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sexual relations between adults, such as adultery, zina (illicit sexual relations) and samesex relations, and those that criminalize abortion in cases of rape.
115. States should provide adequate services and support to victims of rape, including
rape crisis centres, protection orders and interim relief measures in the context of both
peace and conflict, including reparations to victims, in accordance with international
human rights standards and reports.67
116. States must ensure the necessary training for members of the judiciary and legal
and law enforcement professionals on international human rights standards and
jurisprudence with respect to rape, and on the myths and stereotypes that still hinder
the implementation of those standards.
117. States must ensure the age-appropriate education of children and adolescents on
sexual autonomy and human rights, including the importance of understanding lack of
consent (the “no means no” approach) and of promoting affirmative consent (the “yes
means yes” approach).
118. States should utilize human rights standards, especially the Declaration on the
Elimination of Violence against Women, the Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination against Women and general recommendations No. 30 (2013)
and No. 35 (2017) of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against
Women, in the eradication of sexual violence and rape during conflict, and support
cooperation by the Security Council with the Special Rapporteur, as envisaged by the
Security Council in its resolution No. 1888 (2009).
119. United Nations agencies such as the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality
and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), the United Nations Office on Drugs
and Crime and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,
in cooperation with the Special Rapporteur, the Committee on the Elimination of
Discrimination against Women and other expert mechanisms, such as the Platform of
Independent Expert Mechanisms on Discrimination and Violence against Women,
should support States in the process of harmonizing national legislation with
international human rights standards, on the basis of the recommendations in this
report and the framework for model legislation on rape.
67
See A/HRC/14/22.
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