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Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- It is important to reiterate that although witchcraft per se should not be criminalized, any killing of persons for the use of body parts in witchcraft-related practices such as muti or juju should be prosecuted. To do so, it is necessary to ensure that legal provisions criminalize a broad range of attacks and assaults, as well as criminalize the possession and trafficking of body parts. Linking such a criminal action to muti and juju would be challenging, given the difficulty in establishing objective evidentiary standards. Nonetheless, where evidence substantially supports the proposition that muti and juju were the purpose of the criminal activity, States could consider including that factor as an aggravating circumstance leading to a heavier sentence and ultimately deter crime incentivized by witchcraft. Non-legal tools such as public education and sociocultural interventions with stakeholders would also be necessary to complement such legal practice in dissuading muti, juju and all crimes related to witchcraft.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In the public interest, it is also important that States ensure adequate standards for traditional medicine. There must be minimum requirements for all practitioners, regardless of whether they are affiliated with an organization. The standards must be in line with established human rights norms, without compromising the core principles of availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of goods and services. The obligation on States also extends to ensuring that practitioners do not conduct harmful practices, including the use of body parts of persons with albinism for muti or juju.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Although belief in, and practice of, witchcraft can be associated in certain cases with empowerment, healing and cleansing, attacks and use of body parts of persons with albinism, regardless of the purpose for which they are used, cannot under any circumstances be considered an elemental part of any legitimate practice, whether linked to witchcraft or to traditional medicine, because such acts inherently constitute criminal activity and other human rights violations. Consequently, they cannot be justified on the basis of tradition, traditional medicine, or any other ground.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Mandate holders have consistently maintained that, conceptually, the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is not confined to acts carried out against persons deprived of their liberty, but also covers excessive police violence, such as during arrest and the policing of assemblies, or even torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment by acquiescence, namely, when States violate their due diligence obligation to combat ill-treatment at the hands of non-State actors, including harmful traditional practices, such as female genital mutilation, domestic violence and trafficking in human beings (A/HRC/13/39, summary. See also A/HRC/28/68/Add.4, para. 27 (protests); A/HRC/31/57, paras. 51-53 (sexual violence); E/CN.4/2006/6, para. 38 (police powers); A/HRC/13/39, para. 61 (arrests); and E/CN.4/1997/7, paras. 122-123 (police brutality)). Similarly, in reference to extra-custodial settings, the Human Rights Council has expressed concern about the use of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment against persons exercising their freedoms of peaceful assembly, of expression and of association in all regions of the world (see Human Rights Council resolution 25/38).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Encourages States to consider presenting, during the universal periodic review, relevant recommendations on measures to eliminate female genital mutilation;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Invites the Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Accelerating Change of the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Children’s Fund to continue to develop the national capacities of States and local communities for the effective implementation of inclusive policies, programmes and action plans to eliminate female genital mutilation at the local, national, and regional levels, while encouraging States and development cooperation agencies to consider increasing their financial support for the Joint Programme;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Recalling the inter-agency global strategy initiated in 2010 by the World Health Organization to stop health-care providers from performing female genital mutilation,
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- Recalling also its resolution 27/22 of 26 September 2014 on intensifying global efforts and sharing good practices to effectively eliminate female genital mutilation,
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Stresses that some progress has been made in combating female genital mutilation in a number of countries using a common coordinated approach that promotes positive social change at the community, national, regional and international levels, and recalls the goal set out in the United Nations inter-agency statement that female genital mutilation is to be eliminated within a generation, with some of the main achievements being obtained by 2030, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon States to ensure that national action plans and strategies on the elimination of female genital mutilation are comprehensive and multidisciplinary in scope and that they include projected timelines for goals and incorporate clear targets and indicators for the effective monitoring, impact assessment and coordination of programmes among all relevant stakeholders and promote their participation, including the participation of affected groups, practising communities and non-governmental organizations, in the development, implementation and evaluation of such plans and strategies;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 49d
- Paragraph text
- [States parties have a core obligation to ensure, at the very least, minimum essential levels of satisfaction of the right to sexual and reproductive health. In this regard, States parties should be guided by contemporary human rights instruments and jurisprudence, as well as the most current international guidelines and protocols established by United Nations agencies, in particular WHO and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The core obligations include at least the following:] To enact and enforce the legal prohibition of harmful practices and gender based violence, including female genital mutilation, child and forced marriage and domestic and sexual violence, including marital rape, while ensuring privacy, confidentiality and free, informed and responsible decision-making, without coercion, discrimination or fear of violence, in relation to the sexual and reproductive needs and behaviours of individuals;
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 72f
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to abuses in health-care settings, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to:] Effectively monitor and regulate practices by public and private actors in health-care and educational settings to ensure the eradication of prohibited practices including, inter alia, the denial of maternal health care and compulsory medical examinations such as forced pregnancy and virginity testing, and investigate, prosecute and punish perpetrators;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- It is also important to undertake preventive, promotional and remedial action to shield all individuals from the harmful practices and norms and gender-based violence that deny them their full sexual and reproductive health, such as female genital mutilation, child and forced marriage and domestic and sexual violence, including marital rape, among other things. States parties must put in place laws, policies and programmes to prevent, address and remediate violations of the right of all individuals to autonomous decision-making on matters regarding their sexual and reproductive health, free from violence, coercion and discrimination.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Children
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 74b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to harmful practices, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to:] Implement legislation that prohibits all forms of female genital mutilation at all levels, including in State-run and private medical facilities; prosecute and hold accountable health-care professionals, community leaders and other public officials who perpetrate or condone the practice or refuse to implement relevant laws; and concomitantly raise awareness and mobilize public opinion against female genital mutilation through community-based programmes and educational campaigns;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Vision for the mandate 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The appearance that ensues in albinism, in particular the lack of melanin in the skin, eyes and hair, exposes tens of thousands of persons to stigma and discrimination across the world. It is reported that, in Africa, attacks directed at persons with albinism are usually carried out with machetes, resulting in severe mutilation or death. In most cases, the persons attacked are dismembered; body parts such as fingers, arms, legs, eyes, genitals, skin, bones, the head and hair have been severed from the body and taken. In several of those cases, body parts have been hacked off while the person was alive. Reportedly, there is a corollary witchcraft belief that it is preferable to harvest body parts from live victims because screams increase the potency of the potion for which the parts are used. Possible human sacrifices of persons with albinism have also been reported, including through immolation.
- Organe
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Accusatorial models of questioning tend to be confession driven and characterized by a de facto presumption of guilt and the use of confrontation and psychological manipulation. Common manipulative techniques are coercive in nature and likely to impair the free will, judgment and memory of interviewees. Threats, inducements, misleading practices, protracted or suggestive questioning and the use of drugs or hypnosis are examples of problematic practices. Demeaning or condescending comments or accusations based on individual qualities or cultural identities are also of concern.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Also calls upon States to support, as part of a comprehensive approach to eliminate female genital mutilation, programmes that engage local community practitioners of female genital mutilation in community-based initiatives for the elimination of the practice, including, where relevant, the identification by communities of alternative livelihoods for them;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon the international community to strongly support, including through increased financial support, a third phase of the Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Accelerating Change of the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Children's Fund, which will run until 2020, as well as national programmes focused on the elimination of female genital mutilation;
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing further the role of regional and subregional instruments and mechanisms in the prevention and elimination of female genital mutilation,
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Welcoming the efforts of the United Nations system to end female genital mutilation, in particular the commitment of 10 United Nations entities, announced in their joint inter-agency statement of 27 February 2008 on eliminating female genital mutilation, as well as the Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Accelerating Change of the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Children's Fund, to accelerate the elimination of the practice,
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing also that efforts at the local, national, regional and international levels have led to a decline in the global prevalence of female genital mutilation,
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon States to continue and intensify efforts to provide information and raise awareness about the harmful effects of female genital mutilation and about the continuing increase at the national and international levels in support for the elimination of the practice, and to organize activities within this framework during the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation with the involvement of religious and traditional authorities, which make the movement to end female genital mutilation more visible;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Education
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Welcoming the establishment by the United Nations of the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, on 6 February, the theme of which is, in 2016, achieving the new global goals through the elimination of female genital mutilation by 2030,
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment 2016, para. 72h
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to abuses in health-care settings, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States to:] Adopt transparent and accessible legal gender recognition procedures and abolish requirements for sterilization and other harmful procedures as preconditions;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon States to provide assistance to victims of female genital mutilation, including through support services for treatment of its physical, physiological and psychological consequences;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Concerned about evidence of an increase in the incidence of female genital mutilation being carried out by medical personnel in all regions in which it is practised,
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Deeply concerned also that a tremendous gap in resources continues to exist and that the shortfall in funding has severely limited the scope and pace of programmes and activities for the elimination of female genital mutilation,
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe