A/HRC/RES/55/4 Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security, adopted by the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2004, and the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, adopted on 16 November 2009, and reaffirming the Five Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security, and the recommendations and commitments made therein, Stressing the importance of the Rome Declaration on Nutrition and its Framework for Action, adopted at the second International Conference on Nutrition, held in Rome on 21 November 2014, Taking note with appreciation of the United Nations Food Systems Summit, convened by the Secretary-General and held on 23 September 2021, Taking note of the work done by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in promoting the right to adequate food, Acknowledging that the right to food has been recognized as the right of every individual, alone or in community with others, to have physical and economic access at all times to sufficient, adequate and nutritious food, in conformity with, inter alia, the culture, beliefs, traditions, dietary habits and preferences of individuals, and that is produced and consumed sustainably, thereby preserving access to food for future generations, Reaffirming that a peaceful, stable and enabling political, social and economic environment at both the national and international levels is the essential foundation that will enable States to give adequate priority to food security, nutrition and poverty eradication, Recognizing the urgent need to realize the right to food through a coordinated and sustained effort, using the advantages and synergies offered by international cooperation and solidarity to find comprehensive solutions to the common present and future problems facing humanity, Reiterating that food should not be used as an instrument of political or economic pressure, and reaffirming in this regard the importance of international cooperation and solidarity, and the absolute necessity of refraining from unilateral measures that are not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations and that endanger the food security and nutrition of affected countries, Reaffirming that food security and nutrition are a national responsibility, and that any plan for addressing food security and nutrition challenges must be nationally articulated, designed, owned and led, and built on consultation with all key stakeholders, Recognizing the urgency of strengthening the multilateral system in the channelling of material, financial and human resources and in the promotion of policies dedicated to fighting hunger and all forms of malnutrition, Recognizing also the complex character of food insecurity and its likely recurrence owing to a combination of several major factors, such as the effects of the global financial and economic crisis, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, desertification and the impact of global climate change, drought, natural disasters and the effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as poverty, excessive population growth, armed conflicts, excessive volatility in commodity prices and the lack in many countries of the appropriate technology, investment and capacity-building necessary to confront its impact, in particular in developing countries, including landlocked developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing States, and the need for coherence and collaboration between international institutions at the global level, Expressing its deep concern at the negative effects of all armed conflicts on the enjoyment of the right to food, Expressing its deep concern also at the number and scale of human-made and natural disasters, diseases and pest infestations, as well as the negative impact of climate change, and their increasing impact in recent years, which have, in combination with other factors, resulted in substantial loss of life and livelihood and threatened agricultural production and food security and nutrition, in particular in developing countries, 2