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Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 15i
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to justiciability, the Committee recommends that States parties:] Ensure that women human rights defenders are able to gain access to justice and receive protection from harassment, threats, retaliation and violence.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Gender
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- The protection of journalists and combating impunity requires context-specific measures that address the specific risks in each situation and effectively addresses the root causes of attacks. While there are many organizations committed to ensuring the protection of journalists at all levels, there has not been much collaboration and joint strategies adopted at the international level. The Special Rapporteur thus welcomes the initiative to draft a United Nations joint Plan of Action on the Protection of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity and looks forward to its effective implementation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Citizen journalists have come to play an increasingly important role in gathering and disseminating news, in particular in countries where press freedom is restricted, or in a disaster or conflict zone where professional journalists may not be present. While they cannot replace professionally trained journalists, they contribute to the public's access to a richer diversity of views, opinions and information. Like professional journalists, and for the same reasons, citizen journalists are subjected to acts of harassment and intimidation, including death threats, arbitrarily arrested and detained, prosecuted and sentenced to imprisonment and/or to harsh fines, and even assassinated. However, they enjoy less protection than professional journalists, as they do not have the support of media organizations and networks, and lack recognition as professional journalists.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- The precarious situation of journalists is further exacerbated by a culture of impunity. Failure to undertake effective investigations and to prosecute those responsible for attacks against journalists perpetrates further violence and undermines the ability of journalists to report on similar matters in the future.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Impunity for those who attack and/or kill journalists remains a central obstacle to guaranteeing the protection of journalists. The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned that perpetrators have enjoyed total impunity in 94 per cent of cases in which journalists were murdered in 2009, and in only 2 per cent of cases of attacks against journalists in 2009 were the offences tried before the competent authorities and the perpetrators and instigators prosecuted.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The use of encryption and anonymity to exercise the rights to freedom of opinion and expression in the digital age 2015, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- States should promote strong encryption and anonymity. National laws should recognize that individuals are free to protect the privacy of their digital communications by using encryption technology and tools that allow anonymity online. Legislation and regulations protecting human rights defenders and journalists should also include provisions enabling access and providing support to use the technologies to secure their communications.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Most important, the Special Rapporteur urges all States to end impunity for threats and attacks against and the murder of journalists, media professionals, associated personnel and citizen journalists. In particular, the Special Rapporteur calls upon the 12 countries with the highest rates of impunity (see para. 29 above) to investigate all violations thoroughly and to prosecute the perpetrators.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- Laws that criminalize expression continue to be used by States to imprison journalists who disseminate "inconvenient" information. Journalists may be arrested and detained, particularly in the run-up to elections, often on the basis of vague anti-terrorist or national security laws. The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned that the current number of journalists in prison is the highest since 1996. Criminal prosecution of journalists creates a "chilling effect" that stifles reporting on issues of public interest.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
The right to freedom of opinion and expression in electoral contexts 2014, para. 83b
- Paragraph text
- [Accountability mechanisms are a crucial means of ensuring that regulatory frameworks are enforced and abuses of power are rectified. Impunity is a root cause of the lack of safety faced by journalists. In the context of promoting free expression during electoral processes, States should:] Guarantee the safety of journalists and media workers; legislative and policy measures must be adopted to prevent attacks against journalists and to eradicate impunity in relation to episodes of violence and intimidation;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- It is also worrying that the number of journalists forced into exile as a result of attacks, threats and possible imprisonment doubled between 2009 and 2010 compared with the previous year. While the host Government has the obligation to respect and to ensure the rights of all individuals within its territory, regardless of nationality or other grounds, the Special Rapporteur reiterates the obligation of all States to guarantee the protection of journalists and others who exercise their right to freedom of expression in their own countries in the first place.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The implications of States’ surveillance of communications on the exercise of the human rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression 2013, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- States cannot ensure that individuals are able to freely seek and receive information or express themselves without respecting, protecting and promoting their right to privacy. Privacy and freedom of expression are interlinked and mutually dependent; an infringement upon one can be both the cause and consequence of an infringement upon the other. Without adequate legislation and legal standards to ensure the privacy, security and anonymity of communications, journalists, human rights defenders and whistleblowers, for example, cannot be assured that their communications will not be subject to States' scrutiny.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
The protection of sources and whistle-blowers 2015, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- National legal frameworks must protect the confidentiality of sources of journalists and of others who may engage in the dissemination of information of public interest. Laws guaranteeing confidentiality must reach beyond professional journalists, including those who may be performing a vital role in providing wide access to information of public interest such as bloggers, "citizen journalists", members of non-governmental organizations, authors and academics, all of whom may conduct research and disclose information in the public interest. Protection should be based on function, not on a formal title.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur commends the courageous work of journalists and citizen journalists, who often risk their lives to inform the public. The Special Rapporteur encourages journalists and citizen journalists to uphold the highest standards of professional conduct and to report honestly, objectively and in an ethically responsible and independent manner, so as to enhance their credibility and protection.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and media freedom 2012, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- To combat impunity and to prevent human rights violations against journalists, States must take measures to facilitate awareness among the judiciary, journalists and civil society of the relevant international standards and show willingness to work towards the implementation of these standards.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Protection of journalists and press freedom 2010, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur encourages journalists and citizen journalists, should they encounter any human rights violations as a result of their work, to document them and to submit complaints to him by e-mail, at urgent-action@ohchr.org.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 92h
- Paragraph text
- In this regard, the Special Rapporteur reiterates recommendations made in previous reports to the extent that they are applicable to this context, and makes the following recommendations to States: (h) Use ordinary provisions of the Criminal Code to prosecute extremist or terrorist acts and refrain from enacting legislation that specifically targets religious activities, religious organizations, civil society, human rights defenders and activists;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Global trends in risks and threats facing human rights defenders 2015, para. 93a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States adopt the following measures:] Do more to disseminate the work of defenders and to support their work through campaigns and specific communication and information activities that pay tribute, in particular, to the contributions made by certain categories of defender, such as women; defenders of the rights of lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons; defenders working in the area of corporate social responsibility and land-related rights; defenders of the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples; and defenders who combat impunity and corruption;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- When the Special Rapporteur took up his functions in 2014, he knew that the expectations regarding his mandate were at least as great as the threats to the individuals who defend human rights and freedoms. He sought to open new doors and to push the limits of the mandate. Having benefited from a vast number of meetings and activities conducted over the past three years, he would like to continue and intensify these initiatives and give them time to bear fruit. The activities covered in this report therefore represent a work in progress. The Special Rapporteur is particularly keen to strengthen initiatives to improve the implementation of recommendations and resolutions on the protection of defenders. To that end, he would like to develop tools to measure their implementation and to focus on strengthening the capacities of national actors to act on recommendations and resolutions and make them a reality on the ground.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Security and protection of human rights defenders 2010, para. 114a
- Paragraph text
- [Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur:] Urges States to: Decriminalize defamation and libel.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Large-scale development project and human rights defenders 2013, para. 82b
- Paragraph text
- [In the context of the post-2015 development agenda, States should:] Recognize the important role of human rights defenders in developing and implementing the post-2015 development agenda in the outcome document, and also recognize the right of defenders to participate in such processes, monitor progress, hold those responsible to account at the national and local levels and be protected from violations in this context.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Vision and Working Methods of the Mandate 2014, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- As the central function of the mandate is the protection of the rights of human rights defenders, the Special Rapporteur will place a greater emphasis on the aspects of his duties having to do with promotion of those rights. He will focus his attention on good practices relating to the protection of human rights defenders and to the promotion of the defence of those rights, and on achieving extensive awareness of the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Global trends in risks and threats facing human rights defenders 2015, para. 96c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur encourages the United Nations to:] Strengthen knowledge of, and attention to, defender issues in United Nations bureaux and regional and country offices. Provide training to officials in those entities regarding the mechanisms for the protection of defenders and the needs of certain specific groups of defenders; Ensure that resident coordinators systematically provide assistance and protection to human rights defenders who are threatened;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Women human rights defenders and those working on women’s rights or gender issues 2011, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that member States:] Ensure that violations against women defenders and those working on women's rights or gender issues committed by State and non-State agents are promptly and impartially investigated and that those responsible are punished in an appropriate manner. Fighting impunity is essential for the security of this group of defenders;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
On the Declaration on human rights defenders 2011, para. 97b
- Paragraph text
- [Regarding registration laws and procedures, the Special Rapporteur recommends that:] Laws governing the creation, registration and functioning of civil society organizations be written and establish clear, consistent and simple criteria to be met in order to register. Non-governmental organizations that meet the prescribed criteria should be immediately able to register as legal entities;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur would like to make the following recommendations.] [To States] Ensure prompt and independent investigation of all violations of the rights of defenders, the prosecution of alleged perpetrators regardless of their status, and provide victims of violations with access to justice and just and effective remedies, including appropriate compensation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Selected groups of defenders at risk: journalists and media workers, defenders working on land and environment issues; and youth and student defenders 2012, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- States should combat impunity for attacks and violations against these defenders, particularly by non-State actors and those acting in collusion with them, by ensuring prompt and impartial investigations into allegations and appropriate redress and reparation to victims.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Elements of a safe and enabling environment for human rights defenders 2014, para. 131e
- Paragraph text
- [Member States should:] Ensure that violations by State and non-State actors against defenders, particularly women defenders, are promptly and impartially investigated, and ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice. Furthermore, provide material resources to ensure the physical and psychological protection of defenders, including through gender-sensitive polices and mechanisms;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Women
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur hopes that the present report will contribute to raising awareness of the responsibility of non-State actors to comply with the provisions of the Declaration on human rights defenders. It is paramount that non-State actors acknowledge the important role of defenders in ensuring the full enjoyment of all human rights by everyone. Non-State actors, including private companies, could play a key role in the promotion and protection of the rights and activities of human rights defenders.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Large-scale development project and human rights defenders 2013, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Communities and those defending their rights play a crucial role in shaping development policies and projects that are people-centred and non-discriminatory by impeding economic and political elites to monopolize the development of such policies and projects. Human rights defenders are key for ensuring the effective implementation of a human rights-based approach to development, as outlined above, which is why they should be able to carry out their activities without fear of intimidation or harassment of any sort. This is particularly relevant in the context of the discussion on the post-2015 development agenda. Civil society is calling for meaningful participation, higher levels of accountability from Governments and international institutions and the protection of human rights under the rule of law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 85b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Implement resolutions on the protection of defenders and monitor their continued implementation;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Activists
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe