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Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The right to health requires that health-care goods, services and facilities be available in adequate numbers; financially and geographically accessible, as well as accessible on the basis of non-discrimination; acceptable, that is, respectful of the culture of individuals, minorities, peoples and communities and sensitive to gender and life-cycle requirements and of good quality, thus meeting all the criteria of availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The present report distinguishes between users of services and persons with disabilities, based on the barriers faced by the latter, considering in an inclusive manner that everyone is a rights holder.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- The Convention establishes that all mental health services designed for persons with disabilities are to be effectively monitored by independent authorities (art. 16.3). Human rights must be incorporated into the framework of reference for all monitoring and review procedures in the field of mental health. The Special Rapporteur encourages national human rights institutions to pay attention to the right to mental health in their monitoring and promotion activities. Persons with lived experience, their families and civil society should be engaged in the development and implementation of monitoring and accountability arrangements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- In many countries health is among the most corrupt sectors. Health sector corruption, including for example the bribing of health officials and unofficial payments to health-care providers, obstructs the ability of States to fulfil their right to health obligation and to guarantee available, accessible, acceptable and good quality health services, goods and facilities. Yet corruption affecting health also occurs in other sectors and industries, for example, the water sector, and the food and beverages, tobacco and other industries. Moreover, corruption has significant implications for equality and non-discrimination since it has a particularly marked impact on the health of populations in situations of vulnerability and social exclusion, in particular those living in poverty and children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The lesser form of corruption, namely, petty corruption, is quite common in the health sector and includes informal payments from patient to health-care provider, absenteeism of health personnel and preferential treatment. These forms of corruption are also sometimes called “survival corruption”, as they are exacerbated by a lack of resources in health-care settings, poor working conditions, low pay, and hierarchical structures, which drive people to engage in such acts. There is evidence that this “microform” of corruption has a particularly negative effect on the poor in society, as they are often unable to pay the bribes necessary for a certain service.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Corruption also infringes medical ethics, which are an essential component of acceptable health care. Lastly, in terms of quality, corruption can affect the quality of medicines, for example, when regulators are bribed to carry out less rigorous checks, or when hospital administrators purchase medicines of unknown quality. Quality can also be compromised where bribes are extorted or accepted in decisions on hiring staff, or accrediting, licensing or certifying facilities, in deciding which medicines to include on essential medicines lists, or to market unregulated medicines, which can increase mortality and morbidity among those affected, as well as hampering disease control efforts. Nepotism, cronyism and other forms of favouritism can also compromise the quality of health and health-related services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In terms of affordability, health-care providers can make health-care services more expensive by demanding payments (informal or under-the-table payments), which can put treatment out of reach and be a matter of life or death, contribute to morbidity or impoverish patients and their families. The payment of bribes by patients for privileged care is common in many countries and results in discriminatory access to care, with wealthier patients likely to access care more easily than those that are too poor to pay bribes. As a result of bribery in procurement processes, medicines may be more expensive.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Key elements of meaningful participation with the aim of preventing and controlling corruption are the active disclosure of important health-related information and the participation of relevant stakeholders in health decision-making, including in health sector plans, in the annual budget process and in review processes for health laws, policies and programmes. In the context of budgets, participation involves the engagement of a variety of stakeholders in determining the allocation of funding, as well as monitoring expenditure. Methods for realizing participation include forums and conferences, local health committees and teams, citizens’ juries, public meetings, but also institutional participation, for example in hospital boards. Key stakeholders include, but are not limited to, national health assemblies, community-based and grass-roots organizations, professional associations and other non-governmental bodies and civil society organizations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Accountability comprises three elements: monitoring (“what is happening, where and to whom (results) and how much is spent, where, on what and whom (resources)”), review (“analysing whether pledges, promises and commitments have been kept by countries, donors and non-state actors”) and remedies and action. The rule of law, transparency and access to information, including on decision-making processes, budgets and financial transfers in both the public and private sectors, provide vital conditions which help to strengthen accountability.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The medical profession has a responsibility to abstain from unethical and unprofessional behaviour under its professional codes, which often emphasize a commitment to integrity and non-corrupt behaviour. Among other acts, the medical profession is to refrain from favouritism and other forms of preferential treatment for well-connected individuals; accepting bribes; using hospital equipment for private business; and referring public hospital patients to their private practices. They should remain independent from outside organizations that have vested interests in their clinical activities. They should avoid conflicts of interest that compromise their decisions regarding the care of patients.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Thus, the framework of institutional corruption highlights both the harm done and what is lost, namely, harm to patients; loss of public trust and confidence in the integrity of academic medicine; and distortion of the scientific evidence base. It exposes the economies of influence that contribute to those harms and losses and it is a call for action to neutralize those influences. Below, the Special Rapporteur reviews three main areas in the mental health field using this framework, namely, the process of development and promotion of diagnostic categories for mental health conditions, psychotropic drug research and clinical practice guidelines.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Where there is opacity surrounding decisions at the political, macro or micro levels, corruption can flourish, go undetected and occur with impunity. Transparency unveils corruption and is inextricably linked to the right to access information, participation and accountability. Access to information and transparency laws provide a framework for addressing corrupt practices, while the regulations and monitoring arrangements are also vital. Transparency can often be enhanced by the participation of rights holders and civil society organizations in decision-making processes that may be prone to corrupt practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Health settings must empower users as rights holders to exercise autonomy and participate meaningfully and actively in all matters concerning them, to make their own choices about their health, including sexual and reproductive health, and their treatment, with appropriate support where needed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- At present, there is an impasse over how obligations in relation to non-consensual treatment are implemented in the light of the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, given the different interpretation by international human rights mechanisms. The Special Rapporteur has followed these developments and hopes that consensus can be reached to start the shift towards strengthened mental health policies and services without delay. He seeks to participate actively in these processes and potentially report again on the progress achieved.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with their legal obligations under international human rights law, as well as high-level political commitments made in the Sustainable Development Goals to address corruption and develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions by 2030, States should provide leadership to confront the domestic and global causes of corruption and its impact on the right to health through legal, policy and programming measures in the health and related sectors.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The psychosocial model has emerged as an evidence-based response to the biomedical paradigm.It looks beyond (without excluding) biological factors, understanding psychological and social experiences as risk factors contributing to poor mental health and as positive contributors to well-being. That can include short-term and low-cost interventions that can be integrated into regular care. When used appropriately, such interventions can empower the disadvantaged, improve parenting and other competencies, target individuals in their context, improve the quality of relationships and promote self-esteem and dignity. For any mental health system to be compliant with the right to health, the biomedical and psychosocial models and interventions must be appropriately balanced, avoiding the arbitrary assumption that biomedical interventions are more effective.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Conventional wisdom based on a reductionist biomedical interpretation of complex mental health-related issues dominates mental health policies and services, even when not supported by research. Persons with psychosocial disabilities continue to be falsely viewed as dangerous, despite clear evidence that they are commonly victims rather than perpetrators of violence. Likewise, their capacity to make decisions is questioned, with many being labelled incompetent and denied the right to make decisions for themselves. That stereotype is now regularly shattered, as people show that they can live independently when empowered through appropriate legal protection and support.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Prior to the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, various non-binding instruments guided States in identifying their obligations to protect the rights of persons with disabilities in the context of treatment (see General Assembly resolutions 37/53, 46/119 and 48/96). While some of them recognized important rights and standards, the safeguards they contained were often rendered meaningless in everyday practice (see E/CN.4/2005/51, paras. 88-90, and A/58/181). As the right to health guarantees freedom from discrimination, involuntary treatment and confinement, it must also be understood to guarantee the entitlement to treatment and integration in the community. The failure to secure that entitlement and other freedoms is a primary driver of coercion and confinement.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- International assistance and cooperation also includes technical support for rights-based mental health policies and practices. The WHO QualityRights initiative is a commendable example of such technical assistance. The Special Rapporteur also welcomes recent support by the World Bank and WHO for moving mental health to the centre of the global development agenda. However, he cautions that such global initiatives must incorporate the full range of human rights. In particular, multilateral agencies should give priority to ensuring the attainment of the right to health of those in the most vulnerable situations, such as persons with disabilities. A global agenda that focuses on anxiety and depression (common mental health conditions) may reflect a failure to include the persons most in need of rights-based changes in mental health services. Such selective agendas can reinforce practices based on the medicalization of human responses and inadequately address structural issues, such as poverty, inequality, gender stereotypes and violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Multiple and intersectional forms of discrimination continue to impede the ability of individuals, including women and persons from racial and ethnic minorities with disabilities, to realize their right to mental health. Discrimination and inequality are both a cause and a consequence of poor mental health, with long-term implications for morbidity, mortality and societal well-being. Discrimination, harmful stereotypes (including gender) and stigma in the community, family, schools and workplace disable healthy relationships, social connections and the supportive and inclusive environments that are required for the good mental health and well-being of everyone. Likewise, discriminatory attitudes influencing policies, laws and practices constitute barriers for those requiring emotional and social support and/or treatment. Consequently, individuals and groups in vulnerable situations who are discriminated against by law and/or in practice are denied their right to mental health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- In particular, children and adults with intellectual disabilities and with autism too often suffer from institutionalized approaches and excessively medicalized practices. Institutionalizing and medicating children with autism, based on their impairment, is unacceptable. Autism represents a critical challenge to modern systems of care and support, as medical attempts to “cure” the condition have often turned out to be harmful, leading to further mental health deterioration of children and adults with the condition. Support for them should not only address their right to health, but their rights to education, employment and living in the community on an equal basis with others.