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Titre | Date ajouter | Modèle | Organe | Status juridique | Type de document | Année | Code du document | Document | Paragraph text | Thematics | Thèmes | Personnes concernées | Année |
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Extreme inequality and human rights | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2015 | A/HRC/29/31 | ||||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2014 | A/69/297 | ||||||
The UN responsibility for the cholera outbreak in Haiti | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2016 | A/71/367 | ||||||
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2017 | A/HRC/35/26 | ||||||
Human rights based approach to recovery from the global economic and financial crises, with a focus on those living in poverty | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2011 | A/HRC/17/34 | ||||||
Unpaid care work and women's human rights | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2013 | A/68/293 | ||||||
Penalization of people living in poverty | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2011 | A/66/265 | ||||||
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2010 | A/65/259 | ||||||
Social protection and old age poverty | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2010 | A/HRC/14/31 | ||||||
Taxation and human rightss | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2014 | A/HRC/26/28 | ||||||
The World Bank and human rights | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2015 | A/70/274 | ||||||
Marginality of economic and social rights | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2016 | A/HRC/32/31 | ||||||
Access to justice for people living in poverty | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2012 | A/67/278 | ||||||
The right to participation of people living in poverty | 19 août 2019 | Document | Rapporteur spécial sur l’extrême pauvreté et les droits de l’homme | Droit souple non-négocié | Rapport des procédures spéciales | 2013 | A/HRC/23/36 | ||||||
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 18 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | The right to self-determination, enshrined in both the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, expressly encompasses the rights of peoples (not the State or Government) to freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources. Considering that many natural resources are finite and non-renewable, this right needs to be protected with special care, taking into account the rights of future generations. At the very least, a State's population has a right to enjoy a fair share of the financial and social benefits that natural resources can bring. This requires ensuring participation, access to information and high standards of transparency and accountability in decision-making about the use of natural resources. Where indigenous peoples are involved, States have additional and specific obligations, including ensuring free, prior and informed consent in any decisions regarding the use of their lands. |
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| 2014 | ||||
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 74 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Penalization measures are often motivated by prejudices and negative stereotypes that ignore the realities of disadvantage and exclusion and fail to recognize the daily struggle of persons living in poverty to overcome the multiple obstacles they face. Poverty is not a lifestyle choice. Homeless persons would prefer safe, affordable, adequate housing to public parks and bus stations. Those struggling to survive on social benefits would rather have secure, regular, well-paying, productive employment than be subject to discrimination and live in constant fear that their entitlements will be taken away. One does not choose to live in poverty, and therefore should not be punished for that situation. |
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| 2011 | ||||
Human rights based approach to recovery from the global economic and financial crises, with a focus on those living in poverty 2011, para. 58 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Through a human rights-based recovery, States have the chance to embrace new and ambitious approaches to reducing inequality, eliminating poverty and creating stable societies and economies that will withstand future shocks. A human rights approach is the best way for States to rectify the persistent inequalities, exacerbated by successive crises, which have diminished social cohesion and increased feelings of insecurity and exclusion. Should these inequalities persevere, the result could be increasing social unrest and conflict, a reality that has been vividly illustrated across North Africa and the Middle East in recent months. |
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| 2011 | ||||
The right to participation of people living in poverty 2013, para. 42 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | People living in poverty experience discrimination on the grounds of poverty itself (E/C.12/GC/20, paras. 34-35), but also frequently due to membership in other disadvantaged sectors of the population, including but not limited to indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, ethnic minorities and people living with HIV/AIDS. Particular attention must be paid to upholding the right to equality between men and women. Thus, when designing, implementing and monitoring participatory processes, States must take into account the different experiences of men and women and gender power relations in the community. They must recognize the multiple forms of discrimination that women experience, and address women's specific needs throughout the different phases of their life cycle (childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age). Participatory processes must also acknowledge the responsibilities of care providers without reinforcing patterns of discrimination and negative stereotyping. |
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| 2013 | ||||
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 70 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Natural resources can be a vital source of revenue that the State can use to comply with its human rights obligations. The financial and social benefits of natural resource exploitation are, however, increasingly bypassing people in producing countries. In most countries, extractive industries generate few jobs directly and have only weak links to local markets. Far from bringing benefits, the exploitation of natural resources has been frequently linked to human rights abuse and encroachment on lands and livelihoods of communities, mass evictions, pollution and environmental degradation, which may result in violations of rights to health, food, housing and water. The right of people to participate in decisions regarding natural resources is often violated, especially where the land, territory and resources of indigenous peoples is concerned. |
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| 2014 | ||||
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 96 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | [States should:] |
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| 2012 | ||||
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 24 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | There are many examples of social protection programmes that directly target improvements in the school enrolment of children of beneficiary households by imposing conditionalities (co-responsibilities) related to school attendance and performance rates. Moreover, programmes that lack an explicit focus on schooling can also have a positive impact on the education level of children. For example, research shows that social pensions (non-contributory pensions for older persons) in Brazil, South Africa and Namibia have been used by grandparents to pay their grandchildren's school fees. |
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| 2010 | ||||
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 29 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Traditionally, States have privileged the establishment of contributory pension systems with the objective of achieving universal coverage once the formal sector expanded. Today, with a vast number of workers in the informal sector, this approach must be re-examined. Contributory systems have left the majority of the population unprotected when they reach old age. Estimates indicate that less than 20 per cent of older persons are covered by pensions today and only about 25 per cent of the labour force is currently contributing or accruing pension rights. |
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| 2010 | ||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 26 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | The report of the Social Protection Floor Advisory Group was especially critical of the Bank's approach and its critiques are still largely pertinent today. In the report, the Advisory Group noted that:
In the social safety net approach, social policies were considered as residual to economic development. The implementation of such measures was driven by the need to provide relief to the poor and vulnerable during structural reform by cushioning the effects of the structural adjustments and facilitating political support to them. These measures were generally temporary, fragmented and targeted to the poor and vulnerable in a needs-based framework. |
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| 2014 | ||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 23b | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | [At the international level, definitional issues continue to be controversial, especially in terms of whether social protection floors should be seen as a matter of human rights and whether they should be universal and unconditional. Before examining those dimensions, it is appropriate to take note of the approach reflected in ILO recommendation No. 202. As the culmination of many initiatives, both within and well beyond the ILO context, it has become the principal benchmark against which social protection floors should be designed, implemented and evaluated. The main elements of recommendation No. 202 are as follows:] Social protection floors are nationally defined, in a participatory manner, and reflect national priorities while respecting principles such as non-discrimination, gender equality and social inclusion; |
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| 2014 | ||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 16 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | Important initiatives include Bolsa Familia and Brasil Sem Miséria in Brazil, Oportunidades in Mexico, Asignación Universal por Hijo para protección social in Argentina, a social transfer scheme in Zambia, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in India, the Productive Safety Nets programme in Ethiopia, a universal pension scheme in Namibia and the provision of universal access to basic health services in Thailand. The programme in Brazil has grown from covering 3.6 million families in 2003 to 13.8 million in 2012, while a solidarity-based pension system in Chile went from 560,000 beneficiaries in 2008 to 1.1 million in 2012. In China, the Di bao reforms aim to create social insurance and assistance programmes to protect the entire population against economic insecurity and physical infirmity. Overall, there has, as the World Bank observes, been "an exponential growth in social safety nets, especially cash-based programs". |
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| 2014 | ||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 13 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | The emergence of the Social Protection Floor Initiative at the international level has been well documented. In telegraphic form, most analyses begin with the harsh adjustment policies associated with the "Washington Consensus" of the 1980s, the reaction to those policies by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and other actors, the World Summit for Social Development in 1995, the poverty reduction strategies championed by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), starting in the late 1990s, and the focus on poverty in the Millennium Development Goals. Social security then began to re-emerge as a priority concern, thanks in large part to the engagement of ILO. It launched a global campaign on social security in 2003, followed by the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization in 2004, along with a series of other steps endorsed by the International Labour Conference. |
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| 2014 | ||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 23f | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | [At the international level, definitional issues continue to be controversial, especially in terms of whether social protection floors should be seen as a matter of human rights and whether they should be universal and unconditional. Before examining those dimensions, it is appropriate to take note of the approach reflected in ILO recommendation No. 202. As the culmination of many initiatives, both within and well beyond the ILO context, it has become the principal benchmark against which social protection floors should be designed, implemented and evaluated. The main elements of recommendation No. 202 are as follows:] Implementation should be monitored regularly and periodically evaluated; |
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| 2014 | ||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 28 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | While the Bank has participated in the deliberations of the Social Protection Inter-Agency Cooperation Board, recent developments appear to confirm that it is doing so very largely on its own terms, built around risk management and safety nets, and remains reluctant to buy in to the Social Protection Floor Initiative in a meaningful way. Its response to that remark would doubtless be to point to the fact that 870 million of the 1.2 billion people living in extreme poverty, as defined by the Bank, are not covered even by safety nets. Under those circumstances, surely it is only prudent to begin with minimum aspirations? However, the Initiative envisages a gradual ratcheting up of aspirations, rather than the immediate introduction of full-blown social protection floors in low- or medium-income countries. |
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| 2014 | ||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 23g | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | [At the international level, definitional issues continue to be controversial, especially in terms of whether social protection floors should be seen as a matter of human rights and whether they should be universal and unconditional. Before examining those dimensions, it is appropriate to take note of the approach reflected in ILO recommendation No. 202. As the culmination of many initiatives, both within and well beyond the ILO context, it has become the principal benchmark against which social protection floors should be designed, implemented and evaluated. The main elements of recommendation No. 202 are as follows:] While social protection floors should be financed by national resources, international support should be available when needed. |
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| 2014 | ||||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 34 | 19 août 2019 | Paragraph | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Non-negotiated soft law | Special Procedures' report | The fact that none of these instruments refers per se to a "right to social protection" raises the question as to whether it should be considered an existing human right, or a new one. In the past, States have understandably been very sensitive about claims that new rights have emerged without requiring specific endorsement by the international community. In this instance, the standard approach of commentators is best summed up in the formulation that: "Social protection is a human right, enshrined in multiple sources of international law." In other words, no claims are needed for novelty, nor is it necessary to argue that the whole is more than the sum of the parts. The right to social protection is thus no more than a combination of the right to social security and the right to an adequate standard of living. Nevertheless, the packaging of those two rights into a single concept is important, both because it highlights the synergy between them and facilitates the development of a package of measures to achieve their shared objectives. |
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| 2014 |