A/HRC/56/47 of which they were arbitrarily deprived during the displacement. 138 Furthermore, special consideration should be given to ensure that women’s rights to own, manage, enjoy and dispose of property are inherent in the rights to be free from discrimination and to an adequate standard of living. 80. Accountability mechanisms must ensure access to effective remedies for those affected by planned relocations. This includes establishing independent grievance mechanisms for affected individuals and communities, strengthening access to justice and legal aid, including by easing access to courts and non-judicial remedies at the local, national and international levels. 139 While just and satisfactory compensation for losses is vital, emphasizing activities promoting social cohesion, inclusive decision-making, access to justice and cultural preservation is just as crucial for achieving enduring outcomes. G. Governance 81. A whole-of-government approach should be applied to planned relocation. Such an approach includes clarification of institutional responsibilities, inter-institutional coordination and cooperation, identifying, negotiating, acquiring and transferring suitable land in a timely manner, securing adequate financial resources, constructing housing and infrastructure, installing services, monitoring and addressing institutional and governance gaps and strengthening technical capacity. 82. Furthermore, capacity-building efforts should focus on raising awareness, creating platforms for peer-to-peer exchanges with regional mechanisms, building skills for negotiation and advocacy, and fostering cooperation between State authorities and affected communities to ensure that planned relocations are carried out in a manner that respects, protects and realizes the human rights of all involved. Relocation processes should incorporate relevant lessons learned from previous experiences of internal displacement in the country. V. Conclusions and recommendations A. Conclusions 83. As areas of origin disappear, or become unsafe or uninhabitable, relocations may become increasingly inevitable. Planned relocations, whether anticipatory or responsive, should be a measure of last resort, taken only when sustaining settlements is impossible. In the context of disasters and the adverse effects of climate change, planned relocations can endanger a wide range of human rights and have a profound social and cultural impact. When all options are exhausted, well-planned, financed and implemented planned relocations that prioritize community needs can mitigate displacement risks, protect human rights from the start and lay the foundation for durable solutions. This requires a government-led and whole-of-society approach with human rights-based frameworks developed in accordance with international human rights norms and standards. B. Recommendations 84. The Special Rapporteur recommends that States: (a) Guarantee in law, policy and practice the liberty of movement and the freedom to choose one’s place of residence, including the right to stay, and avoid 138 139 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, principle 2 (2); and Protection Cluster Mozambique, “Standard operating procedures”. A/HRC/55/53, para. 74 (j). 19