Search Tips
trié par
30 Listé sur un total de 576 Entités
The right to health and development 2011, para. 18g
- Paragraph text
- [The right to health framework complements current development approaches by underlining the importance of aspects such as participation, community empowerment and the need to focus on vulnerable populations. The right to health analytical framework "unpacks" the right to health, making it easier to understand and apply in practical settings. Its key elements are as follows:] Special attention should be given to issues of non-discrimination, equality and vulnerability;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- International tax competition has placed the burden of taxation in many States on consumption and income or wage-based taxes rather than taxes on business profits and capital income. Income and wage-based taxes, however, are difficult to collect in States with large informal sectors, including most of the developing world. These States incur significant administrative costs associated with tax collection from the informal sector, experience high levels of tax evasion and face difficulties in maximizing income tax bases. It is estimated, however, that taxing the informal sector could increase tax revenue by 35 to 55 per cent in some States. Innovative approaches to tax collection from the informal sector, including through State cooperation with informal workers' associations, have been successful in some instances and hold promise for increasing tax bases in States with large informal sectors. In order to ensure the availability of adequate, equitable and sustainable funding for health, as required by the right to health, States should not be left, as a result of tax liberalization policies, to rely primarily on tax revenue from sectors that are difficult to regulate. However, in order to promote equity in health funding through taxation, and given the size of potential revenue, States should make efforts to collect taxes from businesses in the informal sector, contingent upon the provision of State services and other benefits associated with being a taxable entity.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 18a
- Paragraph text
- [The right to health framework complements current development approaches by underlining the importance of aspects such as participation, community empowerment and the need to focus on vulnerable populations. The right to health analytical framework "unpacks" the right to health, making it easier to understand and apply in practical settings. Its key elements are as follows:] Identification of relevant national and international human rights laws, norms and standards;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- However, there is still insufficient attention to these interactions, particularly in respect of development work. For instance, performing a human rights impact assessment of development policies and programmes, and documenting human rights abuses, are strategies that largely deal with the first two relationships mentioned. Incorporating human rights into each aspect of health-related development programming from its initiation is much more difficult to achieve.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur was informed that pharmaceutical companies adopt various methods to reduce price transparency in order to work around any loss incurred from ERP. They introduce their products in high-price markets first, to be used as reference countries, thus maximizing the price. Additionally, transparency is reduced when companies list high prices in a country while granting discounts and rebates on the condition of confidentiality.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The NEMLs are based on the rationale that a limited range of priority medicines contributes to better health care and optimizes the use of financial resources in resource-limited settings. The NEML also serves as a guide for public procurement of medicines and provides guidance for local production of medicines. Notably, in both developed and developing countries NEMLs are used to guide cost-containment measures for pharmaceutical expenditures.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 18f
- Paragraph text
- [The right to health framework complements current development approaches by underlining the importance of aspects such as participation, community empowerment and the need to focus on vulnerable populations. The right to health analytical framework "unpacks" the right to health, making it easier to understand and apply in practical settings. Its key elements are as follows:] States have duties to respect, protect and fulfil the right to the highest attainable standard of health;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the right to of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health was originally established by the Commission on Human Rights in April 2002 in resolution 2002/31, and renewed in 2005 in resolution 2005/24. Subsequent to the replacement of the Commission with the Human Rights Council in June 2006, the mandate was endorsed and extended by the Council through resolutions 6/29, 15/22 and 24/6.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 118
- Paragraph text
- The role of private companies, such as pharmaceutical ones, should also be highlighted. The work of previous mandate holders has been crucial to underline their duties with regard to right to health, in particular the Human Rights Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Companies in relation to Access to Medicines (A/63/263, annex). The Special Rapporteur will be addressing those issues with a view to ending unacceptable practices and entrenched misconceptions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Without a well-established infrastructure of primary health care, all achievements of modern science and the practice of medicine might be compromised and could be misused. When health policy chooses to prioritize specialized services, the latter tend to function without the necessary ethical and human rights safeguards, leading to barriers in access to services for people and groups who have more health needs or to the ineffective use of those services, or to both.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
The right to health and international drug control, compulsory treatment for drug dependence and access to controlled medicines 2010, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Many myths exist surrounding the use of controlled drugs: that they lead to addiction, do not treat pain adequately, or that chronic or terminal pain is untreatable. Health-care workers themselves often are undereducated in palliative care and feel uncomfortable prescribing opioid analgesics for fear they will lead to dependence, to the contrary conclusions of scores of studies. Where inadequate training is the norm, health-care workers may be unsure of the legal implications of their prescribing practices - especially in relation to patients who use illicit drugs - and may avoid prescribing these medications altogether, which further limits the supply of essential medications.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to health and international drug control, compulsory treatment for drug dependence and access to controlled medicines 2010, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Needle and syringe programmes involve provision of sterile injection equipment to injecting drug users. The World Health Organization has endorsed the use of such programmes, noting that "compelling evidence" exists that they reduce HIV infections substantially, in a cost-effective manner, without any major negative consequences. The use of needle and syringe programmes is consistent with standard public health principles, in that elimination of a vector (in this case, the contaminated needles) reduces transmission of vector-driven disease.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that any domestic legislation concerning HIV transmission should be based on a right-to-health approach; that is, States must comply with their obligations to respect, protect and fulfil the right to health through the enactment of such legislation. Most relevantly, the obligation to protect requires States to take measures to protect all vulnerable or marginalized groups of society, and the obligation to fulfil similarly requires steps to assist individuals and communities to enjoy the right to health - particularly those who are unable to realize the right themselves.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 65m
- Paragraph text
- [In applying a right-to-health approach, States should undertake reforms toward the development and implementation of policies and programmes relating to sexual and reproductive health as required by international human rights law. In that context, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to:] Ensure that conscientious objection exemptions are well-defined in scope and well-regulated in use and that referrals and alternative services are available in cases where the objection is raised by a service provider;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 18i
- Paragraph text
- [The right to health framework complements current development approaches by underlining the importance of aspects such as participation, community empowerment and the need to focus on vulnerable populations. The right to health analytical framework "unpacks" the right to health, making it easier to understand and apply in practical settings. Its key elements are as follows:] Developing countries have a responsibility to seek international assistance and cooperation, while developed States have some responsibilities towards the realization of the right to health in developing countries; and
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 65f
- Paragraph text
- [In applying a right-to-health approach, States should undertake reforms toward the development and implementation of policies and programmes relating to sexual and reproductive health as required by international human rights law. In that context, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to:] Formulate policies to ensure that existing criminal laws, such as those concerning pornography, are not applied to restrict access to, or punish those who provide, evidence-based sexual and reproductive health information and education;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In other words, the new conception of development recognizes that the realization of human rights, including the right to health, is a central aspect of development itself. This connection has been elaborated in many forums, including the United Nations: the centrality of human rights in poverty reduction has been well recognized, and elaborated through a conceptual framework and guidelines on human rights and poverty reduction. However, as previously discussed, health is also implicated in many other conceptions of development besides that involving poverty reduction, and it is this centrality of health to all aspects of development which makes it essential that a right to health approach be used in all development programmes and policies which seek to address health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Earlier, narrower conceptions of development largely focused on indicators such as growth in GNP, rise in personal incomes, industrialization, technological advance, or social modernization. This left little room for the inclusion of human rights, despite the fact that the overall aim of development was the improvement of the human condition, and in that respect development and human rights have always intersected. Significant evolution occurred in the 1980s to 1990s, alongside acknowledgement of the right to development as a stand-alone right, as will be discussed in Section III. Over this time, growing acceptance of human rights discourse within the development community took place. In particular, the human development, or "capabilities" approach to development pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum appeared against the backdrop of the relative backlash against purely economic models of development that previously dominated this arena.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The right to development is a right of individuals and of peoples. It is distinguishable from the right to health in this respect, which is more related to the individual citizen's relationship with the State. Nevertheless, overlap exists. General comment No. 14 of CESCR confirms that the right to health, as outlined in Article 12 of the ICESCR, has both collective and individual dimensions, and that collective rights are critical in the field of health, as modern public health policy relies heavily on prevention and promotion, approaches directed primarily towards groups. Similarly, both the right to health and the right to development underline the imperative of ensuring transparency, equality, participation, accountability and non-discrimination.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
The right to health and development 2011, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- As noted, in the initial, panicked response to HIV, there were calls for quarantine, compulsory notification, and even branding of those people living with HIV. As knowledge grew, and the hysteria surrounding its modes of transmission gradually abated, the extremity of the responses decreased, but identification of the symbiotic relationship between achieving public health and development outcomes, and protecting and promoting human rights, took longer to gain widespread acceptance. It remains overlooked in certain spheres of development, and the lessons learned regarding the effectiveness of responding to HIV using human rights are being increasingly forgotten. Nevertheless, where approaches utilizing human rights have been employed to address HIV, outcomes have been extremely encouraging.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The obligation to prioritize funding or health in State budgets is closely linked to the principle of progressive realization, which establishes a specific and continuing obligation for States to move as expeditiously and effectively as possible towards the full realization of the right to health of all persons, without discrimination and taking into account constraints due to the limits of available resources (General Comment No. 14, paras. 30 and 31, and General Comment No. 3, para. 9). In order to facilitate progressive realization of the right to health for all persons, States should make use of the maximum available funds and resources to realize the right to health, which requires successfully raising funds and ensuring that they are allocated to health through budget prioritization. States unwilling to utilize the maximum of their available resources towards realization of the right to health are in violation of their obligations under the right (General Comment No. 14, para. 47).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Occupational health 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- More research about the informal economy and informal workforce is needed at the local and national levels. The lack of disaggregated data, in particular, prevents States from understanding the demographic landscape of the informal economy and the particular vulnerabilities faced by informal workers. States must systematically engage informal workers in order to effectively conduct human rights and health impact assessments and risk surveillance, with a view to identifying and controlling known risks, as well as epidemiological and disease surveillance to detect and manage disease and prevent long term risks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Occupational health 2012, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The right to health requires robust participation of workers: in defining research priorities; in collecting epidemiological data prior to law and policy formulation; and in monitoring and evaluating occupational health laws and policies. In all instances, the State must ensure that the processes of monitoring and evaluation are not captured by private interests. For example, in many cases employers fund epidemiological research and exert undue influence on the findings. The State must not allow these studies to impact policy formulation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Occupational health 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Retrospective accountability focuses on appropriately addressing prior violations of the right to health. Violations of the right to health must be addressed through effective judicial or other appropriate remedies. In order to achieve this, effective remedies must be available, and effective accountability mechanisms must be in place to identify both the right to health violation and the appropriate remedy to redress that violation. A number of accountability mechanisms may function at the national level, including judicial, quasi-judicial, administrative, political, and social mechanisms. General comment No. 14 explicitly endorses the use of judicial mechanisms to address violations of the right to health, and promotes the use of quasi-judicial bodies and social mechanisms of accountability (para. 59) These include national ombudsmen, human rights commissions, consumer forums and patient's rights associations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The concurrent application of both sets of laws in armed conflict enhances the rights of affected populations. Additionally, human rights law ensures protection of affected populations where the application of international humanitarian law is disputed. Concurrent application is also helpful in situations directly concerning the right to health, such as the effects of general insecurity on health and its underlying determinants that may not be adequately captured under international humanitarian law. Human rights law also contains more specific obligations regarding availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of health services than international humanitarian law does.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Occupational health 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Right to health indicators and benchmarks must play an integral role in the periodic review of occupational health laws and policies in order to monitor and evaluate these laws and policies. There are three categories of human rights indicators: structural, process and outcome indicators. Structural indicators are used to determine whether key structures or mechanisms necessary for the realization of the right to health are in place. Process indicators measure discrete aspects of State policies and interventions toward realizing the right to health; whereas outcome indicators measure the impact of such interventions on the health of populations. Benchmarks are the national targets with respect to each indicator. They create a standard against which States can be held accountable, and allow for monitoring progress over time.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- States also exercise other forms of direct regulation through cost-based pricing, which is based on actual costs of production, a profit margin and a percentage, fixed or regressive, towards distributors' mark-ups. Determining actual costs of production, however, requires reliable and documented evidence of actual local costs of production, which is difficult to obtain given the global dimension of pharmaceutical production. Alternative methods to determine costs of production have included proxies, for example tax paid on manufacturing costs through excise returns and customs duties on landed costs of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Transparency in providing costs of production is important to ensuring fair pricing of medicines, while allowing for a profit margin that sustains the industry. However, accounting manipulations, use of transfer pricing by companies, and corruption in government agencies pose additional challenges to ensuring a transparent system of cost-based pricing.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Taxes constitute the third largest component in price add-ons for medicines after the manufacturer's price and distribution mark-ups paid by the consumer. At the country level, the tax range for medicines is between 5 and 34 per cent. These can include State tax, stamp duties, community tax, State excise duties and freight tax. Taxes are applied variably depending on whether a medicine is locally produced or imported and sold in the in the public or private sector. Almost half of the States surveyed reported that taxes are not levied on medicines. Of those in which they are, some provide exemptions for medicines listed on the national essential medicines lists, donated medicines, antiretroviral drugs, imported generic medicines, cancer and diabetes medicines. The Special Rapporteur encourages States to refrain from taxing medicines, especially essential medicines, and instead consider other ways to generate revenue for health, such as so-called sin taxes - excise taxes levied on socially harmful goods such as tobacco, alcohol and junk foods.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, the right to health framework imposes upon States certain core obligations. Core obligations are minimum essential levels of the right to health, non-compliance with which cannot be justified even in times of resource constraints as they are non-derogable. These include, inter alia, the obligation of States to ensure equitable distribution and access to health facilities, goods and services on a non-discriminatory basis, especially for vulnerable or marginalized groups; the obligation to provide essential medicines; and the obligation to formulate a national health plan or policy in a transparent and participatory way, taking into consideration the special needs of vulnerable populations. Therefore, even if conflicts result in resource constraints, States are required to ensure the availability, accessibility and acceptability of good quality health facilities, goods and services, especially to groups rendered vulnerable by conflict.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur satisfactorily notes that a majority of States surveyed by the Special Rapporteur reported the use of competitive bidding for public procurement of medicines. A transparent competitive bidding process, both at the national and international level, can bring down prices and save substantial medicine-related expenditure by States. The success of competitive bidding largely depends on transparent management, which provides clear and sufficient tender information to all government agencies involved. Efficient and transparent management can also protect against bid-rigging practices in public procurement systems.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe