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Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur believes that criminalization has adverse consequences on the enjoyment of the right to health of those who engage in consensual same-sex conduct, through the creation of the societal perception that they are "abnormal" and criminals. This has a severe deleterious impact on their self-regard, with significant, and sometimes tragic, consequences on their health-seeking behaviour and mental health. Rates of suicide attempts amongst youth who engage in consensual same-sex conduct have been variously reported as between three and seven times higher than for youth who identify as heterosexual; the rates are similar for adults.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Criminal laws concerning consensual same-sex conduct, sexual orientation and gender identity often infringe on various human rights, including the right to health. These laws are generally inherently discriminatory and, as such, breach the requirements of a right-to-health approach, which requires equality in access for all people. The health-related impact of discrimination based on sexual conduct and orientation is far-reaching, and prevents affected individuals from gaining access to other economic, social and cultural rights. In turn, the infringement of other human rights impacts on the realization of the right to health, such as by impeding access to employment or housing.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Despite these recent developments in decriminalization, bringing many States into conformity with international human rights obligations, a significant number of countries maintain criminal penalties for consensual same-sex conduct. Some States have taken steps to broaden the application of existing laws, or to impose harsher penalties for same-sex conduct. Section 365A of the penal code of Sri Lanka formerly prohibited male homosexual acts, but was subsequently amended to be "gender-neutral", resulting in the criminalization of female same-sex conduct. The Parliament of Uganda introduced a bill in October 2009 that would allow for the death penalty as punishment for the violation of certain provisions of the anti-sodomy statute. Uganda, praised by HIV/AIDS activists for its treatment programme and policies, will put its campaign to eliminate HIV in great danger should this bill pass.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The possibility of arrest, detention and deportation due to immigration status further discourages access to health facilities, goods and services, particularly for transgender sex workers who may face severe discrimination and abuse in their home country. Health needs of migrant sex workers are poorly understood in many countries, resulting in policies that fail to address their needs and vitiate the right to health. For example, possession of a condom as evidence of sex work-related criminality actively deters migrant sex workers from carrying condoms, which results in risky sexual behaviour and exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Adolescent girls, adolescents with disabilities, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex adolescents, adolescents living in institutions and adolescents from communities with a proliferation of unregulated weapons or experiencing armed conflict are among those particularly vulnerable to violence. The risks for girls include, for example, exposure to sexual violence and exploitation, forced and early marriage, honour killings and abusive practices often carried out in health-care settings, such as forced sterilization and forced abortion for girls with disabilities, and forced virginity testing.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The risk of experiencing mental ill-health is heightened by poverty and by adverse childhood events, including, for example, sexual and emotional abuse, bullying and parental loss. Adolescents in post-conflict or disaster settings or who are homeless and street-involved, orphaned, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex or involved with the juvenile justice system are also at greater risk. Adolescents in the juvenile justice system suffer substantially higher rates of mental health conditions than those in the general population, with an estimated 70 per cent having at least one diagnosable mental health condition.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Acts of violence, discrimination and marginalization represent human rights breaches that prevent individuals from achieving the highest attainable standard of health. More must be done to secure the full and safe participation of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in sport and physical activity. States should decriminalize homosexuality and repeal other laws used to arrest and punish individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation, and should protect individuals by implementing and enforcing anti-discrimination laws, including in sport.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- AIDS is the second most common cause of death among adolescents globally. Worldwide, adolescents in key population groups, including gay and bisexual boys, transgender adolescents, adolescents who exchange sex for money, goods or favours and adolescents who inject drugs, are also at a higher risk of HIV infection. Adolescent girls in high-HIV burden countries are particularly vulnerable, making up 75 per cent of new infections in Africa in 2013, with gender inequality, harmful traditional practices and punitive age of consent laws identified as drivers of the epidemic. These sectors and groups face a disproportionately high risk of experiencing stigma, discrimination, violence, rejection by families, criminalization and other human rights violations when seeking sexual and reproductive health services, including denial of access to health-care services, such as HIV testing, counselling and treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur deplores the imposition of treatments to try to change sexual orientation and gender identity, including forced sex assignment surgeries for intersex youth, forced sterilizations and abortions for girls with disabilities, the use of surgery and hormone therapy to stunt the growth of children with developmental disabilities and remove their reproductive organs, and the pathologizing of transgender identity and same-sex attraction as psychiatric disorders. States should eliminate such practices and to repeal all laws criminalizing or otherwise discriminating against individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity and expression. There is a need to reform and update national health information systems to include human rights concepts and variables such as lesbian, gay, bisexual and intersex status.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The repeal of laws criminalizing transgender people on the basis of their gender identity or expression, and the legal recognition of gender identity based on self-identification (without abusive requirements) is a prerequisite for transgender people to access sports and enjoy healthy lifestyles. States, sporting organizations and other actors should adopt anti-discrimination policies that permit all persons to participate in amateur sport on the basis of their self-identified gender. Practical steps to create welcoming spaces for participation in sport and physical activity for transgender people and non-binary people could include the installation of appropriate changing rooms, the sensitization of sporting communities, and the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws in the sporting context.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 101g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Review legislation and adopt policies to ensure that all persons, including women, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people, people living with disabilities, children, the elderly and other populations that are underserved or face discrimination, are able to participate in and safely enjoy sports;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Numerous issues arise in respect of persons who are lesbian, gay or bisexual in the context of sport. In a recent six-country survey, 80 per cent of respondents reported having witnessed or experienced homophobia in sport, and nearly 20 per cent of gay men reported having been assaulted during sports activities. In certain jurisdictions, lesbian athletes have been harassed and subjected to violence, including "corrective rape", on the basis of their sexual orientation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The European Court of Human Rights has held that discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity is in violation of human rights. In 1981, in Dudgeon v. United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights determined that the criminalization of private homosexual acts constituted an unjustified interference with the right to privacy enshrined within article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The United Nations Human Rights Committee in Toonen v. Australia subsequently ruled that "sex" discrimination includes discrimination based upon sexual orientation, noting that criminalization was not a reasonable measure to prevent spread of HIV/AIDS. In S.L. v. Austria, the European Court of Human Rights also held that differences in the treatment of heterosexual and homosexual populations based on age of consent had no objective and reasonable justification, and was therefore discriminatory.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- These problems are compounded for persons living with HIV/AIDS. Due to historical circumstances - most significantly, the association of AIDS with the gay community - the enjoyment of the right to health is disproportionately impacted as it pertains to HIV/AIDS diagnosis and treatment. For instance, in the Asia-Pacific region, almost 90 per cent of homosexual men have no access to HIV prevention or care. While this is due to a range of circumstances, a general atmosphere of fear has been the predominant factor in preventing HIV-positive individuals from accessing health services and treatment. This atmosphere of fear also impacts adversely on the wider community. In countries where homosexuality is criminalized, the negative association of HIV/AIDS with homosexuality can result in individuals who do not engage in consensual same-sex conduct avoiding testing and treatment for HIV/AIDS, for fear of being subject to criminal sanctions, violence or discrimination.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Stigmatization prevents legislative and policymaking institutions from adequately addressing health-related matters in communities that are especially vulnerable to the infringement of the enjoyment of the right to health. Where same-sex conduct is illegal, sexual orientation may be treated as a problem that needs to be corrected, ignored or used to legitimize violence directed towards these individuals. Attempts to "cure" those who engage in same-sex conduct are not only inappropriate, but have the potential to cause significant psychological distress and increase stigmatization of these vulnerable groups.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- For example, such a retrogressive tendency has been observed in the area of sexual and reproductive health and rights, and with regard to discrimination against groups in vulnerable situations, including children, documented and undocumented migrants, persons with disabilities and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. In his reports and through his other activities, the Special Rapporteur will highlight the need and importance of applying the principle of the interdependence and indivisibility of human rights, and will underline how essential this is for the full realization of the right to health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- To date, the approach to violence reduction has been fragmented, compartmentalizing different forms of violence. Importantly, many forms of violence continue to be tolerated within societies and even supported by States. For example, violence against women and children remains accepted in many societies as a cultural norm. The institutional care of young children, a clear act of violence against children, remains widespread in many countries. Around the world, many groups in vulnerable situations, including women, persons with disabilities, migrants and refugees, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, experience numerous forms of violence. Each example is also a violation of various human rights protected under international law, including the right to health.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Adolescence itself can be a basis for discrimination, with many adolescents treated as dangerous or hostile, incompetent to make decisions, incarcerated, exploited or exposed to violence as a direct consequence of their age. Health-care providers may perpetuate discrimination against adolescents when they deny them health services or contraceptive supplies or treat them poorly, which can make adolescents reluctant to seek the health-care they need. Adolescents belonging to marginalized groups or sectors, such as girls, racial or ethnic minorities, indigenous populations, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex adolescents, refugees and adolescents with disabilities, face a heightened risk of exclusion.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Historically, sport has often involved forms of "hegemonic masculinity": boys and men have frequently been enabled or encouraged to exhibit aggressive, violent or discriminatory behaviour in competitive sport, including sexism, misogyny, homophobia and transphobia. A welcome shift in this paradigm has occurred in a number of regions and countries where homophobia has decreased, where this has included the area of sports. Nevertheless, levels of homophobia, transphobia, and discrimination against intersex people remain high in most countries. Those who are perceived to fall outside dominant gender and heteronormative standards, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people, continue to face discriminatory treatment and restrictions in sport, including discrimination, harassment and violence, and a lack of safe and welcoming spaces for participation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- LGBTQI+
- Men
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Criminalization may not be the sole reason behind stigma, but it certainly perpetuates it, through the reinforcement of existing prejudices and stereotypes. Same-sex conduct was long considered a psychiatric disorder; until recently, the world's major professional psychological classification system retained homosexuality as a psychological disorder, which speaks to how deeply this stigma was embedded.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Mental health services must be respectful of medical ethics and human rights, as well as culturally appropriate, sensitive to gender and life-cycle requirements and designed to respect confidentiality and empower individuals to control their health and well-being. They must respect the principles of medical ethics and human rights (including “first, do no harm”), choice, control, autonomy, will, preference and dignity. Overreliance on pharmacological interventions, coercive approaches and in-patient treatment is inconsistent with the principle of doing no harm, as well as with human rights. Human rights capacity-building should be routinely provided to mental health professionals. Services must be culturally appropriate and acceptable to persons with intellectual, cognitive or psychosocial disabilities and with autism, adolescents, women, older persons, indigenous persons, minorities, refugees and migrants, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons. Many within those populations are needlessly medicalized and suffer from coercive practices, based on inappropriate and harmful gender stereotypes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to mental health 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- It is important to recognize the complex role that a diagnosis of mental disorder plays in people’s lives. While many people find diagnostic categories beneficial in allowing them to access services and better understand their mental health, others find them unhelpful and stigmatizing. Mental health diagnoses have been misused to pathologize identities and other diversities, including tendencies to medicalize human misery. The pathologization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons reduces their identities to diseases, which compounds stigma and discrimination.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Criminalization is not only a breach of a State's duty to prevent discrimination; it also creates an atmosphere wherein affected individuals are significantly disempowered and cannot achieve full realization of their human rights. For instance, States are bound to take steps to establish prevention and education programmes for behaviour-related health concerns such as HIV/AIDS. Decriminalization facilitates the achievement of this obligation because a social atmosphere wherein adult consensual same-sex conduct is accepted constitutes an essential part of structural prevention of HIV/AIDS. A legal framework promoting an enabling environment has been noted as one of the most important prerequisites to achieve this goal, along with combating both discrimination and structural violence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In the matter of Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi and Others, the High Court of Delhi cited the case of Toonen and considered the reasoning of the South African Constitutional Court in finding section 377 of the Indian Penal Code unconstitutional. This section of the code criminalized, "carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal" - wording from colonial rule that is still in use in more than half of the jurisdictions criminalizing sodomy worldwide. The Naz Foundation submitted that by criminalizing private, consensual same-sex conduct, section 377 perpetuated negative and discriminatory beliefs towards same-sex conduct, driving activities underground and crippling HIV/AIDS prevention efforts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- As with all human rights, States are required to take steps to respect, protect and fulfil the right to health. The criminalization of private, consensual same-sex conduct creates an environment that is not conducive to affected individuals achieving full realization of their right to health. Health services must be accessible for all, without discrimination, especially for the most vulnerable or marginalized sections of the population. The repeal of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex conduct between adults helps to ensure compliance with this State obligation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Many adolescents, in particular girls and those identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender, are deterred from approaching health professionals in anticipation of a judgemental attitude that results from social norms or laws that stigmatize or criminalize their sexual behaviour. Rights to sexual and reproductive health for many adolescents are further compromised by violence, including sexual and institutional violence, coercion into unwanted sex or marriage, and patriarchal and heteronormative practices and values. This reinforces harmful gender stereotypes and unequal power relations that make it difficult for many adolescent girls to refuse sex or insist on safe and responsible sex practices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- States should develop a core package of interventions for adolescents, including to sexual and reproductive health services, that are available free of charge. Services must be designed and delivered in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities, developmental needs and the best interests of adolescents. They must respect adolescents' right to privacy and confidentiality, address different cultural needs and expectations and comply with ethical standards. Services must be sensitive to gender and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex status, they must be non-judgemental regarding adolescents' personal characteristics, lifestyle choices or life circumstances and they must treat all adolescents with dignity and respect, consistent with their status as rights holders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Encouragingly, the recent consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee on sex reassignment and hyperandrogenism addresses this issue. However, consensus should be reached among all international sporting bodies and national governments, in consultation with transgender organizations, on participation by transgender people and non-binary people in sporting competitions. Policies must reflect international human rights norms, should not exclude transgender people and non-binary people from participation and should not require irrelevant clinical data or unnecessary medical procedures as a precondition to full participation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Conversely, an article proposed for inclusion in the penal code of Rwanda that would have carried penalties ranging from 5 to 10 years' imprisonment for any person who "practices, encourages or sensitizes people of the same sex, to sexual relation or any sexual practice" was recently rejected. The Minister of Justice of Rwanda, Tharcisse Karugarama, stated that "… sexual orientation is a private matter and each individual has his or her own orientation - this is not a State matter at all".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Participation in professional sport is often deliberately or effectively denied to transgender people, and people of non-binary gender. There remains uncertainty regarding "classification" by sports bodies of persons as male or female within sex-segregated sport - for those undergoing gender transition through clinical treatment and for those who are not - as well as concerns with regard to the arbitrary nature of such classifications. The barriers that this presents to participation are unwarranted and unfair.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe