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A world fit for children 2002, para. 37.13
- Paragraph text
- [To achieve these goals and targets, taking into account the best interests of the child, consistent with national laws, religious and ethical values and cultural backgrounds of the people, and in conformity with all human rights and fundamental freedoms, we will carry out the following strategies and actions:] Improve the nutrition of mothers and children, including adolescents, through household food security, access to basic social services and adequate caring practices.
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2002
Paragraphe
Article 6: The right to life 1982, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, the Committee has noted that the right to life has been too often narrowly interpreted. The expression “inherent right to life” cannot properly be understood in a restrictive manner, and the protection of this right requires that States adopt positive measures. In this connection, the Committee considers that it would be desirable for States parties to take all possible measures to reduce infant mortality and to increase life expectancy, especially in adopting measures to eliminate malnutrition and epidemics.
- Organe
- Human Rights Committee
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Année
- 1982
Paragraphe
Droits de l’enfant: le droit de l’enfant de jouir du meilleur état de santé possible (2013), para. 038
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- 11. Engage tous les États et, s’il y a lieu, les organisations internationales concernées, à lutter contre toutes les formes de malnutrition et à appuyer les plans et programmes nationaux qui visent à améliorer la nutrition des ménages démunis, en particulier les plans et programmes de lutte contre la malnutrition des mères et des enfants et ceux axés sur les effets irréversibles de la malnutrition chronique dans la petite enfance, de la gestation à la deuxième année, et à réaffirmer le droit qu’a chacun de disposer d’aliments sains et nutritifs, dans l’exercice du droit à une nourriture suffisante et du droit fondamental d’être à l’abri de la faim de manière à pouvoir se développer et entretenir pleinement ses capacités physiques et mentales;
- Thèmes
- L'alimentation & la nutrition
- Santé
- Personnes concernées
- Enfants
- Nourrissons
Paragraphe
Droits de l’enfant: le droit de l’enfant de jouir du meilleur état de santé possible (2013), para. 040
- Paragraph text
- 13. Accueille avec satisfaction le plan d’application exhaustif sur la nutrition chez la mère, le nourrisson et le jeune enfant, adopté le 26 mai 2012 par l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé à la soixante-cinquième Assemblée mondiale de la santé, et les cibles et dates butoir qui y figurent, et engage vivement les États et, s’il y a lieu, les organisations internationales, les partenaires et le secteur privé à mettre en place les dispositifs voulus pour garantir contre d’éventuels conflits d’intérêts et à mettre le plan d’application exhaustif en pratique;
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Youth
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Pesticides can also pass through breast milk. This is particularly worrying, as breast milk is the only source of food for many babies and their metabolism is not well developed to fight against hazardous chemicals. Pesticides are also found in baby formula, or in the water with which it is mixed.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- One of the most catastrophic incidents involving pesticides occurred in 1984 in Bhopal, India, where approximately 45 tons of methyl isocyanate gas leaked from a Union Carbide plant as a result of negligence, immediately killing thousands of people and resulting in serious health issues and premature deaths for tens of thousands living in the vicinity. Epidemiological studies conducted soon after the accident showed significant increases in pregnancy loss, infant mortality, decreased fetal weight, chromosomal abnormalities, impaired associate learning and respiratory illnesses.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107e
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Enact safety measures to ensure adequate protections for pregnant women, children and other groups who are particularly susceptible to pesticide exposure;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Le droit à l’alimentation (2017), para. 41
- Document
- Paragraph text
- 11. Demande à tous les États et, selon qu’il conviendra, aux organisations internationales compétentes, de prendre des mesures et d’appuyer des programmes visant à combattre la dénutrition des mères, surtout durant la grossesse, et des enfants, ainsi que les effets irréversibles de la dénutrition chronique pendant la petite enfance, en particulier de la naissance à l’âge de 2 ans ;
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
Paragraphe
Le droit à l’alimentation (2018), para. 44
- Document
- Paragraph text
- 11. Demande à tous les États et, selon qu’il conviendra, aux organisations internationales compétentes, de prendre des mesures et d’appuyer des programmes visant à combattre la dénutrition des mères, surtout durant la grossesse, et des enfants, ainsi que les effets irréversibles de la dénutrition chronique pendant la petite enfance, en particulier de la naissance à l’âge de 2 ans ;
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
Paragraphe
Le droit à l’alimentation (2019), para. 49
- Document
- Paragraph text
- 11. Demande à tous les États et, selon qu’il conviendra, aux organisations internationales compétentes, de prendre des mesures et d’appuyer des programmes visant à combattre la dénutrition des mères, surtout durant la grossesse, et des enfants, ainsi que les effets irréversibles de la dénutrition chronique pendant la petite enfance, en particulier de la naissance à l’âge de 2 ans ;
- Thèmes
- L'alimentation & la nutrition
- Santé
- Personnes concernées
- Enfants
- Nourrissons
Paragraphe
Le droit à l’alimentation (2020), para. 52
- Document
- Paragraph text
- 11. Demande à tous les États et, selon qu’il conviendra, aux organisations internationales compétentes, de prendre des mesures et d’appuyer des programmes visant à combattre la dénutrition des mères, surtout durant la grossesse et l’allaitement, et des enfants, ainsi que les effets irréversibles de la dénutrition chronique pendant la petite enfance, en particulier de la naissance à l ’âge de 2 ans ;
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
Paragraphe
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Inadequate quantities and poor nutritional value of foods is an issue in many countries. It can result in starvation and malnourishment, including for pregnant or nursing women; it can become a commodity traded for sex; denial of food can be used as a form of punishment; because of limited quantities, it can lead to fights; and the poor quality and nutritional value may endanger the health of inmates, including impacting the ability of mothers to breastfeed babies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 8.15b
- Paragraph text
- [The objectives are:] To improve the health and nutritional status of infants and children;
- Organe
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Type de document
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 8.18
- Paragraph text
- For infants and children to receive the best nutrition and for specific protection against a range of diseases, breast-feeding should be protected, promoted and supported. By means of legal, economic, practical and emotional support, mothers should be enabled to breast-feed their infants exclusively for four to six months without food or drink supplementation and to continue breast- feeding infants with appropriate and adequate complementary food up to the age of two years or beyond. To achieve these goals, Governments should promote public information on the benefits of breast-feeding; health personnel should receive training on the management of breast-feeding; and countries should examine ways and means to implement fully the WHO International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes.
- Organe
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Type de document
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 1994
Paragraphe
Right to food 2012, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States and, if appropriate, relevant international organizations to take measures and support programmes which are aimed at combating undernutrition in mothers, in particular during pregnancy, and children and the irreversible effects of chronic undernutrition in early childhood, in particular from birth to the age of two years;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Right to food 2013, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States and, if appropriate, relevant international organizations to take measures and support programmes which are aimed at combating undernutrition in mothers, in particular during pregnancy, and children and the irreversible effects of chronic undernutrition in early childhood, in particular from birth to the age of 2 years;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Right to food 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States and, if appropriate, relevant international organizations to take measures and support programmes that are aimed at combating undernutrition in mothers, in particular during pregnancy, and children and the irreversible effects of chronic undernutrition in early childhood, in particular from birth to the age of 2 years;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Right to food 2015, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States and, if appropriate, relevant international organizations to take measures and support programmes that are aimed at combating undernutrition in mothers, in particular during pregnancy, and in children, and the irreversible effects of chronic undernutrition in early childhood, in particular from birth to the age of 2 years;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the growing threat of malnutrition in all its forms and its negative impacts on economic development, universal health and efforts to reduce inequality, the international community has taken major initiatives to ensure global policy action. The World Health Organization (WHO) global targets to improve maternal, infant and young child nutrition by 2025, the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases 2013-2020 and the political commitments made at the Second International Conference on Nutrition, in 2014, to ensure the right of everyone to safe, sufficient and nutritious food are encouraging responses. It is now also recognized that nutrition plays a crucial role in fulfilling the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, there were 41 million overweight children under the age of 5. If this trend continues, 70 million infants and young children will be overweight or obese by 2025. Economic and cultural factors contribute to childhood obesity. Energy-dense foods are often more affordable and aggressively marketed towards children, while some cultures may associate higher weights in children with being healthy.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Breastfeeding is a powerful influence on child survival and development and prevention of child malnutrition. It provides optimal nutrition for young infants, reducing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases and contributing to obesity prevention. Breastfed babies are protected from illnesses through the mother's antibodies, while those who are not are exposed to increased chances of malnutrition, non-communicable diseases and suboptimal cognitive development. In addition, infant formula and other breast milk substitutes can cause poor growth or illness if water quality and hygiene standards are not met.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- WHO recommends breastfeeding within one hour of birth and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods should be introduced at 6 months of age, together with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond. Yet only about 36 per cent of infants between 0 and 6 months old are exclusively breastfed. In high-income countries, fewer than one in five infants are breastfed for 12 months, and only two out of three children between 6 months and 2 years of age receive breast milk in low- and middle-income countries. These rates have not improved in two decades. In addition, few children receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods. A total of 823,000 children's lives could be saved yearly if all children between 0 and 23 months were optimally breastfed. One of the major obstacles to breastfeeding is the misleading marketing by baby food companies of breast milk substitutes and the lack of corporate accountability for the adverse consequences of such abuses.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In 2011 the WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non Communicable Diseases initiated action to tackle malnutrition comprehensively, including unbalanced nutrition and obesity. In 2012, the World Health Assembly endorsed six global nutrition targets to improve maternal, infant and young child nutrition by 2025. Commitment to reach those targets was reaffirmed at the Second International Conference on Nutrition, held in Rome in 2014.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition is one of the leading private networks focusing on malnutrition reduction, mainly through fortification, supported largely by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Several allegations of conflict of interest have been made against the Alliance. In particular, organizations working to address infant malnutrition questioned whether its work was motivated primarily by efforts to open new markets for its members. An effective, independent evaluation mechanism is needed for balancing private sector involvement in nutrition policies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Infants
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Children and pregnant and lactating women enjoy even further protections. The Convention on the Rights of the Child confirms that, to ensure the full implementation of a child's right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health, States must take appropriate measures to combat disease and malnutrition through, inter alia, the provision of "adequate nutritious foods" (art. 24 (2) (c)) and that in case of need they must provide material assistance and support programmes, including with regard to nutrition (art. 27 (3)). The Convention also calls for the protection and promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to 6 months of age, and for breastfeeding to continue alongside appropriate complementary foods preferably until 2 years of age.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The protection and promotion of breastfeeding is also enshrined in the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, adopted by the World Health Assembly in 1981. The Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, adopted in 2002, sets out the obligations of States to develop, implement, monitor and evaluate comprehensive national policies addressing infant and young child feeding, accompanied by a detailed action plan.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- In the technical guidance on the application of a human rights-based approach to the implementation of policies and programmes to reduce and eliminate preventable mortality and morbidity of children under 5 years of age (A/HRC/27/31) Member States are urged to regulate private actors over which they exercise control, including producers and marketers of breast milk substitutes and other relevant companies (para. 70 (g)). The Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its general comment No. 15, also calls upon private companies to comply with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and relevant World Health Assembly resolutions. In its most recent resolution on ending inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children, adopted in May 2016, the World Health Assembly called upon manufacturers and distributors of foods for infants and young children to end all forms of inappropriate promotion.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 99m
- Paragraph text
- [With a view to respecting, protecting and fulfilling the right to adequate food and nutrition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that:] The Human Rights Council endorse the WHO guidance on ending the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children, presented at the World Health Assembly in May 2016.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Youth
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- After birth, adequate nutrition can be supported by the initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding through to the second year of life, nutritional supplementation and ensuring the availability of and access to healthy and culturally appropriate diets for infants and young children, including by improving food security. Infant and young child feeding is a key area in improving child survival and promoting healthy growth and development. The first two years of a child's life are particularly important, as optimal nutrition during this period lowers morbidity and mortality, reduces the risk of chronic disease and fosters better development overall.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Infants
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 39d
- Paragraph text
- [States parties should safeguard the right of rural women and girls to adequate health care, and ensure:] The systematic and regular monitoring of the health and nutritional status of pregnant women and new mothers, especially adolescent mothers, and their infants. In case of malnutrition or lack of access to clean water, extra food rations and drinking water should be provided systematically throughout pregnancy and lactation;
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe