A/HRC/RES/58/23 5. Calls upon States to combat impunity by conducting prompt, impartial and independent investigations and pursuing accountability for all forms of violations, abuses and threats by State and non-State actors against any human rights defender, or against their legal representatives, family members and associates, and by condemning publicly all forms of violence and discrimination, including multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, and acts of intimidation or reprisal, and underlining that such practices can never be justified; 6. Notes with appreciation the work of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders and takes note of her reports submitted to the Human Rights Council 1 and the General Assembly,2 and strongly encourages all States to cooperate with and to assist the Special Rapporteur; 7. Condemns all acts of intimidation and reprisal, both online and offline, by State and non-State actors against individuals, groups and organs of society, including against human rights defenders and their legal representatives, associates and family members, who seek to cooperate, are cooperating or have cooperated with subregional, regional and international bodies, including the United Nations, its representatives and mechanisms in the field of human rights; 8. Reaffirms the right of everyone, individually and in association with others, to unhindered access to and communication with international bodies without fear of reprisal, in particular with the United Nations, its representatives and mechanisms in the field of human rights, including the Human Rights Council and its special procedures, the universal periodic review mechanism and the treaty bodies, as well as regional human rights mechanisms, and strongly calls upon all States to realize this right; 9. Calls upon States: (a) To promote a safe and enabling environment for human rights defenders, including women human rights defenders, to conduct their work both online and offline, and to ensure that laws, policies and practices are in compliance with applicable obligations and commitments under international law, including international human rights law, so that they do not hinder or limit unduly the ability of human rights defenders to carry out their work or have access to resources; (b) To refrain from or cease the use or transfer of new and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence applications and spyware, where they are impossible to operate in compliance with international human rights law or that pose undue risks to the enjoyment of human rights, unless and until the adequate safeguards to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms are in place; (c) To foster an accessible, inclusive, open, safe and secure digital space that respects, protects and promotes human rights, gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls, and to accelerate efforts to bridge digital divides, including the gender, geographic and other digital divides, between and within countries, and to foster universal, affordable and meaningful connectivity, particularly during protests, elections, situations of crisis, armed conflict or foreign occupation, the use of information and communications technology and the promotion of open and secure digital access and digital inclusion, including through digital, media and information literacy and digital security training, in order to promote the full enjoyment of human rights for all; (d) To encourage diverse and human rights-respecting technological solutions to advance connectivity, including by creating an enabling, inclusive and effective regulatory environment for small, non-profit and community Internet operators; (e) To encourage the private sector to apply the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights; (f) To guarantee the right to freedom of expression, which includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information, including by promoting transparency, proactively publishing data and integrating digital and media literacy into educational curricula; 1 2 A/HRC/58/53 and Adds.1 and 2. A/79/123. 5