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Servile marriage 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- In the present section, the Special Rapporteur discusses the root causes of servile marriage, which include strengthening family links, preventing unsuitable relationships, protecting perceived cultural and religious ideals, protecting family honour and controlling female behaviour and sexuality.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In some circumstances, early marriage is used as an economic survival strategy by poor families. Girls are given into marriage, often against their will and in exchange for a dowry, in order to settle the family's debts, to acquire land or even to settle disputes between families or clans.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Année
- 2010
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The vast majority of young people who generate or receive sexts would not tell an adult about it; parents and teachers are considered the last resort for seeking help. While most sexting images are self-generated and distributed on a mobile device, the images move easily from the mobile platform onto social networks, which can result in cyberbullying and online abuse on those platforms.
- Organe
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Type de document
- SRSG report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Misfortune and unexpected bad luck, sudden and incurable disease, or death often fuel the belief in witchcraft and the stigmatization of marginalized children. Traditional healers and local leaders may condone witchcraft accusations; and uninformed families may seek assistance to exorcise the child's "evil" spirits. Rituals are surrounded by secrecy and, by fear and superstition, remain hidden and concealed.
- Organe
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Type de document
- SRSG report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Stigmatization, social alienation and feelings of shame and guilt may also contribute to hindering reintegration. Stigma and the loss of certain rights are a challenge to re-establishing relationships and social ties. Family and community support is critical to successful reintegration, and also to decreasing the chance of recidivism.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- In some South Asian countries, a widespread practice is that of dowry-related murders. This term covers the deaths of young brides who are murdered, or driven to suicide by continuous harassment and torture perpetrated by the groom's family in an effort to extort dowry payment or an increased dowry of cash or goods. The most common manifestation of this practice is the burning of the bride. These incidents are often presented as, and accepted to be, accidents, such as death as a result of an "exploding stove".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Youth
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Honour killings remain underreported and underdocumented globally. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has estimated that 5,000 women globally are murdered by family members each year in honour killings. With widespread urbanization, the proliferation of media and the changing roles of women, it has become difficult for such crimes to go unnoticed, and such killings are becoming more visible.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- A study in Zimbabwe found that of the 42 cases of femicide involving women older than 50, most of the women had been accused of witchcraft by male relatives prior to the killing. A study conducted in Ghana found that many poor, often elderly, women were accused of witchcraft and subsequently murdered by male relatives, or subjected to a range of physical, sexual and economic abuses.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 74a
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to harmful practices, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to:] Remove the defence of "honour" and other mitigating factors in prosecuting victims' relatives; and engage in community outreach and public education campaigns to raise public awareness about honour-based crimes;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Servile marriage 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The Convention implicitly prohibits forced early marriage. Under article 1 (d), States parties are required to abolish any institution or practice whereby a child or young person under the age of 18 years is delivered by either or both of his natural parents or by his guardian to another person, whether for reward or not, with a view to the exploitation of the child or young person or of his labour.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Intercountry adoptions have been fuelled by a demand from prospective adoptive parents in higher-income countries for children from lower-income countries. That demand has put major pressure on countries of origin with weak child protection systems and often led to illegal acts and illicit practices that have resulted in the sale of children and illegal intercountry adoptions.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In several countries, private and independent adoptions occur legally, in parallel to State adoptions. Because of their private nature and the absence of monitoring, private adoption procedures are quicker than public ones and are thus often favoured by prospective parents. Improper financial transactions have become inherent to private and independent adoptions and have resulted in the development of an adoption market.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- In some cases this phenomenon may be veiled in a "culturally acceptable" practice through, for instance, child marriage. In countries where early marriage is still a common practice, money can be offered to families to marry young girls, despite the marriage only lasting for the length of the stay. Visitors may also take the minor back to their country, where the child will be subjected to continual sexual exploitation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Youth
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Sexuality remains a taboo subject in many societies. Ignorance, apprehension and embarrassment contribute to parents' unwillingness to talk to their children about sex for fear of arousing their curiosity or encouraging sexual debauchery. The topic of sex is therefore discussed among youth, often of the same sex, between brothers and sisters, and sometimes with teachers (as part of sex education).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Année
- 2010
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Vision for the mandate 2016, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The large number of cases reported by civil society no doubt represents a fraction of the attacks against persons with albinism. The secrecy that often surrounds ritual attacks, the complicity of family members in certain cases, the difficulty in accessing data owing to the fact that most attacks occur in rural environments, as well as the low response to such attacks may serve as hindrances to the reporting and visibility of attacks. Moreover, discrimination against persons with albinism and significant impunity may also have an impact on the reporting of such cases. Impunity was also highlighted by OHCHR, which had received information that persons with albinism faced significant difficulties in having their cases brought to justice. In a similar vein, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children has stated that the human rights violations committed against children with albinism are of the highest severity. Discrimination, harassment and violence, including cases of mutilation and murder, are often met with passivity and rarely reported, as they often take place in remote areas and because such children are perceived as bringing bad luck and being a source of shame to even their own families and communities. Mutilation and murders of children with albinism are mostly met by social silence and indifference.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In areas where myths are prevalent, the birth of a child with albinism is often viewed as a social tragedy. Ridicule, blame-throwing, harrowing family intervention and pressure placed on parents or on the mother of the child are commonplace. Because of the social stigma attached to having a child with albinism, fathers of children with albinism sometimes decide to abandon their partners, leaving those children to be brought up in challenging conditions by single mothers. Often, such a single mother and her child are further relegated to the fringes of the community to avoid contaminating others with her "curse". In other instances, mothers voluntarily relocate away from the community to minimize taunts and harassment from others. Therefore, raising a child with albinism in these contexts, either as a single mother or in a family, is synonymous with a life of exclusion and poverty - one that leaves the child with albinism vulnerable to both sexual and physical attack, as has been demonstrated by reported cases. In other cases, children with albinism have been abandoned or rejected from their birth by both mother and father and have grown up in orphanages and on the streets.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Poverty
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Myths yield several interrelated consequences. According to contributions received by the Independent Expert, these consequences are manifested in the lives of persons with albinism in the form of abandonment by their families; normalized isolation and discrimination by their communities; vulnerability to attacks; and infanticide.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The payment of dowries and bride prices, which varies among practising communities, may increase the vulnerability of women and girls to violence and to other harmful practices. The husband or his family members may engage in acts of physical or psychological violence, including murder, burning and acid attacks, for failure to fulfil expectations regarding the payment of a dowry or its size. In some cases, families will agree to the temporary "marriage" of their daughter in exchange for financial gains, also referred to as a contractual marriage, which is a form of trafficking in human beings. States parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography have explicit obligations with regard to child and/or forced marriages that include dowry payments or bride prices because they could constitute a sale of children as defined in article 2 (a) of the Protocol. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has repeatedly stressed that allowing marriage to be arranged by such payment or preferment violates the right to freely choose a spouse and has in its general recommendation No. 29 outlined that such practice should not be required for a marriage to be valid and that such agreements should not be recognized by a State party as enforceable.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CRC) 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The payment of dowries and bride prices, which varies among practising communities, may increase the vulnerability of women and girls to violence and to other harmful practices. The husband or his family members may engage in acts of physical or psychological violence, including murder, burning and acid attacks, for failure to fulfil expectations regarding the payment of a dowry or its size. In some cases, families will agree to the temporary "marriage" of their daughter in exchange for financial gains, also referred to as a contractual marriage, which is a form of trafficking in human beings. States parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography have explicit obligations with regard to child and/or forced marriages that include dowry payments or bride prices because they could constitute a sale of children as defined in article 2 (a) of the Protocol. The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has repeatedly stressed that allowing marriage to be arranged by such payment or preferment violates the right to freely choose a spouse and has in its general recommendation No. 29 outlined that such practice should not be required for a marriage to be valid and that such agreements should not be recognized by a State party as enforceable.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- [States parties should:] Eliminate differences in the standards of fault for wives and for husbands, such as requiring proof of greater infidelity by a husband than by a wife as a basis for divorce.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- [States parties should:] Revise provisions linking grounds for divorce and financial consequences in order to eliminate opportunities for husbands to abuse these provisions and thereby to avoid any financial obligations towards their wives.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- A number of States parties retain discriminatory systems of property management during the marriage. Some retain laws stating that the man is the head of the household, thus giving him the role of sole economic agent as well.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. Article 16.2
- Paragraph text
- [Article 16] The betrothal and the marriage of a child shall have no legal effect, and all necessary action, including legislation, shall be taken to specify a minimum age for marriage and to make the registration of marriages in an official registry compulsory.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 1994
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- This is an area where much has already been achieved. In Malawi, for example, the parliament adopted in 2015 the Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Bill, which raised the minimum age of marriage to 18 years of age. The social mobilization around this process and the important partnership developed with traditional leaders helped to raise awareness of the new law and achieve important results, including a landmark initiative led by a female traditional chief that led to the annulment of 330 child marriages in a single district.
- Organe
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Type de document
- SRSG report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- International and regional human rights mechanisms have to date developed an extensive body of jurisprudence on practices that amount to physical or psychological torture or ill-treatment, including but not limited to punching, kicking, beatings, electrocution, forms of suffocation, burns, use of firearms, mock executions, threats of reprisals against relatives, death threats, restraints in very painful conditions, rape, sexual abuse and humiliation, sleep deprivation, prolonged stress positions, prolonged solitary confinement, incommunicado detention, sensory deprivation, exposure to extreme temperatures or loud music for prolonged periods, dietary adjustments, blindfolding and hooding during questioning, prolonged questioning sessions, removal of clothing, deprivation of all comfort and religious items and exploitation of phobias during questioning (see A/HRC/13/39/Add.5; A/52/44; CCPR/C/USA/CO/3/Rev.1; CAT/C/USA/CO/2; and CAT/C/KAZ/CO/3). Deplorably, such illegal methods have often been combined with poor conditions of detention - which can alone amount to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment in themselves - to exert additional psychological pressure on detainees to reveal information. The Special Rapporteur recalls that the physical environment and conditions during questioning must be adequate, humane and free from intimidation, so as not to run afoul of the prohibition of torture or ill-treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Servile marriage 2012, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- As a result of cultural beliefs, girls and women with dual nationality are sometimes abducted by their families from one country and forced to marry men from their parents' country of origin. This has happened in the United Kingdom to women from Asian diaspora communities. The Governments involved have worked through consular assistance and judicial proceedings to provide victims with effective remedies. In 2005, the United Kingdom set up a forced marriage unit under the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Home Office to tackle the issue.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2012
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Harmful practices (joint General Recommendation with CEDAW) 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- While many States parties have chosen to ban polygamy, it continues to be practised in some countries, whether legally or illegally. Although throughout history polygamous family systems have been functional in some agricultural societies as a way of ensuring larger labour forces for individual families, studies have shown that polygamy actually often results in increased poverty in the family, especially in rural areas.
- Organe
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2014
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- States parties should provide for separating the principles and procedure dissolving the marriage relationship from those relating to the economic aspects of the dissolution. Free legal aid should be provided to women who do not have the means to pay for court costs and attorney fees, so as to ensure that no woman is forced to forgo her economic rights to obtain a divorce.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2017, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- There has been progress on these issues in Malawi, including the adoption in 2015 of the Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Act, which increased the minimum age of marriage to 18 years; the Government's commitment, in November 2016, to align the Constitution with that legislation and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; and the crucial role played by traditional leaders in mobilizing their communities to prevent the early and forced marriage of girls and to ensure their return to school to pursue their education.
- Organe
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Type de document
- SRSG report
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Année
- 2017
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Many women are subjected to violence by their husbands, but also by their husbands' families. For examples, in countries where "bride price/dowry" is still practised, spouses and in-law family members believe they have purchased the bride and are therefore entitled to subject their "property" to violence and other forms of ill-treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2011
- Date ajouter
- 19 août 2019
Paragraphe