31. Further calls upon all States: (a) To examine and devise comprehensive economic and social solutions, at the national and international levels, to the problems causing children to work and/or to live on the street; (b) To adopt, promote and implement appropriate programmes and policies for the protection and the rehabilitation and reintegration of these children, taking into account that such children are particularly vulnerable to all forms of violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect, especially the girl child; (c) To ensure that services are provided for children to divert them from, and address the economic imperatives for, involvement in harmful, exploitative and abusive activity; (d) To recognize the right to education by making primary education compulsory, to ensure that all children have access to free primary education as a key strategy to prevent children working on the street, recognizing in particular the important role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund in this regard, to recognize that primary education is one of the main instruments for reintegrating child workers and to develop and implement programmes designed to integrate working children into the formal education sector; (e) To take the situation of children working and/or living on the street into account when preparing reports to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, and encourages the Committee and other relevant bodies and organizations of the United Nations system, within their existing mandates, to increase attention to the question of children working and/or living on the street; (f) To guarantee respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms, particularly the right to life, and to take urgent and effective measures to prevent the killing of children working and/or living on the street and to combat torture and violence against them, as well as their recruitment into armed forces or groups in breach of international standards and their sexual exploitation, to bring the perpetrators to justice and to ensure strict compliance with applicable international human rights instruments, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including the requirement that legal and juridical processes respect the rights of the child; Refugee and internally displaced children 32. Calls upon all States: (a) And other parties to armed conflicts to bear in mind that refugee and internally displaced children are particularly exposed to risks in connection with armed conflicts, such as being recruited in violation of international standards or subjected to sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and stresses the special vulnerability of unaccompanied refugee and internally displaced children, and calls upon Governments and United Nations bodies and organizations to give those situations urgent attention, enhancing protection and assistance mechanisms; (b) To increase protection of refugee and internally displaced children, including through policies for their care, well-being and development, in such areas as health, education and psychosocial rehabilitation, with the necessary international cooperation, in particular with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the Representative of the Secretary-General on internally displaced persons and the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, in accordance with their obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child; (c) And United Nations bodies and agencies, in coordination with other international humanitarian organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, to ensure the early identification and registration of unaccompanied refugee and internally displaced children, to give priority to programmes for family tracing and reunification, and to pay particular attention to the special protection needs of children with a view to developing programmes for voluntary repatriation, local integration and resettlement; (d) To cooperate with and assist the Representative of the Secretary-General in his ongoing efforts to pay specific attention to the special needs of children; page 8