21. Encourages all relevant actors to strengthen action at the national, regional and international levels, particularly through education, to: (a) Ensure that children, from an early age, benefit from education on values, attitudes, modes of behaviour and ways of life to enable them to resolve any dispute peacefully and in a spirit of respect for human dignity and of tolerance and non-discrimination; (b) Involve children in activities for instilling in them the values and goals of a culture of peace; Freedom from violence 22. Reaffirms the obligation of States to protect children from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; 23. Calls upon States: (a) To take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent all forms of violence against children and to protect them from torture and other forms of violence, including physical, mental and sexual violence, abuse by the police, other law enforcement authorities or employees in juvenile detention centres or orphanages, and domestic violence; (b) To investigate and submit cases of torture and other forms of violence against children to the competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution and to impose appropriate disciplinary or penal sanctions against those responsible for such practices; 24. Requests all relevant human rights mechanisms, in particular special rapporteurs and working groups, within their mandates, to pay attention to the special situations of violence against children, reflecting their experiences in the field; III. NON-DISCRIMINATION 25. Reaffirms the obligation of States to ensure the rights of the child without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the child’s or his or her parent’s or legal guardian’s race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status, and to take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of discrimination; The girl child 26. Reaffirms General Assembly resolutions 54/148 and 54/133 of 17 December 1999 on the girl child and on traditional practices affecting the health of women and the girl child, respectively, and takes note of Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights resolution 1999/13 of 25 August 1999 on traditional practices affecting the health of women and the girl child; 27. Calls upon all States: (a) To take all necessary measures and to institute legal reforms to ensure the full and equal enjoyment by girls of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, to take effective actions against violations of those rights and freedoms and to base programmes and policies for the girl child on the rights of the child and women; (b) And non-governmental organizations, individually and collectively, to set goals and to develop and effectively implement gender-sensitive strategies to address the rights and needs of children, in accordance with their obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, especially the rights and particular needs of girls in education, health and nutrition, and to eliminate harmful traditional or customary attitudes and practices against girls; page 6