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The biomedical model regards neurobiological aspects and processes as the explanation for mental conditions and the basis for interventions. It was believed that biomedical explanations, such as “chemical imbalance”, would bring mental health closer to physical health and general medicine, gradually eliminating stigma. However, that has not happened and many of the concepts supporting the biomedical model in mental health have failed to be confirmed by further research. Diagnostic tools, such as the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, continue to expand the parameters of individual diagnosis, often without a solid scientific basis. Critics warn that the overexpansion of diagnostic categories encroaches upon human experience in a way that could lead to a narrowing acceptance of human diversity.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Coercion in psychiatry perpetuates power imbalances in care relationships, causes mistrust, exacerbates stigma and discrimination and has made many turn away, fearful of seeking help within mainstream mental health services. Considering that the right to health is now understood within the framework of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, immediate action is required to radically reduce medical coercion and facilitate the move towards an end to all forced psychiatric treatment and confinement. In that connection, States must not permit substitute decision-makers to provide consent on behalf of persons with disabilities on decisions that concern their physical or mental integrity; instead, support should be provided at all times for them to make decisions, including in emergency and crisis situations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 66e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur takes note of the concerns of various stakeholders, particularly within the medical communities, regarding the absolute ban on all forms of non-consensual measures. He acknowledges that their radical reduction and eventual elimination is a challenging process that will take time. However, there is shared agreement about the unacceptably high prevalence of human rights violations within mental health settings and that change is necessary. Instead of using legal or ethical arguments to justify the status quo, concerted efforts are needed to abandon it. Failure to take immediate measures towards such a change is no longer acceptable and the Special Rapporteur proposes five deliberate, targeted, and concrete actions as follows:] Scale up research investment and quantitative and qualitative data collection to monitor progress towards these goals.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 66c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur takes note of the concerns of various stakeholders, particularly within the medical communities, regarding the absolute ban on all forms of non-consensual measures. He acknowledges that their radical reduction and eventual elimination is a challenging process that will take time. However, there is shared agreement about the unacceptably high prevalence of human rights violations within mental health settings and that change is necessary. Instead of using legal or ethical arguments to justify the status quo, concerted efforts are needed to abandon it. Failure to take immediate measures towards such a change is no longer acceptable and the Special Rapporteur proposes five deliberate, targeted, and concrete actions as follows:] Develop a road map to radically reduce coercive medical practices, with a view to their elimination, with the participation of diverse stakeholders, including rights holders;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Three major obstacles which reinforce each other are identified in the following sections.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Three main characteristics make the health sector particularly vulnerable to corruption: (a) power asymmetries or an imbalance of information, inter alia, between health-care provider and patient and between government, the private sector and rights holders; (b) uncertainty inherent in selecting, monitoring, measuring and delivering health-care services; and (c) the complexity of health systems: the large number of parties involved makes it more difficult to generate and analyse information in a transparent manner. A fourth problem, sometimes termed “provider moral hazard”, is that health professionals, public officials or private actors may choose to act in their own interests rather than in the interests of the rights holders towards whom they bear duties. Moreover, where health systems lack transparency, participation and accountability, a fertile breeding ground is created for corruption.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Alongside general corruption, health sector corruption is widespread and has serious consequences for the enjoyment of the right to health on the basis of equality and non-discrimination. The most common forms of corruption in the health sector are selling government posts, absenteeism, bribes, procurement corruption, theft or misuse of property, fraud, and embezzlement of user fee revenue, as well as informal payments to health-care providers. A range of stakeholders may be implicated in these and other corrupt practices in the health sector affecting the enjoyment of the right to health. These include but are not limited to health ministers, parliaments, accrediting and licensing bodies, public and private insurers, hospitals, health professionals and health professional associations, community health workers, pharmacists, pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies, medical researchers and medical research groups and patients and patient support groups. As will be argued below, they all bear responsibilities with regard to the right to health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Both corruption occurring in society at large (general corruption), as well as corruption specifically occurring in the health or other health-related sectors, have a negative impact on the enjoyment of the right to health. These forms are intertwined. Corruption in society at large may affect the regulatory environment and the efficiency of State institutions. It hinders economic growth and sustainable development as well as equitable distribution of resources. It undermines public confidence in the State and may obstruct attainment of the commitments made through Sustainable Development Goal 16 to create effective and accountable institutions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Beyond the health sector, corrupt practices that have a direct impact on the right to health have occurred in other private sector companies, including private water companies, tobacco manufacturers, food and beverage manufacturers, car manufacturers and the natural resources extraction industry. Such practices include, for example, bribery of public officials and the manipulation of scientific research practices. In his previous reports, the Special Rapporteur has highlighted how power asymmetries have given rise to the widespread prioritizing of specialized medicine over primary care and public health interventions, including poverty reduction, labour conditions and early childhood services (see A/HRC/35/21, paras. 21-26). Such asymmetries generate preferences for physical health care over mental health care; biomedical interventions over non-biomedical interventions; the prioritization of certain disciplines that promote expensive biomedical technologies over social sciences in public health research agendas; and limited space for civil society participation in health policymaking.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe