A/HRC/19/54 international humanitarian and development actors. 40 In many situations, local integration will constitute a peace-building and community-reconciliation challenge, requiring mediation and other special measures in this regard. 55. National policies related to local integration must be “translated into both political and financial support for local authorities and communities”.41 Profiling exercises, and surveys of intentions among IDPs in order to gage what particular durable solutions they are envisaging42 can assist in assessing the resources and measures which are necessary. These will be important for planning purposes, and allow improved access by provincial and municipal actors to national and international funding, including by development actors. Most effective local integration programmes will combine IDP-specific interventions with community-wide programmes. Where the numbers of IDPs warrant it, the integration of displacement issues in local development, poverty reduction plans and labour market integration schemes, can also represent an effective strategy, which can be enhanced by the active participation of IDP representatives. 43 Furthermore, other sources of practice and experience can be tapped, such as innovative local integration practices which have been used in the context of refugee integration programmes, or community revitalization projects. IV. Conclusions and recommendations 56. While they represent the majority of internally displaced persons in the world, IDPs outside camps, and the host communities supporting them, are frequently unidentified and unassisted, both with respect to humanitarian support and durable solutions. IDPs living amongst host communities and in urban centres become mixed within the general local population, while others may seek shelter in remote and isolated areas. In both cases, they are difficult to identify and thus may become neglected IDPs. Although often assumed to have found their own solution, IDPs outside camps often experience a serious deterioration in their enjoyment of a series of human rights, including the right to adequate housing and protection from forced evictions, and to education and health, and are particularly at risk of marginalization, poverty, exploitation and abuse. If left unidentified and unassisted, they will de facto be excluded from assistance and protection measures, and durable solutions to their displacement, (e.g. in the context of national reconciliation and reconstruction processes); measures which could also alleviate pressures otherwise imposed on social structures within host communities. 57. The lack of a systemic, equitable and human rights based approach to IDPs outside camps frequently results in protracted, secondary or repeated waves of displacement, and the exacerbation of poverty and vulnerabilities for IDPs, those hosting them, and for the society as a whole in countries where mass and unassisted displacements are frequent. 58. In the context of global trends such as rapid urbanization, including in less developed States, and a predicted increase in the frequency and severity of natural disasters due to the effects of climate change, the phenomena of urban IDPs outside camps is predicted to grow. Both in urban and other settings, host communities and 40 41 42 43 18 See also A/HRC/13/21/Add.4, paras. 34-43. Brookings, IDMC, Norwegian Refugee Council, IDPs in protracted displacement: is local integration a solution? May 2011, p. 7. Ibid, p. 9. Ibid.