Sustainable mountain development A/RES/74/227 risk assessment, mapping and management into rural development planning and management of, inter alia, mountains, including through the identification of areas that are safe for human settlement, and at the same time preserving ecosystem functions that help to reduce risks, Recalling the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”, 8 Agenda 21, 9 the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) 10 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, Recognizing that the benefits derived from mountain regions are essential for sustainable development and that mountain ecosystems play a crucial role in providing water and other essential resources and services to a large portion of the world’s population, Recognizing also that mountain ecosystems are highly vulnerable to the increasing adverse impacts of climate change, extreme weather events, deforestation, forest fires and forest degradation, land-use change, land degradation and natural disasters, from which they recover slowly, and that mountain glaciers around the world are retreating and getting thinner, with increasing impacts on the environment, sustainable livelihoods and human well-being, Acknowledging that, despite the progress that has been made in promoting the sustainable development of mountain regions and the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, the prevalence of poverty, food insecurity, social exclusion, environmental degradation and exposure to the risk of disasters is still increasing, particularly in developing countries, and access to safe and affordable drinking water and basic sanitation as well as to sustainable modern energy services continues to be limited, Reaffirming that gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls will make a crucial contribution to progress across all the Sustainable Development Goals and targets, and that the achievement of full human potential and sustainable development is not possible if one half of humanity continues to be denied full human rights and opportunities, Noting with deep concern that about 340 million people in rural mountain areas in developing countries – 55 per cent of the total rural mountain population – were considered vulnerable to food insecurity in 2017, a steep increase compared with 2012, and in this regard acknowledging the need to prioritize the special and urgent attention needed by mountain areas, including by focusing on the specific challenges they face and the opportunities they provide, Encouraging Member States to advance innovative pathways to achieve sustainable consumption and production in line with United Nations Environment Assembly resolution 4/1 of 15 March 2019, 11 Noting the collaborative efforts of the International Partnership for Sustainable Development in Mountain Regions (Mountain Partnership), launched during the World Summit on Sustainable Development as a multi-stakeholder approach __________________ 8 9 10 11 19-22499 Resolution 66/288, annex. Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II. Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex. UNEP/EA.4/Res.1. 3/8