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Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Eliminating domestic violence 2015, para. 8a
- Paragraph text
- [Calls upon States to take effective action to prevent domestic violence, including by:] Publicly condemning, addressing and penalizing the perpetrators of offences involving physical, sexual and psychological violence and economic deprivation occurring in the family, which encompasses but is not limited to battering, sexual abuse of women and girls in the household, incest, dowry-related violence, marital rape, partner violence, femicide, female infanticide, crimes committed against women and girls in the name of so-called “honour”, crimes committed in the name of passion, practices harmful to women and girls such as child, early and forced marriage, and female genital mutilation;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 1979, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- 2. The betrothal and the marriage of a child shall have no legal effect, and all necessary action, including legislation, shall be taken to specify a minimum age for marriage and to make the registration of marriages in an official registry compulsory.
- Organe
- United Nations General Assembly
- Type de document
- International treaty
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 1979
Paragraphe
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Servile marriage and domestic servitude are two forms of contemporary slavery that disproportionately affect women and girls. In a previous report, the Special Rapporteur defined servile marriage as an arrangement "in which a spouse is reduced to a commodity over whom any or all the powers of ownership are attached" (A/HRC/21/41, summary). Practices such as polygamy and "bride price", especially when coupled with the prevalence of domestic violence, are possible indicators of servile marriage. Women's bodies are directly tied to a family's honour in many cultures, and if a girl refuses to marry, "she can be subject to character assassination or kidnapping by the man or his family to force her into marriage or to rape her" (ibid., para. 71). There is little to no legal protection for women in these situations in many countries. Some countries have gone so far as to enact legislation that acquits perpetrators of rape if they marry their victim. If a woman enters into a servile marriage, she essentially becomes a slave to her husband and his family.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Child, early and forced marriage 2016, para. 6
- Document
- Paragraph text
- Further calls upon States and encourages other stakeholders to address gender stereotypes, discriminatory social norms and harmful practices that contribute to the acceptance and continuation of the practice of child, early and forced marriage, including by raising awareness of its harm and the cost to society at large and by providing opportunities for discussion, in this regard, among others, within communities, including with the involvement of girls and boys, women and men, religious, traditional and community leaders, and parents and other family members, on the benefits of ending child, early and forced marriage and ensuring that girls and boys receive an education;
- Organe
- Assemblée générale des Nations Unies
- Type de document
- Résolution
- Thèmes
- Droits sociaux et culturels
- Pratique préjudiciable
- Personnes concernées
- Enfants
- Familles
- Femmes
- Filles
- Garçons
- Hommes
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Child, early and forced marriage 2016, para. 7
- Document
- Paragraph text
- Recognizes that the child, for the full and harmonious development of his or her personality, should grow up in a family environment and in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding and that parents or, as the case may be, legal guardians, have the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child, acknowledging the need to support their capacity to prevent and eliminate child, early and forced marriage and reaffirming that the best interests of the child will be their basic concern;
- Organe
- Assemblée générale des Nations Unies
- Type de document
- Résolution
- Thèmes
- Droits sociaux et culturels
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Pratique préjudiciable
- Personnes concernées
- Enfants
- Familles
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Child, early and forced marriage in humanitarian settings 2017, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Encourages States to promote open dialogue with all parties concerned, including religious and community leaders, women, girls, men and boys, parents, legal guardians, and other family members, as well as humanitarian and development actors in order to address the concerns and specific needs of those at risk of child, early and forced marriage within humanitarian settings, and to address social norms, gender stereotypes and harmful practices that contribute to the acceptance and continuation of the practice of child, early and forced marriage, including by raising awareness of its harm to the victims and the cost to society at large;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Social norms can make a number of child rights violations acceptable and not recognized as violations. For example, child marriage for the payment of a high dowry is a form of sale, although in some societies it may be considered culturally acceptable. Transactional sex, in which sexual favours are exchanged for other favours, may not be immediately identified as prostitution. Violence against children may be seen as an educational practice. Customary law may also lead to arrangements between families "settling" cases of child sexual violence and exploitation without respect for the rights of the victim.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The demand for adoption has augmented concomitantly with a decrease in adoptable children, creating conditions for abuse, corruption, excessive fees amounting to sale, and the illegal adoption of children. Data from European countries shows that there has been a decrease since 2004 in intercountry adoptions, in particular owing to better child health, effective family policies, the strengthening of legal and institutional frameworks and the concerns of countries for their international image. Conversely, demand for adoption has not dropped, creating an environment conducive to abuse and leading to pressure on countries of origin, including through excessive costs by adoption agencies, briberies and corruption.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Conséquences des mariages d’enfants, mariages précoces et mariages forcés (2019), para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Conscient que la seule incrimination du mariage d’enfants, du mariage précoce et du mariage forcé ne suffit pas si elle ne s’accompagne de mesures complémentaires et de programmes d’appui, et qu’elle pourrait d’ailleurs contribuer à la marginalisation des familles concernées et à la perte de leurs moyens de subsistance, et avoir pour effet non désiré une augmentation du nombre d’unions informelles ou de mariages non enregistrés,
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The mandate has identified two main categories of violence against women in the family sphere: domestic violence and harmful and degrading practices that are violent to and/or subordinate women, whether justified on the basis of religious, customary or other societal laws and practices. The mandate has adopted a broad definition of the family that encompasses intimate-partner and interpersonal relationships, including non-cohabitating partners, previous partners and domestic workers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Many women are subjected to violence by their husbands, but also by their husbands' families. For examples, in countries where "bride price/dowry" is still practised, spouses and in-law family members believe they have purchased the bride and are therefore entitled to subject their "property" to violence and other forms of ill-treatment.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Some States parties that recognize polygamous marriages, under either religious or customary law, also provide for civil marriage, monogamous by definition. Where civil marriage is not provided for, women in communities that practice polygamy may have no choice but to enter into a marriage that is at least potentially, if not already, polygamous, regardless of their wishes. The Committee concluded in general recommendation No. 21 that polygamy is contrary to the Convention and must be "discouraged and prohibited".
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Registration of marriage protects the rights of spouses with regard to property issues upon dissolution of the marriage by death or divorce. The Convention obligates States parties to establish and fully implement a system of marriage registration. However, many States parties lack either a legal requirement of marriage registration or implementation of existing registration requirements, and in such instances individuals should not be penalized for failure to register, including where lack of education and infrastructure makes registration difficult.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- States parties should establish a legal requirement of marriage registration and conduct effective awareness-raising activities to that effect. They must provide for implementation through education about the requirements and provide infrastructure to make registration accessible to all persons within their jurisdiction. States parties should provide for establishing proof of marriage by means other than registration where circumstances warrant. The State must protect the rights of women in such marriages, regardless of their registration status.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The Committee reaffirms paragraph 14 of its general recommendation No. 21, which states that "polygamous marriage contravenes a woman's right to equality with men, and can have such serious emotional and financial consequences for her and her dependants that such marriages ought to be discouraged and prohibited". Since the adoption of this general recommendation, the Committee has consistently noted with concern the persistence of polygamous marriages in many States parties. In its concluding observations, the Committee has pointed to the grave ramifications of polygamy for the human rights and economic well-being of women and their children, and has consistently called for its abolition.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- States parties should take all legislative and policy measures needed to abolish polygamous marriages. Nevertheless, as stated by the Committee in its general recommendation No. 27, "polygamy is still practised in many States Parties, and many women are in polygamous unions". Accordingly, with regard to women in existing polygamous marriages, States parties should take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of the economic rights of women.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In general recommendation No. 21, paragraph 16, the Committee notes that some State parties "allow marriage to be arranged for payment or preferment", which is a violation of a woman's right to freely choose her spouse. "Payment or preferment" refers to transactions in which cash, goods or livestock are given to the bride or her family by the groom or his family, or when a similar payment is made by the bride or her family to the groom or his family. This practice should not be in any way required in order for a marriage to be valid, and such agreements should not be recognized by the State party as enforceable.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- A number of States parties retain discriminatory systems of property management during the marriage. Some retain laws stating that the man is the head of the household, thus giving him the role of sole economic agent as well.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- [States parties should:] Revise provisions linking grounds for divorce and financial consequences in order to eliminate opportunities for husbands to abuse these provisions and thereby to avoid any financial obligations towards their wives.