A/RES/52/119 Page 2 Recognizing that the principles of national sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of any State should be respected in the holding of elections, Recognizing also that there is no single political system or single universal model for electoral processes equally suited to all nations and their peoples and that political systems and electoral processes are subject to historical, political, cultural and religious factors, Convinced that the establishment of the necessary mechanisms and means to guarantee full and effective popular participation in electoral processes corresponds to States, Recalling all its previous resolutions in this regard, particularly its resolution 50/172 of 22 December 1995, Welcoming the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights, held at Vienna from 14 to 25 June 1993,1 in which the Conference reaffirmed that the processes of promoting and protecting human rights should be conducted in conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter, 1. Reiterates that, by virtue of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, all peoples have the right, freely and without external interference, to determine their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development and that every State has the duty to respect that right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter; 2. Reaffirms that it is the concern solely of peoples to determine methods and to establish institutions regarding the electoral process, as well as to determine the methods for its implementation according to their constitution and national legislation and that, consequently, States should establish the necessary mechanisms and means to guarantee full and effective popular participation in those processes; 3. Also reaffirms that any activities that attempt, directly or indirectly, to interfere in the free development of national electoral processes, in particular in the developing countries, or that are intended to sway the results of such processes, violate the spirit and letter of the principles established in the Charter and in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations; 4. Further reaffirms that electoral assistance to Member States should be provided by the United Nations only at the request and with the consent of specific sovereign States, in strict conformity with the principles of sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of States, or in special circumstances such as cases of decolonization or in the context of regional or international peace processes; 5. Strongly appeals to all States to refrain from financing or providing, directly or indirectly, any other form of overt or covert support for political parties or groups and from taking actions to undermine the electoral processes in any country; 1 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III. /...