A/HRC/RES/58/17 (d) Systematic, widespread and grave violations of the right to an adequate standard of living, including the right to adequate food and related aspects of the right to life, exacerbated by widespread hunger and malnutrition; (e) Violations of the right to life and acts of extermination, murder, enslavement, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, imprisonment, rape and other grave forms of sexual and gender-based violence and persecution on any grounds, including on the grounds of political opinion, religion or belief and sexual orientation and gender identity, throughout the entire penal system and in all places of detention, including in prison camps, re-education camps, labour training camps, labour training centres, detention centres, holding centres and waiting rooms, and the widespread practice of collective punishment, with harsh sentences imposed on innocent individuals; (f) Persistent violations and abuses of all rights of all women and girls, who remain the most vulnerable to trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation or domestic servitude and to child, early and forced marriage and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence; (g) Violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of children, including the continued lack of access to basic economic, social and cultural rights for many children, in particular those in vulnerable situations, and reports of harsh punishment inflicted upon children; (h) The enforced and involuntary disappearance of persons by arrest, detention or abduction against their will, the refusal to disclose the fate and whereabouts of the persons concerned and the refusal to acknowledge the deprivation of their liberty, which places persons subjected thereto outside the protection of the law and which has had the effect of inflicting severe suffering on them and their families; (i) Systematic abduction, denial of repatriation and subsequent enforced disappearance of persons, including those from other States Members of the United Nations, on a large scale and as a matter of State policy; 2. Urges the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to initiate comprehensive institutional, legal and policy reforms to improve the human rights situation, to acknowledge its crimes, abuses and human rights violations, in and outside of the country, and to take immediately all steps necessary to end all such crimes, abuses and violations through, inter alia, the implementation of relevant recommendations contained in the report of the commission of inquiry and in General Assembly resolution 79/181, including but not limited to the following steps: (a) Ensuring the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief and the rights to freedom of opinion, expression and association, both online and offline, including by permitting the establishment of independent newspapers and other media and repealing or reforming all practices and laws suppressing the aforementioned rights, including the Law on Rejecting Reactionary Thought and Culture, the Youth Education Guarantee Law and the Law on Protecting the Pyongyang Cultural Language; (b) Ending discrimination against citizens, including State-sponsored discrimination based on the songbun system, and taking immediate steps to ensure gender equality and the full enjoyment by all women and girls of their human rights and the protection of women and girls from all forms of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence; (c) Ensuring the right to freedom of movement, including the freedom to choose one’s place of residence and employment; (d) Promoting equal access to food, including by allowing humanitarian access to all persons in need and full transparency regarding the provision of humanitarian assistance so that such assistance is provided to persons in vulnerable situations, including persons with disabilities, older persons, individuals in detention, children, and women and girls, especially those who are pregnant and lactating; 5