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- [States parties should:] Eliminate differences in the standards of fault for wives and for husbands, such as requiring proof of greater infidelity by a husband than by a wife as a basis for divorce.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Some legal regimes require the wife or her family to return to the husband or his family any economic benefits in the form of payment or preferment, or other such payments that were an element of marriage formation, and do not impose equal economic requirements on a divorcing husband. States parties should eliminate any procedural requirement for payments to obtain a divorce that does not apply equally to husbands and wives.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- States parties should provide for separating the principles and procedure dissolving the marriage relationship from those relating to the economic aspects of the dissolution. Free legal aid should be provided to women who do not have the means to pay for court costs and attorney fees, so as to ensure that no woman is forced to forgo her economic rights to obtain a divorce.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution 2013, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Most laws, customs and practices relating to the financial consequences of marriage dissolution can be broadly classified into two categories: distribution of property and maintenance after divorce or separation. Property distribution and post-dissolution maintenance regimes often favour husbands regardless of whether laws appear neutral, owing to gendered assumptions relating to the classification of marital property subject to division, insufficient recognition of non-financial contributions, women's lack of legal capacity to manage property and gendered family roles. In addition, laws, customs and practices relating to the post-dissolution use of the family home and chattels clearly have an impact on women's post dissolution economic status.
- Organe
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Sexuality remains a taboo subject in many societies. Ignorance, apprehension and embarrassment contribute to parents' unwillingness to talk to their children about sex for fear of arousing their curiosity or encouraging sexual debauchery. The topic of sex is therefore discussed among youth, often of the same sex, between brothers and sisters, and sometimes with teachers (as part of sex education).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In some circumstances, early marriage is used as an economic survival strategy by poor families. Girls are given into marriage, often against their will and in exchange for a dowry, in order to settle the family's debts, to acquire land or even to settle disputes between families or clans.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The role of women in the family has generally been under patriarchal control in cultures and religions that subject women and girls to forced and/or early marriage and discrimination in a number of areas of family life, such as consent to enter into marriage, dowry obligations, the right to possess and manage property, sexual relations, requirements regarding modesty and freedom of movement, guardianship and custody of children, divorce and division of matrimonial assets, the punishment of adultery, the right to remarry following dissolution of the marriage or death of the husband, the status of widows and inheritance. In addition, women and girls are generally not treated equally in families with regard to the division of rights and responsibilities. Discrimination against women and girls in the family and in marriage affects all aspects of their lives.
- Organe
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the girl child 2007, para. 14.9.e
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission [...] urges Governments [...] to:] [14.9. Violence and discrimination] (e) Strengthen advocacy and rights-based awareness-raising programmes directed at eliminating all forms of violence and discrimination against girls by engaging girls and boys, parents and families, local community, political, religious and traditional leaders and educational institutions, and provide adequate financial support to efforts at both national and local levels to change behaviour, stereotyped attitudes and harmful practices;
- Organe
- Commission de la condition de la femme
- Type de document
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Families
- Girls
- Année
- 2007
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Recalling the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocols thereto, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and all other relevant human rights instruments,
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of female genital mutilation 2016, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Invites the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the relevant human rights treaty bodies, in particular the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Human Rights Committee, the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Committee against Torture and the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, to continue to give special consideration to the question of the elimination of female genital mutilation;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Elimination of violence against women 1996, para. 7e
- Paragraph text
- [Stresses the conclusions and recommendations of the Special Rapporteur that States have an affirmative duty to promote and protect the human rights of women and must exercise due diligence to prevent violence against women, including violence against women in the family, and calls on States:] To enact and enforce legislation against the perpetrators of practices and acts of violence against women, such as female genital mutilation, female infanticide, prenatal sex selection and dowry-related violence, and give vigorous support to the efforts of non-governmental and community organizations to eliminate such practices;
- Organe
- United Nations Commission on Human Rights
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Families
- Women
- Année
- 1996
Paragraphe