender equality and non-discrimination, respect for women's rights and dignity and recognition of alternative medicine;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 108c
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Invalidate conditioning of women's and girls' access to health care on third-party authorization;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 108a
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Ensure that access to health care is autonomous, affordable and effective;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 107a
- Paragraph text
- [In relation to reproductive and sexual health care, the Working Group recommends that States:] Abolish bans on contraception, including emergency contraceptives, and provide access to affordable modern contraceptives;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 106j
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Monitor and prevent the use of mental health to institutionalize women unnecessarily as a social control mechanism.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 106i
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Use educational and social work alternatives instead of custodial or punitive measures to prevent injury to the fetus as a result of drug or alcohol consumption by addicted pregnant women;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 106e
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Decriminalize sexual and reproductive behaviours that are attributed exclusively or mainly to women, including adultery and prostitution, and termination of pregnancy;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 106c
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Prevent exclusion from the public space during menstruation or breastfeeding and prevent discrimination in relation to menopause in the workplace;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 106b
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Eliminate harmful gender stereotypes, which could lead to anorexia and bulimia and invasive cosmetic procedures;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 105a
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Apply human rights standards and principles of equality, non-discrimination and empowerment of women as the framework for all interventions regarding women's health and safety;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Autonomous access to health care means ensuring a woman's right to make decisions concerning her health, fertility and sexuality free of coercion and violence. Key to this is the notion of choice. The rights to informed consent and confidentiality are crucial to ensuring that women can make decisions freely. These rights impose corresponding duties upon health-care providers, who are bound to disclose information about proposed treatments and alternatives in order to aid informed consent and to respect the right to refuse treatment; likewise, they are bound to maintain confidentiality to allow women to make private decisions without the interference of others whom they have not chosen to consult and who might not have their best interests at heart. Autonomy means that a woman seeking services in relation to her health, fertility or sexuality is entitled to be treated as an individual in her own right, the sole beneficiary of the service provided by the health-care practitioner and fully competent to make decisions concerning her own health. This is a matter of, among other things, a woman's right to equality before the law.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In many settings, especially where same-sex consensual sexual behaviour is prohibited, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons are deterred from seeking health services out of fear of being arrested and prosecuted. Even in countries where same-sex sexual orientation is not criminalized, lesbians are often discriminated against and mistreated by medical providers, which deters them from seeking health services. In some settings, they are subjected to coercive, inhumane and degrading practices such as "corrective" or punitive rape. Transgender persons are often subjected in law and practice to compulsory medical interventions without being given an opportunity for informed decision-making and choice. Their gender identity is pathologized in many countries and they are often subjected to mental and physical examinations and treatments and forced to undergo "conversion therapies". Transgender persons' biological needs, such as transition-related medical services, screening for cervical cancer, termination of pregnancy and contraception, are often refused by service providers.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Even where they are entitled to emergency health care, women migrant domestic workers are often excluded from preventive reproductive and sexual health services, as well as gynaecological and obstetric care, because of their status and lack of access to insurance or national health schemes.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group is particularly concerned about the discrimination experienced by women because of their economic status. It has witnessed first-hand during its country visits that women living in poverty are disparately affected in their access to health services, particularly reproductive and sexual health and preventive health care.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In some countries, adolescent girls are deterred from accessing information and services for family planning and termination of pregnancy that are needed to protect their health and safety and prevent unwanted high-risk pregnancies, including the requirement of third party authorization.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination against women is also manifest in the unequal provision of health services required by both women and men. This has been especially severe in countries where women have been excluded from receiving medical treatment by male doctors on the grounds of "modesty".
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination is sometimes manifested in humiliating treatment women that may face in facilities that are dedicated exclusively to them, such as birthing facilities where, as repeatedly stressed by United Nations human rights mechanisms and WHO, they are too often subjected to degrading and sometimes violent treatment.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The social, religious and cultural factors that disregard the dignity of girls and women must be tackled to achieve women's right to equality in health and safety.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Women's specific health and safety needs require protection against gender-based violence that affects their physical integrity and mental health, including in health-care settings.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Women's rights to equality and to the highest attainable standards of health, to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and to health-care services, including those related to reproductive and sexual health, are enshrined in international and regional human rights instruments, reaffirmed in consensus agreements, including the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women and the outcome documents of the review and appraisal conferences, and recognized by international, regional and national mechanisms and jurisprudence. The International Conference on Population and Development, held in 1994, recognized women's rights to reproductive and sexual health as being key to women's health. Discrimination against women in the area of health and safety and denial of their right to control their own bodies severely violate their human dignity, which, along with equality, is recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, many girls do not receive sexuality education, including knowledge about the functioning of their bodies, and hygienic materials for menstruation are either unavailable or too costly. They are forced to use improvised, unhygienic materials that may lead to leaking and infections.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The instrumentalization of women's bodies as objects to serve sexual and other purposes leads to practices such as invasive cosmetic procedures. Unhealthy dieting, particularly among adolescent girls, can have disastrous health consequences, including eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Much of the discrimination in access to health services and the resulting preventable ill health of women, including maternal mortality and morbidity and infertility, can be attributed to the instrumentalization of women's bodies for political, cultural, religious and economic purposes.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 74b
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that international and regional human rights mechanisms:] Conduct empirical studies on family diversity and the strategic implications of protecting human rights for the family and for all its members, on an equal basis;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2015
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- In terms of protection, the State must set up effective services that respond to women's needs in the short, medium and long term. Risks and factors that may lead to discrimination against women must be identified proactively so that effective interventions may be staged before violations are committed.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2015
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 136
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Eliminate all laws which discriminate against women by punishment of behaviours which are not punished when performed by men or by prescribing invasion of women's physical integrity and autonomy;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 134
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Provide adequate non-contributory pensions, on an equal basis with men, as a core social and economic right;
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Older persons
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe