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Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The question of whether to criminalize acts of witchcraft was examined by Philip Alston. After considering various arguments in favour of criminalization, including that local customs should be reflected in national law; that criminal law should protect against all types of violence, including violence committed by occult means; and that the failure of criminal law to address such acts leads individuals to take the law into their own hands to achieve what is popularly considered to be a just and fair result, he concluded that the weight of the arguments against criminalization was superior. Criminalization would reinforce the social stigmatization of those accused, and such a prohibition of witchcraft might be socially perceived as providing legitimacy to the killing and ill-treatment of alleged witches. In addition, the very subjective nature of witchcraft, illustrated by the difficulty of finding a clear definition of the concept and the impossibility of identifying objective factors as evidence to be weighed in a court of law were sufficient bases on which to conclude that acts of witchcraft as such should not be criminalized. This does not mean that criminal action becomes legitimate when committed for witchcraft purposes, but rather that a licit action should not be considered a criminal act because it is conducted for witchcraft purposes. Objective criminal acts should be prosecuted, regardless of their (mere or inextricable) link to witchcraft.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Second are the inherent limits of self-regulation, weak law enforcement and the absence of a far-reaching oversight mechanism for both urban and rural areas. Further, self-regulation by organizations of traditional healers have done little to prevent purported practitioners of traditional medicine from establishing themselves on their own, with no oversight at all. Weak enforcement of government licensing systems has also led to similar situations.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Since the adoption of the Convention, it is encouraging to note that many countries, including Argentina, Costa Rica, Czechia and Ireland, have revised their legal frameworks to recognize the right of persons with disabilities to access support to exercise legal capacity. In order to uphold a real paradigm shift, the implementation of supported decision-making systems must be accompanied by the abolishment of all substitute decision-making regimes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In 2016, the Independent Expert, in collaboration with regional human rights mechanisms, launched a process towards the development of a regional action plan to address attacks against persons with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa. The action plan seeks to identify concrete measures for implementing recommendations made by various human rights and other bodies and to translate them into a concrete road map for action with time-bound measures.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 46b
- Paragraph text
- [Accordingly, to be regarded as harmful, practices should meet any or a combination of the following criteria:] They constitute discrimination against women or children and are harmful insofar as they result in negative consequences for them as individuals or groups, including physical, psychological, economic and social harm and/or violence and limitations on their capacity to participate fully in society or develop and reach their full potential;
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Although both children and adults are victims of attacks for the removal of body parts, civil society reports that children constitute the majority of victims. The apparent targeting of children is reportedly linked to the pursuit of innocence, which is believed to enhance the potency of the muti or juju. Further, children are more vulnerable to attacks because they are easy to find and capture and do not have the physical strength to fend off attackers.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, there is a need to recover and acknowledge the personal experience of impairment that informs the support needs that persons with disabilities have in order to participate in society, experiences that may have been rendered marginal in the disability-rights debate. The acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity should influence the way societies perceive and respond to individuals' support requirements.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Studies in developed countries show that annual acute pesticide poisoning affects nearly 1 in every 5,000 agricultural workers. Globally, however, it is unknown what percentage of farmworkers experience acute pesticide poisoning owing to a lack of standardized reporting. Poor enforcement of labour regulations and lack of health and safety training can elevate exposure risks, while many Governments lack the infrastructure and resources to regulate and monitor pesticides.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- Success must be calculated in terms other than economic profitability, and take into consideration the costs of pesticides on human health, the economy and the environment. Agroecology prevents direct exposure to toxic pesticides and helps improve air, soil, surface water and groundwater quality. Less energy intensive, agroecology can also help mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing emissions of greenhouse gasses and by providing carbon sinks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- In "hedge cities", prime destinations for global capital seeking safe havens for investments, housing prices have increased to levels that most residents cannot afford, creating huge increases in wealth for property owners in prime locations while excluding moderate- and low-income households from access to homeownership or rentals due to unaffordability. Those households are pushed to peri-urban areas with scant employment and services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In circumstances where Governments should be relying on positive measures and resource allocation to provide housing to households affected by economic downturns and widespread unemployment, many have been held accountable to austerity measures imposed by creditors. They have agreed to dramatically reduce or eliminate housing programmes, privatize social housing and sell off massive amounts of housing and real estate assets to private equity funds.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Housing and real estate markets have been transformed by corporate finance, including banks, insurance and pension funds, hedge funds, private equity firms and other kinds of financial intermediaries with massive amounts of capital and excess liquidity. The global financial system has grown exponentially and now far outstrips the so-called real "productive" economy in terms of sheer volumes of wealth, with housing accounting for much of that growth.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Information received by the previous mandate holder and the work of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, as well as other holders of thematic mandates, have revealed disturbing patterns of attacks and violence against members of religious minorities and their places of worship. In this context, the Special Rapporteur presented a thematic report to the General Assembly in 2013 (A/68/268) on minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- When administrative or national quasi-judicial mechanisms do not exist or are not able to successfully resolve a dispute, the right to an effective remedy requires that people whose rights to water and sanitation have been affected be able to turn to a court. A right of judicial review as a last resort is sometimes indispensable. In this context, it is critical that judicial systems uphold the justiciability of the human rights to water and sanitation in line with international human rights law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The right to health requires that health-care goods, services and facilities be available in adequate numbers; financially and geographically accessible, as well as accessible on the basis of non-discrimination; acceptable, that is, respectful of the culture of individuals, minorities, peoples and communities and sensitive to gender and life-cycle requirements and of good quality, thus meeting all the criteria of availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to adequate housing of persons with disabilities 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- “Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make one’s own choices, and independence of persons” is a guiding principle set forth in article 3 (a) of the Convention that is particularly critical in the interpretation of the right to adequate housing. The deprivation of choice of where and with whom to live is often the most critical assault on dignity and autonomy for persons with disabilities.
- Organe
- Rapporteur spécial sur le logement convenable en tant qu'élément du droit à un niveau de vie suffisant
- Type de document
- Rapport des procédures spéciales
- Thèmes
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Personnes concernées
- Personnes handicapées
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In the absence of safe and regular migration channels, as well as permanent and accessible mechanisms for children and their families to access long-term regular migration status or residence permits, children are forced to search for precarious alternatives that increase their exposure to risks of sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In the international human rights framework, persons with albinism have normative protection in the International Bill of Rights covering all their fundamental human rights, including the rights to life, physical integrity, liberty, security, the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and an adequate standard of living. Further protection can be found in specific instruments, including the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which proscribes "racial discrimination" based on colour.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Measures identified can be implemented by integrating them into existing, broader frameworks, including laws and policies to implement the rights of persons with disabilities, on access to health, on the rights of women and children, on access to justice services, on victim support services and to eliminate racial discrimination (including discrimination based on colour). Such measures should be extended to the family members of persons with albinism and, in particular, to mothers of children with albinism and women generally. At the same time, specific measures of protection and anti-discrimination for persons with albinism should also be carried out where possible, particularly in countries affected by attacks against persons with albinism and where neglect of this group has been historical and dire.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The Independent Expert emphasizes the need to incorporate in the plan, as in all initiatives on the issue, a dual or twin-track approach. This includes, on the one hand, an emergency and priority response in the area of protection against and prevention of attacks and, on the other hand, the adoption of long-term policies to fight discrimination; address rampant myths, dangerous misconceptions, stigma and witchcraft practices affecting persons with albinism; and ensure full enjoyment by those persons of their socioeconomic rights, among others.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Witchcraft practice, in particular the use of body parts of persons with albinism for muti or juju, is undeniably one of the main root causes of attacks against persons with albinism. However, owing to challenges in conceptualizing "witchcraft" using objective elements, attempts at establishing clear legal boundaries around such practices - including to deter related harmful practices - have been elusive. One key exception is witchcraft accusations, an aspect of witchcraft practice that can be, and has been, legally captured with objective elements because there is no need to define "witchcraft" itself to achieve the purpose of preventing accusations and related violence.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- It is likely that similar laws, including those inherited from the colonial era, when examined in the light of the principles of human rights, including the rule of law and the right to a fair trial, would lead to outcomes similar to the ones prescribed by the Commission. They include repealing outdated legislation on witchcraft, while emphasizing the necessity of sanctioning persons who accuse others of witchcraft; making it generally known that harmful practices related to witchcraft would be prosecuted; and ensuring that mere belief in witchcraft is not criminalized. However, as witchcraft in general has yet to feature prominently on the radar of human rights mechanisms, the initiation of a system-wide approach, beginning with a scaled-up version of the exercise conducted in Papua New Guinea, including an exercise in definition, is timely.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107l
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Regulate corporations to respect human rights and avoid environmental damage during the entire life cycle of pesticides;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- International cooperation can play a crucial role in the implementation of support systems. Donor countries and international organizations should consider increasing funding for the design and development of sustainable national support systems and securing the necessary funds to implement development aid inclusive of the support arrangements required by persons with disabilities. For example, when funding national education systems, donors should take into account the obligation to provide support to children and adolescents with disabilities within the general education system to facilitate their effective education.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- States must refrain from adopting retrogressive measures that affect their obligation to ensure access to support for persons with disabilities. In times of crisis, more support is needed, rather than cuts (ibid., para. 85). Reduction and caps on direct payments, personal budgets and other benefits; stricter eligibility criteria; the elimination or reduction of subsidies and tax credits; and reduced expenditures on community support services, such as in-home services and personal assistance, affect the right to live independently and be included in the community and to an adequate standard of living. States should ensure sufficient resources for individual funds to enable persons with disabilities to access appropriate support.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Support is a normal part of community life, with families serving as the first source of support for everyone. For many persons with disabilities, family support serves as a bridge to access other assistance needed to fully enjoy their human rights. However, when no other options are available and families are the sole source of support, the autonomy of persons with disabilities and their family members is reduced. Those being supported have no choice or control over the assistance they require to pursue their life plans, and questions of overprotection and conflict of interest commonly arise. Families - especially the poorest - are also under significant pressure as unpaid familial support also affects social relationships, income levels and the general well-being of the household. Women and girls are disproportionately affected, as in practice they are the main providers of support within the household, reducing their freedom and choices to pursue their own life plans.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Access to rights-based support for persons with disabilities 2017, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Guaranteeing access to support for persons with disabilities is not only a human rights obligation for States, but also an essential condition to ensure that no one is left behind in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Even if we advance in the areas of accessibility and non-discrimination, persons with disabilities will always need to have access to support. In fact, without appropriate support to carry out daily activities and participate in society, many persons with disabilities will not be able to exercise their human rights and fundamental freedoms, and will remain at risk of abuse and institutionalization. Support measures are vital to enable persons with disabilities to benefit from all policies and programmes and to live fully in the community on an equal basis with others. States should guarantee the full and equal enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons with disabilities in the provision of support.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- The present report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food was written in collaboration with the Special Rapporteur on the implications for human rights of the environmentally sound management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes. Pesticides, which have been aggressively promoted, are a global human rights concern, and their use can have very detrimental consequences on the enjoyment of the right to food. Defined as any substance or mixture of substances of chemical and biological ingredients intended to repel, destroy or control any pest or regulate plant growth, pesticides are responsible for an estimated 200,000 acute poisoning deaths each year, 99 per cent of which occur in developing countries, where health, safety and environmental regulations are weaker and less strictly applied. While records on global pesticide use are incomplete, it is generally agreed that application rates have increased dramatically over the past few decades.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Without or with minimal use of toxic chemicals, it is possible to produce healthier, nutrient-rich food, with higher yields in the longer term, without polluting and exhausting environmental resources. The solution requires a holistic approach to the right to adequate food that includes phasing out dangerous pesticides and enforcing an effective regulatory framework grounded on a human rights approach, coupled with a transition towards sustainable agricultural practices that take into account the challenges of resource scarcity and climate change.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Certain groups are at substantially higher risk of pesticide exposure, as detailed below.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe