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The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The provision of humanitarian assistance is not merely a discretionary act of humane compassion. Internally displaced persons and other people affected by conflict or natural disaster remain entitled to fully enjoy their human rights, including their right to life, food, water and sanitation, clothing, housing, health care and education, rights which, taken together, may be interpreted as the right to receive humanitarian assistance. Moreover, these rights must be discharged by national authorities in good faith, either directly or by facilitating the provision of humanitarian assistance by third parties.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- In situations of armed conflict, humanitarian access is often denied by authorities for other reasons as well. They may be unable to provide security to humanitarian organizations in territories that are not under their full control or may fear that humanitarian goods will be diverted by non-State armed groups for military purposes. Even where access exists, the independence of humanitarian actors may be jeopardized as a result of integrated strategies that combine military, political, development and humanitarian interventions in order to win the "hearts and minds" of the population.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- A third and related trend is the increased violence against humanitarian workers and operations. One study found that the number of kidnappings of humanitarian personnel more than tripled between 2006 and 2009 alone. Few of the perpetrators are ever brought to justice. Moreover, while violence against humanitarians may, in part, be simply a consequence of the general insecurity in weak or failed States, where most conflicts and some of the largest disaster-related humanitarian crises occur, politically motivated attacks are also on the rise.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- These worrying developments must be seen against the backdrop of obligations to ensure the provision of humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons. The point of departure for any discussion on these obligations should be the recognition that human rights place a duty on States to take positive measures to fulfil these rights. Economic and social rights and, in particular, the right to an adequate standard of living, which includes adequate food, clothing, housing and the right to health and education, entail minimum core obligations that States must ensure.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on Economic and Social Rights has taken the view "that a minimum core obligation to ensure the satisfaction of, at the very least, minimum essential levels of each of the rights is incumbent upon every State party. Thus, for example, a State party in which any significant number of individuals is deprived of essential foodstuffs, of essential primary health care, of basic shelter and housing, or of the most basic forms of education is, prima facie, failing to discharge its obligations under the [International] Covenant [on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]". In other words, the core minimum requirements extend to the very goods and services that are the subject of humanitarian assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, humanitarian assistance must be adequate. According to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, "adequacy" in this context means that humanitarian goods and services are available to the affected population in sufficient quantity and quality; they are accessible, meaning that they are granted to all in need without discrimination and are within safe and easy reach of everyone, including vulnerable and marginalized groups; they are acceptable, in that they are culturally appropriate and sensitive to gender and age; and they are adaptable, namely, they are provided in ways that are flexible enough to adapt to the changing needs of beneficiaries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- States must plan for the necessary resources to provide humanitarian assistance. A number of countries, such as Costa Rica and Madagascar, require all national authorities to earmark budget lines for disaster preparedness and response activities. Ethiopia established the National Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Fund, as well as the Emergency Food Security Reserve. In order to fulfil their responsibilities to ensure the survival and basic welfare of their population, Governments can, and should, also draw on the complementary capacities of such local actors as the national Red Cross or Red Crescent societies and of international humanitarian actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In conflict situations, international humanitarian law sets out additional obligations to provide humanitarian assistance. Parties causing displacement in international or non-international conflict (for example, by clearing an area for military operations) must take all possible measures to ensure that evacuated civilians are provided with satisfactory conditions of shelter, hygiene, health, safety and nutrition. People living in occupied territories, wounded and sick persons, and children, also benefit from specific guarantees of humanitarian assistance. These international humanitarian norms do not eclipse, but rather complement human rights law, which continues to apply in situations of armed conflict and occupation. Both bodies of law are to be interpreted as reinforcing each other so as to provide the greatest possible scope of protection for the individual.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- While the General Assembly has noted that humanitarian assistance "should be provided with the consent of the affected country", this does not imply that States are entitled to withhold their consent in all circumstances. As seen above, article 2, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights specifically requires States parties to take steps towards realizing human rights also "through international assistance and cooperation". There is growing acceptance that the obligation to respect, protect and fulfil human rights includes an obligation to invite, accept and facilitate international humanitarian assistance, in particular if the State is unable or unwilling to effectively address all humanitarian needs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- The Kampala Convention, for example, requires national authorities to request international assistance when available resources are inadequate to protect and assist internally displaced persons. The Great Lakes Protocol obliges States to "facilitate rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access and assistance to internally displaced persons" (article 3, para. 6). Colombia's law on internally displaced persons specifically recognizes the rights of the displaced to assistance and a corresponding right of the international community to provide humanitarian assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- According to this Principle, which reflects the position of the Security Council, the General Assembly and regional organizations, States must exercise their sovereign rights in good faith and in line with the responsibilities sovereignty entails, including the human rights obligation to ensure the provision of necessary humanitarian assistance. Similarly, according to customary international humanitarian law applicable in situations of international as well as non international armed conflicts, parties to a conflict "must allow and facilitate rapid and unimpeded passage of humanitarian relief for civilians in need, which is impartial in character and conducted without any adverse distinction, subject to their right of control".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- However, States fail to respect their obligations if they reject assistance offered without providing any reasons or if the reasons are based on errors in fact (for example, a denial of humanitarian needs without a proper assessment). States also act arbitrarily if they deny access for reasons that are not in line with their international obligations, for example, if a State rejects assistance offered in line with the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence despite being unable to ensure the necessary assistance through other resources.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- States must refrain from selectively denying consent to offers of humanitarian assistance with the intent or effect of discriminating against a particular group or section of the population. In the case of internally displaced persons in need, the Guiding Principles stipulate against such discrimination on the basis, inter alia, of race, sex, legal status, religious belief, political or other opinion, or ethnic or social origin (see Guiding Principle 4, para. 1). An example would be a Government that systematically rejects offers of humanitarian assistance to crisis-affected regions populated by ethnic groups perceived as favouring the political opposition.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, insurgents, de facto authorities and other non-State actors controlling a part of the territory may not withhold consent to the provision of humanitarian assistance on the basis that they do not have sovereign rights regarding the territory to which the assistance is destined. Article 7, paragraph 5 (g) of the Kampala Convention therefore specifically prohibits armed groups from "impeding humanitarian assistance and passage of all relief consignments, equipment and personnel to internally displaced persons".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, national authorities and, within the ambit of international humanitarian law, non-State parties to conflict, must grant and facilitate the free passage of humanitarian assistance and grant persons providing such assistance rapid and unimpeded access to the internally displaced. This is related to the obligation not to divert humanitarian assistance for political or military reasons (Guiding Principle 24, para. 2). The duty not to impede access is relevant to external assistance accepted by the State, local authorities and humanitarian assistance provided by the State itself (for example, where there are disagreements between State humanitarian and security agencies).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- There is a strain between the need to coordinate humanitarian assistance and unnecessarily impeding such assistance or inadvertently aggravating the crisis. Disputes may erupt over the extent of humanitarian needs and the nature, quantity and quality of humanitarian assistance required to address them. Joint needs assessments involving recipients, donors and the authorities will provide relevant data on what is appropriate and necessary. The consultation and involvement of recipient rights-holders in the provision of assistance should be broad and inclusive to prevent discrimination and ensure that certain individuals do not set themselves up as "gatekeepers" for humanitarian assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Flexibility, multi-stakeholder dialogue and willingness to come to pragmatic compromises can significantly help to address tensions. For example, some months after the earthquake of 12 January 2010, the Government of Haiti asked to phase out the blanket distribution of free food aid, fearing that it might exacerbate recipient dependency and undermine local markets. Accordingly, the United Nations and other major providers of humanitarian assistance agreed to adapt their approach, including by providing recipient rights-holders with cash or food in exchange for community work (for example, rubble removal), while still maintaining targeted free food aid programmes for the most vulnerable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- The Representative is concerned about instances of States imposing taxes and customs duties on international humanitarian assistance. He underlines that this assistance in fact saves the State considerable funds, as it contributes to fulfilling the State's own obligation to ensure humanitarian assistance. Moreover, given that global humanitarian resources are limited and are never sufficient to match all needs, taxes and duties levied on humanitarian assistance by one State effectively deplete the resources required to provide life-saving assistance to persons in need in other States. Humanitarian assistance should be exempt from taxes or duties directly associated with relief and assistance towards initial recovery, including value-added tax and customs duties.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- The line between reasonable measures to protect humanitarian operations and unreasonable impediments to humanitarian action can sometimes be thin. Moreover, some States deliberately impose access restrictions in order to manipulate assistance flows and keep out inconvenient humanitarian presence. The Representative considers that security restrictions must have a rational basis and be subject to review. Moreover, national authorities and other actors imposing restrictions should engage in dialogue with humanitarian actors to determine which measures would be the least disruptive to humanitarian operations, while still providing an acceptable degree of security. The Representative also reiterates the continued importance of the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence, in order to gain the acceptance of all parties to a conflict, as well as their consent and assurances of safe passage.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Increasing constraints on humanitarian access have the effect of excluding internally displaced persons and others affected by conflict and disasters from their entitlements to assistance. Administrative and technical barriers regularly impede the provision of humanitarian action. Humanitarian actors find it increasingly difficult to defend the impartiality, neutrality and independence that form the basis of their work, as individual States and State coalitions seek to align humanitarian action with their own political and military agendas, a trend considered responsible, in part, for the increasing violence against humanitarian workers. This increase in politically motivated attacks on humanitarian personnel and other patterns of insecurity that interrupt humanitarian operations have a profound impact on both the extent and methods for providing humanitarian assistance, with recipient rights-holders as the ultimate victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96a
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] Explicitly recognize in relevant national laws, policies and administrative and military instructions, the right of internally displaced persons and others affected by conflict or disaster to request and receive humanitarian assistance, in an equal and non-discriminatory manner; and the corresponding obligation of the State to ensure assistance, including by facilitating international assistance, especially where locally available resources are insufficient;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96b
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] Not arbitrarily withhold consent to offered humanitarian assistance; and to grant rapid and unimpeded access to all accepted humanitarian assistance;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96c
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] Inform the public about the valuable role of humanitarian actors in alleviating human suffering, and resolve disputes through pragmatic dialogue;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96d
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] Set up dedicated national humanitarian coordination structures, preferably in a central position of government. Coordination structures should be subject to auditing and non-executive civilian oversight and, at least in conflict situations, should be institutionally separate from the military and security apparatus. Clear powers and responsibilities to provide humanitarian assistance, as well as the necessary resources, should be provided to relevant authorities at the national and local levels;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96e
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] Establish clear procedures and criteria for assessing humanitarian needs and determining the required international assistance. Assessments should be based on international standards such as the Sphere standards and use a participatory methodology involving the authorities, donors, affected persons and communities, and vulnerable groups in particular;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96f
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] Set out effective monitoring, quality control and complaint mechanisms to verify and guide the provision of humanitarian assistance, and allow independent monitoring;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96g
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] Establish facilitated procedures for emergency situations, including with regard to domestic registration and legal personality for international actors; visa and entry procedures for international personnel and customs; and technical clearance procedures for humanitarian aid and equipment. Abolish remaining fees and taxes on humanitarian assistance;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96h
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] End impunity for attacks on humanitarian workers and operations by diligently investigating and prosecuting the perpetrators in national courts and, where relevant, cooperating with the International Criminal Court. Take appropriate disciplinary and criminal measures against officials who obstruct or divert humanitarian assistance;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 96i
- Paragraph text
- [The Representative calls on all Member States to shape a rule-based framework to international humanitarian assistance, taking into account the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement as well as the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance and, in particular to:] Respect humanitarian principles in the pursuance of their security and foreign policies; ensure a robust, principled and coordinated diplomatic response in situations where States arbitrarily deny or impede humanitarian access; and fund humanitarian assistance based on need and in line with the Principles and Good Practice of Humanitarian Donorship;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- The Representative calls on humanitarian organizations and agencies to regularly review their own compliance with humanitarian principles; resist accepting conditions that would compromise, or be perceived as compromising, the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and the independence of their operations; and reinforce their efforts to ensure that recipient rights-holders are fully involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of humanitarian assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85f
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Provide all necessary humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, continue to fund such assistance and undertake concerted action where humanitarian access is arbitrarily denied, or humanitarian staff are attacked, harassed or discriminated against;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85g
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Ensure that international military and civilian operations have the mandate and actual capacity to protect the civilian population;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85h
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Ensure that the emerging framework to address climate change deals with the nexus between the effects of climate change and displacement and that the least developed countries are provided with the resources and expertise to address the human consequences of climate change;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85i
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Respect the right to seek and enjoy asylum, and avoid forcibly returning persons to their home country where they cannot find a durable solution and as a result become internally displaced.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 86a
- Paragraph text
- [Much of the internal displacement taking place today is linked to violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. Arbitrary displacement could be prevented, but too often those responsible act with impunity and no one is held accountable. The Representative recommends that member States:] Scrupulously respect their obligations under international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international criminal law, including by protecting their own population from arbitrary displacement by non-State actors;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 86b
- Paragraph text
- [Much of the internal displacement taking place today is linked to violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. Arbitrary displacement could be prevented, but too often those responsible act with impunity and no one is held accountable. The Representative recommends that member States:] Criminalize arbitrary displacement, especially to the extent that it amounts to an international crime, and bring all perpetrators to justice, if necessary by referring situations to the International Criminal Court or other special mechanisms;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 86c
- Paragraph text
- [Much of the internal displacement taking place today is linked to violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. Arbitrary displacement could be prevented, but too often those responsible act with impunity and no one is held accountable. The Representative recommends that member States:] Prevent and mitigate disaster-induced displacement by adopting and implementing early warning mechanisms and disaster risk reduction measures. States should make reparation where authorities negligently fail to take all necessary and reasonable measures to protect the population from natural or human made hazards;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 86d
- Paragraph text
- [Much of the internal displacement taking place today is linked to violations of international human rights and humanitarian law. Arbitrary displacement could be prevented, but too often those responsible act with impunity and no one is held accountable. The Representative recommends that member States:] Limit forced evictions to exceptional circumstances, ensure that all relevant due process guarantees are respected and provide the evicted with adequate compensation and alternative housing and livelihood opportunities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 87a
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions constitute the ultimate form of protection for internally displaced persons. At the same time, the Representative sees some of the greatest problems in this area. Short-sighted political calculations often create protracted displacement situations, which are particularly difficult to transform into durable solutions. Despite some advances, donors and development actors are still not providing enough support for durable solutions, especially crucial investments in early recovery. The Representative recommends that member States:] Reinvigorate processes to resolve ongoing or frozen conflicts, while allowing the internally displaced to normalize their living situation as far as possible;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Natural disasters displace more people than any other cause but their displacement tends to be shorter than conflict or violence-related displacement. The effects of climate change are likely to further increase the numbers of the disaster-displaced. Not only is climate change expected to increase the magnitude and frequency of sudden-onset disasters such as storms or flooding, but it is also likely to exacerbate slow-onset disasters, including droughts, desertification, and rising sea levels, that also force people to move. As a result of the effects of climate change, between 50 and 250 million people may move by the middle of the century on a permanent or temporary basis. Many of them will move voluntarily as part of adaptation strategies of families and communities, yet others will have no other choice but to leave their homes. Most of these displaced will stay within their country as internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE), a non-governmental organization, estimates that 1.6 million people were forcibly evicted in 2007 and 2008 - in many cases without consultation, adequate alternatives or compensation and therefore contrary to the Guiding Principles. UN-HABITAT has warned that forced evictions are increasing. Profound socio-economic change in rapidly growing urban centres, increased efforts to exploit natural resources (including renewable sources of energy), and mega-events such as international sporting events are all contributing factors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Internally displaced persons are often dispersed in urban areas and required to find their own accommodation, stay in collective centres and public buildings such as schools, or live with host families. The number of urban internally displaced is likely to increase significantly in the future, largely due to today's rapid urbanization. Identifying and protecting them and addressing their specific needs, without neglecting the resident urban poor and migrants from rural areas, are challenges that deserve more attention. In this respect, it is important to recognize the particular pressures on municipal authorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Host communities and host families often end up assuming considerable burdens due to the influx of displaced persons, which may create social tensions and further protection concerns. In this respect a concept of "displacement-affected communities" is helpful in recognizing that not only displaced communities but also communities which host or (re)integrate them are affected by internal displacement. The Representative has consistently encouraged donors and humanitarians to expand their focus and extend protection and assistance to a broader spectrum of beneficiaries. Such activities should go beyond delivering humanitarian aid and include development interventions to strengthen basic infrastructure such as water and sanitation and basic services such as health and education, and increase food security and the availability of shelter. Such interventions may be less costly in the long run and would not only help to address the needs of the displaced but, at the same time, contribute to the development of areas and communities receiving them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- While internally displaced persons may not always be worse off than non-displaced populations, they require special protection and assistance because displacement creates specific needs and vulnerabilities not experienced by others. Internally displaced persons lose their homes, forcing them to find alternative shelter or to live in camps or collective shelters with their specific problems. They also lose their livelihoods, means of survival and social and cultural networks, regularly leading to impoverishment, marginalization, exclusion from basic services and even stigmatization. Unlike those remaining in their homes, the displaced leave their property behind, risking its occupation by others and creating the challenge of how to have it restored. They may not be able to replace lost documentation or participate freely in elections. Finally, displaced people alone are in need of finding a durable solution to their displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Displacement exacerbates pre-existing vulnerabilities and creates new ones. In many crisis situations the displaced, especially children and the elderly among them, are disproportionally affected by malnutrition and a lack of potable water. According to the World Health Organization, internally displaced persons are particularly exposed to health hazards. In urban settings, internally displaced persons are often worse off than the non-displaced urban poor. People displaced to locations where they constitute an ethnic, religious or other minority face particular problems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Representative notes the increasing efforts of many States to assume their primary duty and responsibility to provide protection and humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons (Guiding Principle 3 (1)). At the same time, many of the most serious and intractable displacement situations can be found in weak States that have little capacity to assume their responsibilities. The Representative has been engaged in several situations where State authorities had failed to exercise their responsibility towards the displaced and consequently international humanitarian, political, and military actors tried to substitute for the State, typically under conditions of precarious security and shrinking humanitarian space. This issue becomes particularly vexing when the State itself deliberately and arbitrarily displaced the very people it is then called upon to protect and assist.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The Representative considers that greater efforts have to be made on the part of the international community to work with national and local authorities in weak States and strengthen their capacities, instead of taking the easier short cut of substitution that often leads to a dead end. Encouraging the development of laws and policies on internal displacement can be a first step to engaging the relevant authorities. Laws and policies of course do not automatically result in action on the ground, but they are a necessary precondition for authorities to assume their expected role. If soundly drafted, they define responsibilities within government, establish coordination mechanisms and set priorities and activities to which national budget lines and earmarked donor funding can be tied.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Cluster responsibilities at the global and national level have brought more predictability and helped to close gaps in the humanitarian response to internally displaced persons. In particular, UNHCR, as the cluster lead for the protection of internally displaced persons in conflict settings, emergency shelter, and camp management has taken on considerable responsibilities, including the role of "provider of last resort". In order to live up to these new commitments, UNHCR has increased its operational engagement and provided for institutional and budgetary amendments. However, the capacities of UNHCR, as well as those of its partners, in particular as regards training and adequate staff numbers, as well as the capacity to provide guidance in the area of protection, are still very limited compared to the overall needs of the displaced. A more robust and decisive engagement will be required.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- International mechanisms to protect internally displaced persons in situations of natural disasters are often not effective due to lack of understanding, knowledge and the capacity to address threats arising in disaster settings. OHCHR, UNHCR and UNICEF are still struggling to develop the capacity on the ground to match the commitment to leading on protection in disaster settings that they assumed during the course of the 2005 humanitarian reform initiative. The Representative therefore welcomes the expressed commitment of UNHCR to fill this gap within the IASC framework and in consultation with UNICEF and OHCHR, and hopes that its capacities will be enhanced accordingly. The Representative also encourages OHCHR and UNICEF to reinforce their efforts to increase capacity at headquarters and on the ground.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The 2005 humanitarian reform initiative created an early recovery cluster, with UNDP as lead, thus acknowledging the importance of the transition between humanitarian action in emergency situations and steps towards full recovery. The Representative has on several occasions observed a gap between the phasing out by humanitarian actors and the arrival of development actors. He stresses the need for humanitarian and development actors to work hand in hand and to begin recovery activities as early as possible. Present weaknesses in early recovery activities are exacerbated by underfunding of the early recovery cluster and the lack of flexible funding mechanisms in this area.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The Representative has observed in several countries the difficult relationship between United Nations political or peacekeeping missions and humanitarian actors, particularly where they were part of integrated missions. He welcomes efforts to strengthen the capabilities of United Nations peacekeeping operations to protect civilians, including internally displaced persons, and the fact that such missions often have a positive impact on humanitarian action on the ground, including by improving the security situation or facilitating humanitarian access. However, their impact can also be negative and even impair humanitarian activities, in particular where the mission is mandated to support militarily or politically one party to the conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Where both humanitarian and military efforts to broaden protection of civilians coincide, the Representative has emphasized that the fundamental distinction between humanitarian action and military action be upheld at all times so as not to call into question the impartiality of humanitarian activities. Fostering a mutual understanding of each other's role will certainly contribute to better coordination. The political and military arms of an integrated mission should reach out to non-United Nations humanitarian actors to promote this understanding.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- General insecurity in crisis-affected States suffering from a breakdown of law and order is on the rise. Virtually all modern armed conflicts involve non-State armed groups and many of them operate more like unscrupulous criminal gangs than armed political movements with a sense of respect for humanitarian principles. In several countries, humanitarian operations have been deliberately targeted in attacks. Internally displaced persons and other crisis-affected populations suffer the consequences (and this destabilizing effect may be the very intent of attacks on humanitarians).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Accountability extends beyond criminal sanctions. Victims of serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, including victims of deliberate arbitrary displacement, have a right to an effective remedy for violations suffered, including reparation. Reparations can take different forms. In some cases, it may be sufficient to provide restitution by restoring the status quo before displacement. In other cases, especially those involving crimes against humanity, war crimes or ethnic cleansing, victims of arbitrary displacement will also be entitled to monetary compensation. Compensation laws must not arbitrarily differentiate between different types and causes of displacement and must respect the principle of equality before the law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Arbitrary displacement can also be caused by negligence, especially where authorities fail to exercise their obligation to take all reasonable and necessary measures to protect life, physical integrity, health and property from natural disasters. The Representative notes the growing body of law holding authorities accountable for such failures. The European Court of Human Rights has ordered States to pay compensation for having negligently failed to take appropriate measures to protect people from natural or human-made hazards. The Kampala Convention also stipulates that States parties are liable to make reparation if they fail to protect and assist internally displaced persons in the event of natural disasters.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- In at least 35 countries internally displaced persons find themselves in protracted situations, meaning that processes to find durable solutions for them have stalled and the displaced are marginalized, and their rights, in particular economic, social and cultural rights, are not protected. Internally displaced persons in protracted situations often live in inhumane conditions and have no realistic chance of accessing opportunities to earn a living. The Representative has consistently found that the most likely victims of protracted displacement are the most vulnerable within the displaced population and include the elderly, people with disabilities, female-headed households and minorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In conflict situations, political factors are often the primary cause of protracted displacement with parties to the conflicts not willing to achieve peace, which would allow the displaced to return. Even after major hostilities have ceased, resolution of the underlying conflict is often frozen and internally displaced persons are at risk of being manipulated as pawns. They cannot return, because they are seen as being associated with the enemy. At the same time, they are often prevented from integrating locally, because political decision makers calculate that continued pressure to return will uphold their territorial claims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The Representative has consistently emphasized that allowing internally displaced persons to normalize their living situation does not in any way extinguish their right to return. On the contrary, people who have regained control of their lives are in a much stronger position to eventually achieve a durable solution, while also posing less of a burden to local communities and social services. The Representative has engaged with the Governments of Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Serbia and Turkey on this issue and notes that this has led to some positive policy changes on the part of the Governments concerned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Modern peace agreements emphasize the right to return of all displaced, which is a positive trend. At the same time, there is a tendency to neglect those who are not willing or able to return. The Representative, sometimes with success, has suggested on several occasions to negotiators that they recognize the right of internally displaced persons to freely choose between return, local integration and settlement in another part of the country in accordance with the Guiding Principles. Involving all sectors of the displaced at least indirectly in peace processes, an issue on which the Representative has worked extensively, should ensure that peace agreements and peacebuilding efforts reflect the rights, needs and legitimate interests of the displaced.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Protracted displacement can also be the product of political indifference on the part of national authorities, development actors and donors. Internally displaced persons, who may have received generous humanitarian assistance at the height of a crisis, are often forgotten as soon as the guns fall silent or the flood waters recede. Without assistance in re-establishing their lives (and their livelihoods in particular) the displaced enter a vicious cycle of dependency on aid and protracted displacement. The continued failure of the donor community to adequately fund early recovery strategies and activities is particularly worrisome in this regard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Durable solutions for internally displaced persons - the very opposite of protracted displacement - are often simplistically equated with returns. It is important to emphasize that a durable solution can be achieved through (a) return and sustainable reintegration in the place of origin, (b) sustainable integration in local areas where internally displaced persons have taken refuge, or (c) settlement and sustainable integration in any other part of the country. There is no inherent hierarchy among these options. The internally displaced have the right to make an informed and voluntary choice as to the durable solution they would like to pursue.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Building a durable solution is a complex process of gradually achieving a situation where the internally displaced no longer have any displacement-specific needs and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination related to their displacement. Families torn apart by conflict or disaster have to be reunited. Livelihoods, housing, land and property and public services have to be reconstructed so that internally displaced persons can enjoy an adequate standard of living. In cases involving arbitrary displacement and other serious violations, it is often also necessary to restore a sense of justice and provide the displaced with effective remedies for the violations they suffered (see also above in chapter III, section G).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- While providing the conditions and related means for durable solutions is primarily the responsibility of national and local authorities (see Guiding Principle 28), international development, political and human rights actors often need to become involved to provide support, including to bridge the transition period after the emergency. The Representative is therefore pleased to note that the Peacebuilding Commission, the World Bank and UNDP are increasingly recognizing the links between displacement, durable solutions and their own mandates.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- In 2007, based on a request from the Emergency Relief Coordinator and after extensive consultations, the Representative released the pilot version of the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons. The Framework provides guidance on how to support such solutions and establishes criteria for assessing to what extent a durable solution has been achieved. Feedback from the field provided the basis for a further review of the Framework, which is presented to the Human Rights Council in its final form (A/HRC/13/21/Add.4). The Framework, endorsed by the IASC, is primarily aimed at guiding international and non-governmental humanitarian and development actors on how to work with governments in supporting durable solutions. As it also provides a response to the requests by the Council for ways to strengthen durable solutions and benchmarks for assessing when displacement ends (resolution 6/32, para. 7), the Framework should also be useful to member States affected by internal displacement and to donors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 84a
- Paragraph text
- [Millions of people are being newly internally displaced every year as a result of conflict and violence. Disasters displace even more people and the effects of climate change will exacerbate this trend. Development-induced displacement is also on the rise. With international attention focused on camps of internally displaced persons, many other displaced remain invisible, because they stay with host families, are dispersed in urban areas or their existence is officially denied. Some vulnerable groups within the displaced population are also regularly overlooked. Host families and communities are often heavily affected by displacement, but they are often neglected. The Representative urges member States and humanitarian and development actors to expand their scope of action and recommends that they:] Recognize, protect and assist all internally displaced persons in accordance with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, including people displaced by natural and human-made disasters and people evicted in the context of development;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 84b
- Paragraph text
- [Millions of people are being newly internally displaced every year as a result of conflict and violence. Disasters displace even more people and the effects of climate change will exacerbate this trend. Development-induced displacement is also on the rise. With international attention focused on camps of internally displaced persons, many other displaced remain invisible, because they stay with host families, are dispersed in urban areas or their existence is officially denied. Some vulnerable groups within the displaced population are also regularly overlooked. Host families and communities are often heavily affected by displacement, but they are often neglected. The Representative urges member States and humanitarian and development actors to expand their scope of action and recommends that they:] Increase efforts to protect and assist the urban displaced, including through development efforts and measures to assist host families as well as displacement-affected communities generally;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85a
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Promote recognition of the Guiding Principles at the national level, including through domestic law and policies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85b
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Undertake consultations with displaced populations on their conditions and needs;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85c
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Assist national, provincial and local authorities, including parliamentarians, in creating and implementing the necessary laws and policies on internal displacement and related issues such as disaster management or property restitution;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85d
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Continue to recognize that the protection of internally displaced persons and other crisis-affected populations is also an international concern;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 85e
- Paragraph text
- [While the protection of internally displaced persons is the primary responsibility of national authorities, many of the countries most affected by internal displacement have weak State institutions with little capacity to assume this responsibility. The Representative urges all member States to show solidarity with the displaced and other crisis-affected populations and recommends that they:] Incorporate the Guiding Principles into international monitoring mechanisms such as the universal periodic review of the Human Rights Council and regional instruments;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 87b
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions constitute the ultimate form of protection for internally displaced persons. At the same time, the Representative sees some of the greatest problems in this area. Short-sighted political calculations often create protracted displacement situations, which are particularly difficult to transform into durable solutions. Despite some advances, donors and development actors are still not providing enough support for durable solutions, especially crucial investments in early recovery. The Representative recommends that member States:] Closely cooperate with humanitarian and development actors, on the basis of the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, to establish processes and conditions to ensure that internally displaced persons can find a safe and dignified durable solution of their choice;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 87c
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions constitute the ultimate form of protection for internally displaced persons. At the same time, the Representative sees some of the greatest problems in this area. Short-sighted political calculations often create protracted displacement situations, which are particularly difficult to transform into durable solutions. Despite some advances, donors and development actors are still not providing enough support for durable solutions, especially crucial investments in early recovery. The Representative recommends that member States:] Ensure that the displaced are at least indirectly involved in peace processes so that peace agreements and peacebuilding initiatives reflect their rights, needs and legitimate interests;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 87d
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions constitute the ultimate form of protection for internally displaced persons. At the same time, the Representative sees some of the greatest problems in this area. Short-sighted political calculations often create protracted displacement situations, which are particularly difficult to transform into durable solutions. Despite some advances, donors and development actors are still not providing enough support for durable solutions, especially crucial investments in early recovery. The Representative recommends that member States:] Develop more appropriate funding mechanisms to bridge the gap between emergency funding and development funding, which results in the systematic underfunding of recovery activities. Funding mechanisms must be flexible enough to respond not only to the needs of internally displaced persons themselves, but also to the needs of all displacement-affected communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- With the term of the Representative coming to an end in the late summer of 2010, the Council will have to decide about the future of the mandate. The Representative is of the opinion that the activities undertaken under the mandate have made a significant contribution to the promotion and protection of the human rights of internally displaced persons. The activities carried out under the mandate have contributed to the progressive development of the relevant conceptual, normative and institutional frameworks, and concrete improvements in respect of a number of specific country situations have been achieved.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- The nature of the mandate - situated at the heart of the United Nations system - and its access to many different agencies and offices, in particular all levels of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, have been key features that have contributed to its effectiveness. It has also proven to be important that the Human Rights Council designated the Representative to mainstream the human rights of internally displaced persons and flagged thematic priorities for him to consider, such as the protection of the displaced in situations of natural disaster or their involvement in peace processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- The close cooperation with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, on the basis of institutionalized arrangements, and access to resources beyond the regular support provided to a special procedure mandate holder by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, have been indispensable to taking up the array of tasks that the Representative has been mandated to carry out. The ability to work closely with institutions and non-governmental organizations outside the United Nations system has also reinforced the capacity of the Representative to carry out the responsibilities of the mandate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The above changes in our environment and climate are predicted to increase displacement and to alter its patterns, as people move to locations, predominantly within their own countries, which offer them greater human security and livelihoods. In some instances, for example when planned relocation is unsuccessful or when the spontaneously displaced congregate in urban centres already under pressure, secondary displacements may ensue. Indeed, secondary or cyclical displacements may become a by-product of ineffective adaptation strategies to address original displacement situations, as well as a consequence of the failure to sufficiently plan ahead in areas such as food security, urban planning or resource management - all of which may be put under additional pressure by the effects of climate change.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In 2008, the Human Rights Council, in its resolution 7/23, requested OHCHR to undertake a study, in consultation with States and other key stakeholders, on the relationship between climate change and human rights. The study (A/HRC/10/61) provides an overview of the effects of climate change for human rights, including its impact on specific rights, vulnerable groups of persons, forced displacement and conflict, and examines the human rights implications of response measures to climate change. Importantly, it outlines relevant national and international obligations under international human rights law, including those relating to the progressive realization of economic, social and cultural rights and access to information and participation in decision-making. The study concludes that measures to address climate change should be informed and strengthened by international human rights standards and principles.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Other actors have also enriched the discussion by focusing on specific rights or the impact of climate change on particular groups. In addition to posing a direct threat to the right to life, the effects of climate change are expected to have negative implications for basic rights relating to food (A/HRC/7/5), housing (A/64/255), water and health, and affect the overall right to an adequate standard of living (A/HRC/10/61, paras. 21-38). Some of these analyses have highlighted the link between the lack of access to these rights and displacement. In the context of climate change, internally displaced persons are also a growing category of persons considered to be especially at risk, given the adverse material, social and psychological consequences commonly associated with displacement. These risks are heightened by the fact that the most serious effects of climate change, including displacement, are predicted to disproportionately affect poor regions and countries and populations already in a vulnerable situation owing to poverty and other factors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Measures to address these vulnerabilities and meet the challenges related to climate change-induced displacement should be informed and supported by a human rights-based approach which is applied at all phases of displacement and disaster response. The Nansen principles, developed at the Nansen Conference on Climate Change and Displacement (see para. 15 above), underscored the need for such an approach. Principle I states that "responses to climate and environmentally-related displacement need to be informed by adequate knowledge and guided by the fundamental principles of humanity, human dignity, human rights and international cooperation".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Holding a central place in this framework are the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (see note 6 above), which are based on standards in international human rights and humanitarian law and, by analogy, international refugee law. While not legally binding as such, the Guiding Principles restate relevant hard law and have been affirmed by the international community as "an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons". They have served as an important normative standard for the protection of persons displaced in a variety of contexts including conflict, serious human rights violations, natural disasters, and development projects.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- Increased international support is needed to strengthen local and national capacities and legal frameworks and policies to address displacement resulting from the effects of climate change. This cooperation and assistance, and the full implementation of paragraph 14 (f) of the Cancun Adaptation Framework, will be essential to support States in taking all necessary steps to respect, protect and fulfil the rights of affected persons in accordance with their international human rights obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- The role of the Inter-agency Standing Committee in addressing and advocating on general humanitarian concerns as well as displacement-specific issues related to climate change is key and should be strengthened, including through the work of its task force on climate change, its participation in key global policy forums such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and technical inputs at the regional, national and subnational levels to build resilience and scale up practical climate change activities and adaptation measures.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The importance of displacement, and in particular internal displacement, within the climate change debate is well established and now calls for specific strategies and measures to address it. Already in 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that the greatest single impact of climate change might be on human migration. The Panel estimated that by 2050, 150 million people could be displaced by climate change-related phenomena, such as desertification, increasing water scarcity, floods and storms. Since then, while estimates have varied, it has generally been accepted that the effects of climate change will indeed result in large-scale movements of people, mostly within the boundaries of affected States, and that developing States in the southern hemisphere are likely to be the worst affected.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The socio-economic impact of climate change is expected to have significant consequences for the enjoyment of human rights, for the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and for human security (A/HRC/10/61) In this context, internal displacement represents a further challenge of adaptation to the effects of climate change. In its resolution 64/162 of 18 December 2009, the General Assembly recognized natural disasters as a cause of internal displacement and voiced concern about factors, such as climate change, that were expected to exacerbate the impact of natural hazards, and climate-related slow-onset events.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Conference of the Parties invited all parties to enhance action on adaptation under the Cancun Adaptation Framework, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, and specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, by undertaking, inter alia, measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard to climate change-induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, at national, regional and international levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The present report aims to explore the linkages between climate change and internal displacement from a human rights perspective. It draws on the 1998 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the core international human rights instruments and the principal climate change frameworks proposed to date. While not exhaustive, it highlights some key principles and concepts necessary to inform the discussion, sheds light on the complexities surrounding the issue and makes a number of recommendations which could serve to orient future work in this area.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The scope of the report is limited to internal displacement, in keeping with the parameters of the Special Rapporteur's mandate. Moreover, owing to the close linkages between climate change and the increased frequency and severity of natural disasters, combined with the inherent difficulty of distinguishing between natural disasters provoked by climate change and those unrelated to this phenomenon, the report takes an inclusive approach to the issue. Owing to space limitations, the specific situation of low-lying island States is not addressed, but will be the focus of attention in the Special Rapporteur's report to the Human Rights Council in March 2012 on his visit to Maldives in July 2011.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Two principal strategies to respond to the threats posed by climate change are mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation, in the context of climate change policy, refers to measures which aim to minimize the extent of global warming by reducing emission levels and stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Climate change adaptation measures are adjustments in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. Alternatively stated, they are measures that reduce harm and strengthen the capacity of societies and ecosystems to cope with and adapt to climate change risks and impacts. This report explores, in particular, possible adaptation measures specific to climate change-induced displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- While the effects of climate change are themselves expected to result in displacement, this factor should not be considered in isolation from broader global, regional and national dynamics. As highlighted at an expert workshop organized by UNHCR in 2011, the impact of climate change will interact with a number of global mega-trends such as population growth, rapid urbanization, increased human mobility and food, water and energy insecurity, as well as local and regional factors (pre-existing socio-economic and governance situations), which will potentially affect the magnitude and patterns of displacement as well as possible solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Climate change is arguably already acting as "an impact multiplier and accelerator". In addition to its negative impact on social and economic rights, which will itself provoke some displacement, climate change, interacting with other pressures or social and political factors, will exacerbate the risk of conflicts, which could then act as a driver of further displacement. Climate-related displacement is therefore likely to be characterized by multiple causalities, such as conflicts due to competition over resources or the loss of livelihoods. This was more recently highlighted during the Security Council debate of 20 July 2011 on the possible security implications of climate change, in which it was noted that climate change could aggravate or amplify existing security concerns and give rise to new ones, particularly in already fragile and vulnerable nations. It could also sharply intensify human displacement, bringing communities into increasing competition for finite natural resources with global repercussions for global economic stability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 32b
- Paragraph text
- Higher temperatures in water and air, and increasing acidity of seas;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles have also served as a basis for developing further operational guidance, such as the revised Operational Guidelines on the Protection of Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters (A/HRC/16/43/Add.5) and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons (A/HRC/13/21/Add.4), both adopted by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee. The former, in particular, represent progress in the application of a human rights-based approach to situations of natural disasters - situations closely related to climate change given the increased frequency of climate-related disasters. In addition to applying in different contexts, the Guiding Principles provide specific standards of assistance and protection at all stages of displacement, including in the prevention of displacement, during the displacement phase itself and in the search for durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles have further paved the way for a new regional treaty, the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention). Adopted in 2009, the Convention is the first legally binding instrument specifically on the protection of internally displaced persons. Article 5(4) specifically requires that measures be taken to protect and assist people who have been internally displaced by natural or human-made disasters, including those triggered by climate change. Moreover, as stated in article 2 (a), it is a particular objective of the Convention to prevent, mitigate, prohibit and eliminate the root causes of internal displacement. This requirement of prevention and mitigation is further detailed in article 4(2), which obligates parties to develop an early warning system in areas of potential displacement, disaster risk reduction strategies and emergency management measures, in addition to providing protection and assistance if necessary.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Other regional instruments, such as the Protocol on Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons, which implements the Guiding Principles, and the 2005 Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response of the Association of South East Asian Nations, provide further legal and policy frameworks to address displacement, including climate change-induced displacement, at the regional level. They could also potentially provide the basis for regional operational mechanisms for the coordination of humanitarian assistance, displacement-related adaptation schemes and the channelling of climate change adaptation funding.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- At the national level, the Guiding Principles are being increasingly used by many countries to develop their domestic laws and policies (see A/HRC/13/21, para. 15, and General Assembly resolution 64/162, paras. 10 and 13). The Nansen Principles (see para. 37 above) recognize the importance of the Guiding Principles in addressing climate change-induced internal displacement at the national level. Principle VIII states: "The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement provide a sound legal framework to address protection concerns arising from climate and other environmentally-related internal displacement. States are encouraged to ensure the adequate implementation and operationalization of these principles through national legislation, policies and institutions."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In the context of climate change-induced internal displacement and the increased frequency of related natural disasters, it is now more important than ever that national legislation fully include provisions for these situations, and not just for situations of conflict-related displacement. In this regard, the Cancun Adaptation Framework specifically urges all parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to "strengthen and, where necessary, establish and/or designate national-level institutional arrangements, with a view to enhancing work on the full range of adaptation actions [including displacement-related adaptation measures], from planning to implementation" (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1, decision 1/CP.16, para. 32).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The present section focuses on adaptation strategies which relate to disaster management, prevention and durable solutions, rather than humanitarian assistance during the displacement phase itself. Effective responses to the human rights challenges related to climate change-induced internal displacement will require the international community to move beyond the traditional humanitarian assistance and reactive governance models. As suggested by principles IV and V of the Nansen principles, addressing internal displacement in the context of climate change is likely to demand greater focus on foresight, reliable data and monitoring systems, as well as the positive obligations of prevention, resilience building and durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Disaster risk reduction is defined as "the conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibility to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development". Stated differently, disaster risk reduction seeks to address the underlying risk factors in order to reduce avoidable loss of life, as well as loss of property and livelihoods - many of which affect internally displaced persons directly. With this aim in mind, the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Hyogo, Japan from 18 to 22 January 2005, adopted a 10-year plan which was signed by 168 States Members of the United Nations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In the face of the increased frequency and intensity of natural hazards, governments have a responsibility to take reasonable preventive action to reduce exposure, minimize vulnerabilities and avoid or limit the adverse impact of hazards. As highlighted by the General Assembly in its resolution 64/142, the consequences of hazards can be prevented or substantially mitigated by disaster risk reduction strategies, which, it suggested, should be integrated into national development policies and programmes. Strategies may include physical infrastructures, but also measures to build national and local humanitarian response and disaster management systems, establish participation mechanisms and strengthen the resilience of affected persons and early recovery capacities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Early warning mechanisms can be instrumental in minimizing damage and loss of life, as well as displacement. However, preliminary analysis of the famine and resulting displacements in Somalia in July and August 2011 shows that while a disaster was forecast as early as November 2010 by the Famine Early Warning Systems Network, the famine was not declared until July 2011, and response by donors to funding appeals by the United Nations was insufficient. While insecurity and lack of humanitarian access exacerbate the difficulties in the case of Somalia, this most recent situation, as well as the drought affecting neighbouring countries, have revealed systemic difficulties on the part of both States and the international community in responding proactively to early warnings in order to prevent disasters or limit the adverse impacts on populations, even in the case of slow-onset disasters such as famine. This indicates that technical mechanisms such as early warning systems need to be combined with political will and responsive governance systems that implement preparedness, disaster risk reduction and other adaptation measures in a timely.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- In addition to early warning systems, legal preparedness measures, such as national legislation and policies, and other measures to protect the human rights of internally displaced persons can be put in place before disaster strikes in order to limit the negative impact of potential displacement. They can include measures to preserve and restore family unity (e.g. during evacuations), which is a key factor contributing to protection, and to ensure the replacement of personal documentation through rapid and simplified procedures. They can also include measures to protect housing, land and property rights through the registration and safekeeping of land titles; mechanisms to resolve property disputes following a disaster; and precautions to ensure that disaster relief interventions are conducted in such a way as to avoid discrimination (for example on the basis of gender, age or ethnicity).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Guiding Principle 7(1) provides that "prior to any decision requiring the displacement of persons, the authorities concerned shall ensure that all feasible alternatives are explored in order to avoid displacement altogether" and that " where no alternatives exist, all measures shall be taken to minimize displacement and its adverse effects". Adaptation strategies related to potential displacement should, therefore, also include investments and measures to avoid and minimize such displacements, where that is feasible.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Some climate change-induced displacement however, such as movements triggered by slow-onset disasters, may require more emphasis on the positive obligations of States, with the support of regional bodies and the international community, to anticipate, plan ahead and take measures to prevent or mitigate conditions likely to bring about displacement and threaten human rights. This precautionary role to ensure conditions conducive to human rights, including rights related to an adequate standard of living which allow one to avoid displacement, is a standard of governmental, international governance and human rights protection which is based on positive obligations and actions, rather than the negative obligation of non-interference in human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- To discharge its obligations, responsible governance will need to develop capacities to detect potential disaster and displacement situations early on, accountability mechanisms to ensure that follow-up prevention and protection measures are taken, and more effective systems of local and regional consultation which engage affected populations in decisions about their future. In particular, addressing potential displacement in cases of slow-onset disasters may demand that, in addition to environmental adaptation measures to minimize degradation (e.g. soil erosion), measures be taken to address a wide range of social issues at the local level. These can include pre-emptive measures such as economic diversification, the development of alternative forms of livelihoods, addressing issues related to the management of natural resources and putting in place appropriate social safety nets for the most vulnerable sectors of the population.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur on the right to food for example, has analysed the adverse impact of extreme climate changes on livelihoods and food security. The impact of climate change on agricultural production in developing countries in particular, which has been well documented, will result in volatile markets and threaten the right to food for millions of people. It may be necessary to address and re-evaluate methods of agricultural production, in addition to addressing humanitarian assistance needs. Research and decisions made with regard to agricultural approaches and other measures to ensure food security and resource management will profoundly affect displacement patterns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In the case of internal displacement caused by sudden-onset disasters, disaster risk reduction and measures to build resilience are key elements to preventing displacement or limiting its consequences It is also important to ensure that early recovery and reconstruction are undertaken at the earliest possible opportunity so that displacement does not last longer than required. However, this has represented a key and systemic challenge to date, which humanitarian and development actors, as well as States, must address in their displacement-related adaptation strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Guiding Principle 7(3) provides for a number of such procedural guarantees, in addition to the requirements in Guiding Principle 7(1) mentioned in paragraph 52 above. A specific decision by an appropriate State authority is required; full information must be provided to internally displaced persons on the reasons and procedures for the displacement, the place of relocation and compensation; and their free and informed consent must be sought. Moreover, authorities must endeavour to involve affected persons, including women, in the management and planning of the relocation and ensure that the right to an effective remedy, including the review of decisions, is respected.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Plans to relocate individuals or communities need to ensure effective participation by the affected population in all decisions, including with regard to the new relocation site and the timing and modalities of the relocation. Key and often difficult issues in relocations frequently include access to land, livelihood opportunities and compensation for the displaced. Relocation plans need to be sensitive to other factors as well, such as issues of community, ethnic and cultural identity and possible (often pre-existing) incompatibilities or tensions with the receiving community. Measures which are sensitive to the needs and concerns of the receiving community, including with regard to absorption capacity (additional pressures placed on natural and other resources, community services, etc.), and which promote integration, and mediation where necessary, will often be necessary. These require working with all parties in order to foster trust and provide the necessary support for the relocation to both the displaced and the receiving communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- While sometimes necessary, the relocation of communities should always remain a measure of last resort. Relocation plans and sites often present a number of problems which tend to make them unsuccessful. Concerns relating to compensation and the loss of housing and livelihoods, for example, may result in resistance by communities to relocation plans until a tragedy or disaster strikes. In other situations, the problem is the distance between the original and the new site. Not recognising the importance of location can sometimes result in displaced persons returning to the original high-risk area. This is often the experience with informal settlements in urban settings for example. People frequently return to such settlements because of the high value they place on being close to the city centre, to their source of livelihood and to the community and social networks they have established, which are a critical source of support, especially for vulnerable groups.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The erosion of livelihoods, in part provoked by climate change, is considered a key push factor for the increase in rural-to-urban migration, most of which will be to urban slums and informal settlements offering precarious living conditions (A/HRC/10/61, para. 37). More than 50 per cent of the world's population currently live in urban areas, most of which are situated in low- and middle-income nations. One third of this urban population (1 billion people) live in precarious informal settlements and slums, which exacerbates their vulnerability to humanitarian crisis. By 2030, it is estimated that urban populations will surpass 5 billion and that 80 per cent of urban populations will live in towns and cities in the developing world. In Asia and Africa, experts note that "urban growth is accentuated by the increasing number of refugees and internally displaced persons who tend to migrate to cities".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Unplanned influxes to urban settings present a number of potential risks. Because internally displaced persons are more likely to be "untitled", "unregistered", "unlisted" and "undocumented", inequalities which existed prior to a disaster may be reinforced after the disaster. As newcomers, internally displaced persons are likely to have less access to resources and livelihoods, to live in slum areas, and to be the potential targets of urban violence in these sites. Like other impoverished slum-dwellers they may be forced to live in hazard-prone locations such as low-lying areas and landfill sites, exposing them to risks to their physical safety and the risk of loss of housing and further displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- According to experts, the very "concentration of resources, assets and services in cities can lead to more debilitating impacts of disasters, conflict and violence". This has drawn the attention of the humanitarian community and urban specialists to the particular impact on urban settings of climate change, with a focus on the increasing urban vulnerability gap, housing challenges and the need to move away from only focusing on humanitarian response and develop disaster prevention strategies specific to urban settings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- The international community has acknowledged that measures responding to the effects of climate change are likely to have adverse economic and social consequences for some, and that support, including financing, technology and capacity-building, will be necessary in order to minimize these impacts and "build up the resilience of societies and economies negatively affected by response measures". However, safeguards to prevent or minimize displacement resulting from measures which aim to mitigate climate change - and which in many cases affect indigenous and minority groups - continue to be weak.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Agro-fuel production and programmes to preserve forest cover, which have at times been found to impinge on the rights of indigenous peoples in relation to their traditional lands and culture, are examples of how some climate change mitigation measures can have adverse consequences and lead to forced displacement. Guidelines developed to date by development actors in the context of large-scale development projects, including some which promote clean energy such as hydroelectric dams, have been criticized as well for failing to minimize displacement and sufficiently apply human rights standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Guiding Principles 6(c) and 7(1)(3) provide for specific standards and criteria that must be met when displacement is envisaged in a non-emergency context, such as with regard to the mitigation measures mentioned above and large-scale development projects. In the context of mitigation measures to address climate change, it will be important to assess the potential displacement likely to result from such measures and to strengthen guidelines, applying the standards in the Guiding Principles and a human rights-based approach.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Given the predicted extent of displacement provoked by the effects of climate change, adaptation strategies will require measures not only to alleviate the immediate humanitarian consequences and suffering, but also to end situations of displacement through durable solutions. While moving or fleeing to a safer location may provide temporary relief, it is well established that prolonged displacement situations exacerbate existing vulnerabilities, create dependency, lead to social tensions, and generally lead to a number of serious protection, humanitarian and human rights challenges.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In many instances, internally displaced persons may live in compact settlements or camps, which present a number of further concerns, including concerns for personal safety, and in particular sexual and gender-based violence; the pull factor related to the provision of assistance in the camps; and the fact that camps may sustain a humanitarian assistance situation for too long at the expense of early recovery and durable solutions. As levels of displacement rise in the context of climate change, the urgency of finding long-lasting solutions for affected populations and avoiding the precariousness, marginalization and instability associated with situations of protracted displacement, will become a national, and potentially regional, security imperative.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In order to be successful, adaptation measures addressing internal displacement must provide durable solutions strategies in the form of return, local integration or resettlement in another part of the country. However, in the context of climate change, durable solutions are likely to be more complex and less static or one-dimensional. They may combine a number of solutions, including movements which are seasonal or temporary, or solutions which include continuity with the place of origin as well as integration in a different part of the country (for example, part of the family returns to the place of origin permanently or on a seasonal basis, while the breadwinner works in another location). Strategies addressing internal displacement should therefore be sufficiently flexible to include and support various scenarios of human adaptation, and ensure that durable solutions are based on free and informed consent.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Other factors conducive to durable solutions include re-establishing local economies and livelihoods, encouraging self-reliance in affected communities and promoting their participation in all activities, from humanitarian assistance delivery to engagement with development actors. In the case of resettlement or relocation, strategies related to land, housing and livelihoods are essential, as is a community-based approach which takes account of the needs of receiving communities. Increased internal displacement will also require mechanisms to address possible integration challenges and tensions with receiving communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Durable solutions for displaced populations should be part of national adaptation plans, and local and national capacity-building programmes, and be supported by funds made available for adaptation measures. They should also be part of national development plans. Some effects of climate change, however, may affect the types of durable solutions accessible to affected populations. In the case of certain types of slow-onset disasters, for example, return may not be a viable alternative for the foreseeable future. This highlights the need to explore various possible options early on and integrate them within national development and adaptation plans, in order to minimize the social and humanitarian consequences of spontaneous and large-scale internal displacement. In extreme situations, such as the case of some low-lying island States, where conditions are no longer fit for human habitation, durable solutions may also have to be explored through regional and international cooperative efforts, which may pave the way for new standards and options, including cross-border displacements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Procedural rights of affected persons have a critical place in the context of climate change-induced displacement. They help ensure respect for human rights and a more effective response to specific vulnerabilities, and promote the empowerment of affected persons as well as the full use of their capacities. Indeed, individual and community resilience will largely depend on the extent to which internally displaced persons are empowered to adapt to change and included in decisions affecting their lives. Procedural rights include, inter alia, access to information; consultation and effective participation in decision-making processes; and access to effective remedies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The Cancun Adaptation Framework recognizes the need to support adaptation measures which are "country driven, gender sensitive, participatory and fully transparent […] taking into consideration vulnerable groups [and] communities" (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1, decision 1/CP.16, para. 12). It further recognizes the need for measures to enhance understanding and cooperation with regard to climate change-induced displacement and planned relocation and the need to undertake impact vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including on the social and economic consequences of climate change adaptation options and response measures (paras. 14 (b) and (f) and preamble to section III.E). While complementary, the Guiding Principles and the Framework for Durable Solutions provide more specific and detailed guidance on standards related to participatory and procedural rights of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- The State has the primary responsibility to protect and assist persons displaced within its borders. At the same time, in the context of climate change-induced displacement and the disproportionate burden imposed on poor regions and countries, shared international responsibility has also been acknowledged. Where State capacities and resources are insufficient, international cooperation and partnerships should help support the cost of adaptation measures. This is consistent with human rights standards and principles (A/HRC/10/61, para. 87) and recognized in the Cancun Adaptation Framework, which invites Parties to enhance action on adaptation, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and capacities as well as their priorities and circumstances (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1, decision 1/CP.16, para. 14).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Climate change has served to crystallize the impact of actions by individual States which go beyond the State to affect the rights of people and communities around the globe. Climate change knows no State or generational boundaries. Effective systems of international cooperation and responsible domestic governance are thus required to address it in line with human rights obligations and to support adaptation strategies to deal with the various human rights challenges, such as displacement, that it presents to the international community as a whole.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- A human rights-based approach should be used to inform and strengthen all actions, at the local, regional, national and international levels, to address climate change-related internal displacement. The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, which are based on standards in international human rights law, humanitarian law and, by analogy, refugee law, provide a sound legal framework which States should implement at the national level through legislation, policies and institutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Adaptation measures to address climate change-induced displacement should be comprehensive in nature, so as to encompass disaster risk reduction and management; proactive strategies to prevent or minimize displacement; planned relocations, when appropriate; pre-emptive internal migration when this is based on sound national policies and used as a coping mechanism in the case of slow-onset disasters; and durable solutions. Such measures must be in line with international human rights obligations, and include the provision of humanitarian assistance and protection to affected persons during the displacement phase.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- The various climate change adaptation funds should incorporate support for adaptation measures related to climate change-induced internal displacement. They should support the efforts of national Governments in this regard as well as community engagement. Financing mechanisms should adopt a comprehensive approach to displacement-related adaptation measures, running the gamut from prevention to durable solutions as detailed above, and uphold safeguards with regard to forced displacements and planned relocations. Such mechanisms should keep abreast of relevant research and be consistent with normative developments in this field.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Disaster risk reduction and disaster preparedness measures should be enhanced in order to prevent or minimize the displacement of persons. This is particularly necessary in light of the more frequent and severe sudden-onset disasters, as well as the dire humanitarian consequences of slow-onset disasters such as droughts, both of which are due to the negative effects of climate change. National disaster management systems, laws and policies should incorporate a human rights-based approach, stress local or community capacity-building and participation and refer to applicable standards on internal displacement in the event displacement cannot be avoided. Disaster management measures should be included in national development plans and climate change adaptation strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In the same spirit, the mandate aims to continue to pursue and strengthen the solid cooperation already established between the mandate and United Nations organizations. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur will continue to participate and contribute positively to the work of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, to collaborate with United Nations Country Teams and to work closely with the Emergency Relief Coordinator, OCHA, OHCHR and UNHCR. Civil society organizations, international as well as national, and displacement affected communities will of course remain key counterparts for the mandate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- A central component of this mandate consists in following situations which have or can potentially trigger internal displacement and humanitarian crises. The Special Rapporteur is committed to engage with States and communities affected by such situations at every stage, including in the prevention of forced displacement, during the displacement phase itself, and in the search for durable solutions. In this context, and in line with resolution 14/6, he stands ready to cooperate with Governments, affected communities, relevant United Nations agencies and other relevant stakeholders, to address the human rights protection, assistance and development needs of internally displaced persons, including through country visits and continued engagement with regard to the implementation of the recommendations resulting from such visits.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- As the first, and thus far only, legally binding regional instrument on internal displacement, the adoption of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons (Kampala Convention) in October 2009 is a major achievement. It represents the will and determination of African States to address the problem of internal displacement in Africa, which is home to 12 million internally displaced persons, and over 40 per cent of all IDPs worldwide who have been displaced due to conflict or violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the legal significance of the adoption of this instrument, the Convention is all the more significant for the comprehensive manner in which it addresses internal displacement. It provides guarantees against forced displacement, standards for the protection of persons during the displacement phase, as well as with regard to durable solutions. It also covers a broad range of possible causes of displacement, including conflict, human rights violations, natural or man-made disasters and development projects.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Since its endorsement, a total of 29 of the 53 African Union Member States have signed the Convention and three States, namely Uganda, Sierra Leone and Chad, have ratified it. However, in order to enter into force and become legally binding, the Convention must be ratified by a minimum of 15 countries. The Special Rapporteur strongly urges all African States to ratify the Convention, even if they are not presently affected by displacement. The Convention will ensure that these countries too are prepared and can provide protection to their populations from forced displacement, as well in the event of a natural disaster. Moreover, it is now vital that African Member States follow through and conclude the process which began with the adoption of the Convention, by speedily signing and ratifying the Convention so that it may actually come into force.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The next steps, to which the IDP mandate will wish to contribute, are therefore to actively promote the ratification by States of the Convention and to continue to assist in putting in place policy and legislative frameworks which will ensure its implementation at the national level. The Special Rapporteur is encouraged by the fact that a number of African States have already developed or are in the course of developing national laws and policies to address the issue of internal displacement, many of which are based on the Guiding Principles. This has been reinforced by the 2006 Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons (Great Lakes Protocol), which requires Member States to incorporate the Guiding Principles into domestic legislation. This mandate has already had a practice of engaging with States, including African States, in the development of national IDP policies and legislation. Most recently, it provided technical assistance earlier this year to Kenya in the elaboration of a draft national IDP policy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The mandate intends to continue to actively engage with African States on the ratification and implementation of the Kampala Convention in a number of ways, including: by holding regional consultations and workshops with concerned States; providing technical advice and assistance in the formulation of national policies and legislation implementing the Convention; and by developing generic tools on the Convention intended to provide guidance on specific aspects related to its domestic implementation. The latter could include annotations and commentary to the Convention, which can render more explicit the content and implications of its provisions and in this manner also assist its application and interpretation by States. A fuller description of the content of the Kampala Convention could also draw on the link between the Guiding Principles and the Convention, as well as its integration and references to international humanitarian, criminal and human rights law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Although much attention has been devoted to the scientific evidence of climate change and the preventive and mitigation measures necessary to stop or manage this phenomena, relatively little attention has been paid to date on the human rights implications of climate change and even less to finding durable solutions to climate-induced forced displacement. Yet, as pointed out by an OHCHR report in 2009, very tangible rights are potentially impacted by climate change including, inter alia, the right to life, water, food, health, and housing. In this context, internally displaced persons remain entitled to the range of human rights, including protection from arbitrary displacement, and to rights related to housing and property restitution which are so vital to durable solutions. It is estimated that many millions of people may be forcibly displaced due to climate change in the coming decades.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Practical issues, including housing, land and property rights and livelihood, which are all necessary for sustainable and durable solutions, will become even more dominant issues in this type of displacement. Indeed, with the irreversible effects (in the immediate future) of certain phenomena such as the loss of arable land or biodiversity, finding durable solutions for displaced communities may become a key challenge. Adopting a human rights approach to climate change-induced displacement provides an internationally accepted framework within which to begin a dialogue and identify rights based solutions for these difficult issues. However, further work is necessary in this regard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Human rights obligations engage State responsibility before disaster strikes as well in its aftermath. In the case of climate change and environmental destruction, due diligence obligations should prevail in order to prevent or mitigate the impact of natural disasters and the deterioration of environments necessary to human life and to the particular way of life of certain groups such as indigenous peoples, and persons with pastoralist or nomadic lifestyles. It is worth highlighting that these groups of persons as well as vulnerable groups, such as those suffering from chronic poverty in the developing world, are expected to be the most affected by climate change, natural disasters, and the ensuing displacement (see A/HRC/10/13/Add.1, paras. 22, 65, 66, 73).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the individual and collective responsibility of States to put in place adequate preventive and mitigation strategies, such as measures relating to climate change adaptation and disaster risk management, States also bear responsibility for securing the human rights of persons affected directly or indirectly by related events. Amongst other things, this includes addressing food crisis brought on or aggravated by loss of arable land, droughts, floods, and loss of biodiversity, but it also entails putting in place systems of social protection for persons who have become landless, homeless, deprived of livelihoods - and more often than not also internally displaced. Humankind has more recently had an important role to play in exacerbating the onset of both natural disasters and climate-related developments, and from a human rights perspective we must assume our responsibility to address the serious human rights impact on individuals and communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The Human Rights Council resolution 14/6 extending this mandate, requests the Special Rapporteur to "integrate a gender perspective throughout the work of the mandate, and to give special consideration to the human rights of internally displaced women and children, as well as of other groups with special needs, such as older persons, persons with disabilities and severely traumatized individuals affected by internal displacement, and their particular assistance, protection and development needs". As part of carrying out this aspect of the mandate, a special focus will be given to exploring more specifically the situation of internally displaced women and girls, including in various types of internal displacement situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement explicitly call on States to provide protection for women and girls, including by safeguarding them from gender-specific violence and by ensuring their rights to equal access to services and participation in assistance programs. Yet, we know that abuses against displaced women and girls continue to be perpetrated with impunity in many parts of the world, and that many do not have adequate access to key rights and services, or to adequate physical, legal or social protection. While efforts have been made to strengthen legal protection for displaced women who are survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, more needs to be done both at this level, as well as in terms of concrete assistance so that these women and their families can rebuild their lives and durable solutions be found together with them. Assistance without durable solutions will never be sufficient to improve their situation and their vulnerability to further abuse and human rights violations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Sexual and gender-based violence is frequently used as a tactic of war to forcibly displace civilians in order to achieve military or political objectives, to punish communities for their political allegiances, or as a way of conducting inter-ethnic fighting. The impunity that accompanies these crimes is such that armed actors sometimes return to conduct mass rapes on survivors a second time, even after displacement. The risk of this type of violence during displacement is well documented and occurs in the context of both conflict and non-conflict induced displacement situations. Women are also particularly affected by the breakdown of basic infrastructure, given their role as care-givers, and when assistance is insufficient they often face the dilemma of having to subject themselves to sexual exploitation in order to feed their children. Once the reasons for displacement have ended, women are rarely included in peace processes or decisions relating to their future, so that durable solutions fail to take into account what would actually enable these women to rebuild their lives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Of the 27 million IDPs in the world today, the vast majority live outside the types of settings, namely IDP camps and settlements, which we have come to associate with displacement situations. Indeed, the majority live in either urban or rural settings either by their own means in rented accommodation for example, or with host families. In some situations, IDPs merge with homeless or landless sections of the population in shantytowns and squatter areas. The capacity of the humanitarian community to address the specific needs of these displaced populations, as well as the particular impact and needs of host communities, however remains inadequate. A variety of reasons have converged to promote expertise and mechanisms that provide humanitarian assistance in camps and settlements, while ad hoc responses generally remain the norm with regard to IDPs outside of camps - sometime referred to as the 'invisible displaced' due to the difficulty in identifying and assisting them once they have become part of the general population.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Assisting IDPs in these diffuse settings can often be more complex and technically challenging than servicing a compact camp of internally displaced persons; the latter are frequently much less mobile and remain in camp for predictable periods of time, they represent a consolidated group of persons which one can identify and monitor more easily for assistance and protection needs, and the provision of assistance is facilitated by the fact that is takes place in a set location. While practices to effectively assist IDPs outside camp settings already exist among international and national actors in many countries, challenges include consolidating and systematizing good practices, and more broadly adapting humanitarian responses to IDPs to different types of non-camp settings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Improving our effectiveness and responsiveness to internally displaced persons outside of camps represents not only a humanitarian challenge whose time has come, but also raises a number of dilemmas and opportunities. One aspect which can be perceived as a dilemma is the question of whether and how to specifically assist internally displaced persons in the context of residents of local communities similarly in need. Such situations can occur in the aftermath of conflict-induced displacements as well as in the case of natural disasters, where the displaced merge within host communities which, while not displaced, may have for example lost their livelihoods. At the same time, municipalities and local resources may be placed under increased pressure from the influx of new residents.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur believes that while the displacement-specific needs of IDPs must be addressed, a community based approach which also addresses the needs of displacement-affected communities and host families is necessary in such situations, and that more predictable systems and standards should be established for this purpose. More clearly established response systems in such settings could have the added benefit of acting as a "push" factor from camps - compelling more persons to avoid resorting to camps or settlements or to move from camps in order to find alternative arrangements and begin the process of reintegration into mainstream society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Assistance to displacement-affected communities may however, require a different approach to humanitarian assistance, so that the concept of assistance extends to include early recovery and development interventions, such as those related to the rehabilitation of key infrastructure necessary for basic services, such as water, sanitation, health and education. In the same vein, communities of return, resettlement or local integration will often require similar assistance in addition to efforts related to livelihoods and reconciliation measures. Situations characterized by mass destruction and displacement either due to conflict or natural disasters, such as the case of Haiti, are examples of the need to think beyond camps and to support all displacement-affected communities; a strategy which will also avoid situations of protracted displacement where IDP residents are unable to leave for lack of alternatives, and where impoverished neighbours sometimes join the camp in order to have access to the basic services that it provides.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In 2012, the mandate on the human rights of internally displaced persons, established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1992/73, celebrates its twentieth anniversary. To mark this occasion, the present thematic section of the report provides an overview of the evolution of, and the achievements, challenges and trends relating to, internal displacement over the past two decades; a theme intended to provide an opportunity for reflection on key milestones, and for engaging in forward thinking as both new and long-standing displacement challenges continue to be addressed. Born from a recognized need to address the phenomenon of internal displacement, this mandate, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, which it developed, and the efforts to strengthen the humanitarian response system since the 1990s continue to be as relevant as ever.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- According to recent estimates, at the end of 2011 the number of persons internally displaced owing to armed conflict, generalized violence or human rights violations stood at 26.4 million. This figure included new large-scale displacements in several regions, including in Africa and the Middle East. Protracted displacement, including long-standing situations in which one or more generations have grown up in displacement, were also a key feature of displacement trends in 2011, affecting an estimated 40 countries. The current figure of nearly 27 million internally displaced persons worldwide reflects a steady increase over the past 15 years due to new displacements but also to unresolved protracted displacement situations and ongoing internal conflicts. In the late 1990s this figure was less than 20 million.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The majority of such displacements over the past four years have been due to a small number of large and megadisasters. Although megadisasters are relatively rare they have a great impact on internal displacement figures. In terms of the number of internally displaced persons, in 2011 the top 10 disasters continued to be in Asia, including multiple events in China, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Japan. In contrast to the visibility of large and megadisasters, many smaller disasters go relatively underreported. Yet, their impact on low-income households and communities, especially if they are recurrent, has the effect of undermining resilience and aggravating vulnerabilities or creating new ones. As such, they are an issue deserving of further attention by humanitarian and development actors alike.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Although significant data and research exist with regard to displacement due to sudden onset hazards, slow onset natural hazards and disasters, for example drought and desertification, and their impact on internal displacement are a feature of climate change which is less understood and on which far fewer data are readily available. It is essential that work continue to be undertaken in this area in order to improve the monitoring of displacement patterns, the availability and quality of data collection, and appropriate prevention and response systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- In 1992, the United Nations Secretary-General noted that indeed there was no clear statement of the human rights of internally displaced persons and that international law in that regard consisted in a patchwork of customary and conventional standards (E/CN.4/1992/23, para. 103). He called for the elaboration of guidelines that would clarify the implications of existing human rights law for persons who were internally displaced, and fashion from existing standards one comprehensive, universally applicable body of principles which addressed the main needs and problems of such persons (ibid., para. 104).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- This call was in large part due to the efforts of a group of non-governmental organizations, which in 1990 undertook a joint campaign to highlight the gaps in the international system with respect to internally displaced persons and to advocate for the development of relevant international standards and the appointment of a United Nations representative on internally displaced persons. In 1992, the then Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1992/73, in which it called upon the Secretary-General to appoint a representative on internally displaced persons, who was tasked as one of his first activities to examine the applicability of international human rights and humanitarian and refugee law to the protection of internally displaced persons. Francis Deng, a scholar and diplomat from the Sudan, was appointed Special Representative and, together with a team of international legal experts and institutions, set out to fulfil this mandate, including through extensive consultations over several years.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- When seeking to identify specific rights for internally displaced persons, based on the particular needs of this category of persons, the Special Representative and the legal team found that some grey areas and gaps existed. They concluded that, while improving protection for internally displaced persons would indeed require a restatement of the law that rendered it more relevant to their specific needs and addressed the existing gaps, this could be achieved through a compilation and adaptation of existing international law to the needs of internally displaced persons, thus rendering it unnecessary to create new law. This manner of working within existing law that had already been agreed upon by States, and formulating guidance for its specific application to internally displaced persons, was an innovative and key feature of the Guiding Principles. The fact that they were based on and reflected existing international human rights and humanitarian law, and by analogy, international refugee law, strengthened their standing and acceptance by States.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were drafted and subject to a broad-based consultation process from 1996 to 1998, and finalized at a conference of 50 international experts in Vienna, hosted by the Government of Austria. In 1998, the Special Representative presented the outcome of this work to the Human Rights Commission, which unanimously adopted resolution 1998/50, in which it took note of the Guiding Principles and of the Special Representative's stated intention to use them in his ongoing dialogue with Governments and other relevant actors. An annotated version of the Guiding Principles published in 2000 further improved understanding of their legal foundations by detailing the provisions in hard law on which each of the Guiding Principles is based.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- In 1990, in its resolution 1990/78, the Economic and Social Council requested the Secretary-General to initiate a United Nations system-wide review to assess the experience and capacity of various organizations in the coordination of assistance to all refugees, displaced persons and returnees and to recommend ways of maximizing cooperation and coordination among the various organizations of the United Nations system in order to ensure an effective response to the problems of those populations. In its resolution 1991/25, the then Commission on Human Rights also specifically requested the Secretary-General to take into account the protection of the human rights of internally displaced persons in the system-wide review and submit to the Commission an analytical report on internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Following the Secretary-General's report on the system-wide review (E/CN.4/1992/23), a number of significant measures were taken to strengthen the coordination of humanitarian emergency assistance of the United Nations, including the designation of an emergency relief coordinator and the establishment of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, to be chaired by the Emergency Relief Coordinator (see General Assembly resolution 46/182, annex, paras. 34 and 38). The Inter-Agency Standing Committee includes all United Nations operational agencies, this mandate, intergovernmental organizations, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and IOM, and non-governmental organizations, either by standing invitation or on an ad hoc basis. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee therefore became the primary mechanism for inter-agency coordination and the development of policy for ensuring a coherent and timely response to humanitarian emergencies (see General Assembly resolution 48/57, para. 6).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Subsequently, and as part of the United Nations reform of 1997, the General Assembly explicitly tasked the Emergency Relief Coordinator to take on a central role in the inter-agency coordination of protection and assistance to internally displaced persons (see A/51/950, para. 186). In December 1999, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee adopted the policy paper on the protection of internally displaced persons submitted to it by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Francis Deng, thereby representing an acknowledgement by the heads of the various United Nations agencies that the protection of internally displaced persons was "of concern to all humanitarian/development agencies", and establishing the "collaborative approach" as the main vehicle for the inter-agency response to the needs of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- However, a study undertaken a few years later, in 2003, found that while considerable efforts had been made in a number of countries, the United Nations approach to protecting the rights of internally displaced persons continued to be largely ad hoc and suffered from insufficient political and financial support, which had undermined efforts in the field. The General Assembly reiterated the need to further strengthen inter-agency arrangements and the capacities of the United Nations and other relevant actors in order to meet the immense challenges of internal displacement and stressed the importance of an effective, accountable and predictable collaborative approach (resolution 58/177, para. 13). This led to the adoption by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee of a policy which sought to reinforce the collaborative response, but which was subsequently superseded in 2006 by the cluster approach, an arrangement aimed at creating more predictable and accountable leadership in nine sectors of humanitarian response.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- At the global level, the Heads of State and Government assembled in New York for the 2005 World Summit unanimously recognized the Guiding Principles as an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons (General Assembly resolution 60/1, para. 132), a recognition subsequently echoed by the Human Rights Council in its resolutions 6/32 and 20/9, and the General Assembly in resolution 66/125. The General Assembly further welcomed the fact that an increasing number of States, United Nations agencies and regional and non-governmental organizations were applying them as a standard, and encouraged all relevant actors to make use of the Guiding Principles when dealing with situations of internal displacement (resolution 62/152, para. 10). In addition, it has also recognized that the protection of internally displaced persons has been strengthened by identifying, reaffirming and consolidating specific standards for their protection, in particular through the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (resolution 66/165, tenth preambular paragraph).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The Protocol on Internally Displaced Persons served as an impetus for the African Union to draft the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (the Kampala Convention). A watershed in international law for the protection of internally displaced persons, the Kampala Convention was adopted by the African Union at its first ever Special Summit on Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons, held in Kampala in October 2009. Developed over a five-year period, a process to which this mandate contributed at the request of the African Union, the Kampala Convention incorporates the Guiding Principles and sets out obligations for States parties, the African Union and humanitarian agencies in relation to all phases of displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- In recognition of the primary responsibility of the State for protection and assistance to internally displaced persons, the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council and its predecessor, the Commission on Human Rights, have over the years repeatedly encouraged Governments to develop domestic legal and policy frameworks based on the Guiding Principles. It is estimated that, at present, over 20 countries have adopted or issued policies, laws or decrees relating specifically to internal displacement. A number of other countries, including Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Kenya, Nigeria and Yemen, are currently in the process of developing, or have already announced, draft national policies or legislation, a process which this mandate has routinely supported. Of note also is the adoption of the first state- or provincial-level law on internally displaced persons, in Mexico, where the State of Chiapas adopted a law on displacement in February 2012 which incorporates the Guiding Principles.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- While those laws and policies mark positive developments, many domestic frameworks adopted to date vary in their scope, guarantees of protection and assistance to internally displaced persons, and coverage of relevant issues. Not all of the laws and policies include a definition of an internally displaced person or provide clear institutional responsibilities, and many address only a particular cause or stage of displacement, such as conflict or return, while others focus only on particular rights. Domestic courts have, in some cases, referred to the Guiding Principles to call on Governments to fulfil their responsibilities with regard to internally displaced persons. For example, the Constitutional Court of Colombia ruled that the Guiding Principles must be considered as parameters for the creation and interpretation of norms regulating internal displacement and the attention given by the State to the internally displaced.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Other significant activities in support of the development of national internal displacement frameworks, to which this mandate has contributed, include a manual for law and policymakers, published in 2008, which provides guidance to national authorities seeking to develop domestic legislation and policies addressing internal displacement in their countries. An earlier and important publication, Addressing Internal Displacement: A Framework for National Responsibility, published in 2005, provides guidance to Governments in relation to their national responsibilities for internally displaced persons, in the form of 12 benchmarks which enable States to prevent, address and provide durable solutions to internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- More recently, a study published in 2011 used the Framework for National Responsibility as a basis to examine the manner and extent to which national authorities were addressing internal displacement in 15 of the 20 countries most affected by internal displacement due to conflict, generalized violence and human rights violations. One of the study's main findings was that national human rights institutions can play a pivotal role in improving national responses to internal displacement. In particular, they have played an important role in raising awareness of internal displacement, monitoring displacement situations and returns, investigating individual complaints, advocating for and advising Governments on the drafting of national policies to address internal displacement, and monitoring and reporting on the implementation of national policies and legislation. The Special Rapporteur is pleased that an increasing number of national human rights institutions are integrating internal displacement into their work, and will continue supporting them in this critical role.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- A number of other advances and developments are also worthy of note. Among them is the development of standards, operational guidance and a variety of other tools intended to support relevant actors in addressing various aspects, stages or types of internal displacement. In the context of the cluster approach for example, the Global Protection Cluster Working Group, composed of United Nations agencies and non-governmental and intergovernmental organizations, initiated a process of consultations leading to the publication of The Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons, which has proven an invaluable tool for humanitarian and protection actors involved in the provision of humanitarian assistance and protection in the field.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Throughout the past 20 years of its existence and the various humanitarian reform initiatives that have taken place, the mandate has maintained a unique position and advocacy function concerning the human rights of internally displaced persons, in a context where there is no lead or single United Nations agency designated to be the voice for the internally displaced or to have an overall mandate for them. It has undertaken advocacy functions at all levels, international, national and regional, including more recently with respect to the ratification of the Kampala Convention. Drawing on its legacy of the Guiding Principles, it has worked to give practical effect to them through the development of normative standards and guidance intended to assist Governments and the humanitarian and development communities to operationalize different aspects of the Guiding Principles at different stages of displacement (A/HRC/13/21/Add.4).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the primary responsibility of the State for protection and assistance to internally displaced persons, a key focus of the mandate has been to support States in meeting that responsibility. It has done so through country visits and a strong tradition of follow-up visits, as well as other forms of continued practical engagement with States, such as participation in national workshops; the provision of technical guidance and support in the development of national legal and policy frameworks, as in the case of Kenya and Afghanistan more recently; and through training programmes such as the annual San Remo Course on the Law of Internal Displacement. Over the course of its existence, the mandate has visited over 30 countries, many repeatedly through follow-up visits, a key feature of the mandate's working methods intended to promote a process of continued dialogue with and support to States in the implementation of the mandate's recommendations and other initiatives on behalf of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the San Remo training programme, other training on internal displacement, including regional training in various parts of the world, in which the mandate participates regularly, have been aimed at enhancing expertise among various actors, including representatives of civil society, United Nations country offices and international organizations. The mandate's continued engagement with civil society groups and with the internally displaced themselves, both at the international level and during country visits, has not only enabled it to better monitor situations of internal displacement across the globe, but also to better understand its root causes and consequences, the specific vulnerabilities of internally displaced persons and the incredible resources that they can bring to their communities and countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Megatrends and overriding social or other factors, such as climate change, exert pressures which interact closely with and often exacerbate internal displacement. Those significant global megatrends include population growth, rapid urbanization, increased human mobility, and food, water and energy insecurity. Those megatrends, which themselves are likely to have a negative impact on human rights and potentially cause displacement, are, moreover, predicted to interact with the effects of sudden and slow onset climate change and affect the magnitude and patterns of internal displacement (A/66/285, para. 28). Against this background and related social and political pressures, climate change is predicted to act as an impact multiplier and accelerator of internal displacement, which will be characterized by multiple causalities, including conflicts and insecurity due to competition over resources or loss of livelihoods (ibid., para. 29).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- One global trend which is expected to interact increasingly with internal displacement is the rapid urbanization being experienced in most parts of the world. By 2030, the urban population is expected to exceed 5 billion and it is estimated that 80 per cent of that number will live in urban centres in the developing world. At present, over one third of all urban dwellers in the world live in precarious informal settlements and slums, and in many countries this figure can be above 50 per cent (A/66/285, para. 66; A/HRC/19/54). With rapid urbanization in developing countries in coming years, much of which is likely to be unplanned, those informal settlements are expected to grow exponentially, as are housing costs - another trend predicted to continue. Moreover, factors related to climate change, such as the difficulty in securing traditional livelihoods in parts of some countries, increased frequency of natural disasters, and conflicts, are further push factors for rural to urban migration - often through forced displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- While urban environments can often provide a conducive setting for internally displaced persons to rebuild their lives, they also present important protection and other challenges. This is especially the case since internally displaced persons, who usually live within host communities rather than in defined camp settings, can be difficult to identify and assist in urban contexts. While precise estimates, including of future displacement, are not available, internal displacement, including secondary displacements, connected to the global trend of largely unplanned rapid urbanization, stands out as an issue meriting much more attention and data collection. Situations of unplanned migration or displacement to urban areas are more likely to result in a lack of security of housing or land tenure and in settlement in hazard prone areas, often by marginalized or vulnerable populations, such as internally displaced persons. In turn, this is likely to lead to more forced internal displacements due to the threat of or actual natural disasters, for example flooding or mudslides, in those areas; mass evictions for development projects or other reasons as cities try to modernize and enforce urban planning and decongestion; or urban violence. More work on internal displacement in urban contexts will continue to be required, including from the perspective of urban planning, in relation to emergencies and natural disasters in urban areas, humanitarian and development assistance and guidelines in cases of mass eviction, and from the point of view of local integration as a durable solution in urban areas (see A/HRC/19/54 for recommendations).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Internal armed conflicts and violence continue to be a major cause of internal displacement and often lead to situations of protracted displacement and some of the most egregious human rights violations. That situation is aggravated in the case of asymmetric armed conflict between States and one or more non-State armed groups, for example militia groups, paramilitary groups or armed gangs, and the increasing intersection of political and criminal violence. Non-State armed groups, for example often use sexual violence as a method of warfare or in order to forcibly displace civilian populations, frequently hinder or block access to humanitarian assistance and leave behind landmines and improvised explosive devices which impede returns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- In particular, there is increasing interest in and research on internal displacement caused by violence linked to organized crime in situations which do not reach the threshold of armed conflict. In that context, there are indications of an increased reference to and use of humanitarian categories, actors and responses (including with regard to internal displacement) to conflicts and situations of armed violence where criminality plays an important role. An example is the debate around responses relating to internal displacement in situations of violence stemming from the activities of drug cartels or fighting between the police, the military and drug gangs. It will be important to strengthen monitoring of those causes of internal displacement and their humanitarian and human rights consequences, and of accountability mechanisms in relation to that issue and awareness-raising among all parties on applicable national and international rules and responsibilities, including with respect to the prohibition of forced displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Relatedly, there appears to be a growing interest in regulating the State's general obligations to victims of organized violence and armed conflict which have led to displacement, in terms of protection, justice and reparations processes. In some cases, obligations towards internally displaced persons have been integrated within general obligations towards victims, a development which can be positive to the extent that the specific needs of internally displaced persons are given adequate consideration in response strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- A significant amount of guidance and important advances have been achieved over the past two decades on key displacement issues and challenges, such as gender and displacement, methodologies in relation to needs assessments, data collection, and participatory and community-based approaches. Much of this work borrowed from the refugee context, and in some instances the specificities of internal displacement are still being articulated. In some areas, the limitations of previous approaches and methods are being seen, and emerging challenges and new focus areas are being identified.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The significant body of work in the area of gender and displacement, for example, has resulted in the recognition that displacement affects women and men differently and that, as a result, they may have specific protection and assistance needs. Yet, at the present juncture, it may be opportune to examine the level of impact on the ground of approaches in this area, and to consider alternative strategies for promoting the skills, resources and meaningful participation of internally displaced women, at all levels. For those reasons, the mandate will dedicate its 2013 report to the Human Rights Council to the issue of internally displaced women. Other issues also merit study, such as responses to internally displaced persons living outside of camp settings, and the specific protection and assistance needs of migrants affected by internal displacement in their host countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, internal displacement remains one of the world's most significant human rights and humanitarian challenges, as millions of people continue to be internally displaced every year by conflict, violence, human rights violations, disasters and development projects. Megatrends, such as rapid urbanization, human mobility and population growth, and other factors, such as increased natural disasters and climate change (which exert social and political pressures, and increase competition over scarce resources and livelihoods) are expected to further affect the magnitude and patterns of internal displacement in the future. In this context, responses to internal displacement situations will require that States and international and civil society actors be ready to adopt comprehensive frameworks which address all types and stages of internal displacement, address new issues or areas in which responses need to be strengthened, and pay particular attention to prevention and durable solutions strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 67c
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to:] National authorities: Develop strategies and take measures which will contribute to preventing internal displacement and promoting durable solutions as soon as possible, including by building resilience and mitigating the negative impact of displacement on the human rights of internally displaced persons. Measures which have been shown to have positive effects include good practices in relation to, inter alia, conflict resolution mechanisms, including in relation to land disputes; civil status, for example birth registration, and property title registries; contingency strategies, early-warning systems and community intervention mechanisms; mechanisms for the meaningful participation of internally displaced persons in decisions which have an impact on their lives; and capacity-building measures which enhance the capacity of all levels of Government, in particular local authorities, and of civil society to address internal displacement;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 67d
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to:] National authorities: Take the necessary measures to ensure accountability for violations of applicable international law, including by non-State actors, which cause arbitrary displacement; promote and facilitate the participation of internally displaced persons in political, reconciliation and peace processes which affect them; and establish the necessary conditions to enable internally displaced persons to find the durable solution of their choice and rebuild their lives at the earliest opportunity;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 67e
- Paragraph text
- Continue to promote and strengthen the work of regional organizations and mechanisms on all aspects of internal displacement, including with regard to: the development and implementation of regional instruments and guidance on internal displacement, in line with international standards; human rights protection; coordination of humanitarian and other related activities; advocacy and capacity-building; and monitoring and early-warning mechanisms which identity specific patterns and causes of internal displacement in the region;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 67g
- Paragraph text
- Continue to identify and address the various causes of internal displacement, emerging issues and areas which need to be strengthened through improved understanding, methodologies, approaches and responses. Such areas include, inter alia, the impact of global megatrends on internal displacement; responses to internally displaced persons outside of camps; frameworks and approaches to better promote the meaningful participation and empowerment of internally displaced women; strategies to revive practical and political action in protracted displacement situations; and bridging of the humanitarian/development gap by analysing and addressing the structural, institutional and operational factors which sustain it and impede early recovery and durable solutions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 67h
- Paragraph text
- Support actors within the international humanitarian and human rights system, including the Inter-Agency Standing Committee and members of the cluster system, to take the above challenges fully on board, and ensure that related policies and decisions specifically include and address the displacement-specific protection, assistance and durable solution needs of internally displaced persons; advocate for and support development actors in ensuring full respect for the human rights of internally displaced persons in the implementation of development projects; further integrate the human rights of internally displaced persons into the work of the universal periodic review process and of human rights treaty bodies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 67j
- Paragraph text
- Continue to promote and support the work of the mandate on the human rights of internally displaced persons, supported by OHCHR, including the mandate's continued contribution to the development of normative frameworks and guidance; concrete improvements on the ground through its engagement with States and civil society; its close cooperation with key United Nations entities such as UNHCR and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; its participation in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee; and its unique mainstreaming and advocacy role.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The following report is intended as a contribution by the Special Rapporteur towards a larger process which will require consultations and the continued engagement of a broad range of stakeholders. It highlights why IDPs outside camps require specific interventions by national authorities, humanitarian and development actors, and details 3 specific areas of focus, namely, IDPs in urban contexts, host communities, and the role of provincial and municipal authorities. This report is also in follow-up to previous work by the mandate on the issue, including: reports to the Human Rights Council which identify this as a key challenge in the field of internal displacement and a priority area for the mandate; steps bringing it to the attention of the wider humanitarian community via the IASC; and specific attention to the issue in the context of country visits by the mandate. Several other areas of special relevance to IDPs outside camps are also mentioned in this report, such as data collection, and suggested for attention by relevant actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur acknowledges that several other aspects relating to IDPs outside camps may also need attention or require more specific analysis than is provided in this initial contribution, including assistance to IDPs living in rural or isolated settings, and possible distinctions between natural disaster, conflict and complex emergency situations. He further acknowledges the valuable comments made in the course of previous consultations, including discussions within the IASC in July 2010, during which both substantive and process issues were raised on how to achieve a more equitable humanitarian response to IDPs outside camps. These point to the range and complexity of the issues and the need for an ongoing process of developing expertise and enhanced operational response by all concerned actors. The Special Rapporteur intends to maintain close engagement with national and international stakeholders on all of these issues, in addition to the particular aspects addressed in the present report.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- In this regard, weaknesses in response systems, such as the gap between humanitarian, and early recovery and development interventions (which promote durable solutions), have been recognized and are increasingly being discussed. The Special Rapporteur is of the view that in addition to addressing such weaknesses, a more effective and systematized management of IDPs outside camps can also improve the overall response to internal displacement, anchor it within a human rights based approach, and contribute to durable solutions. Moreover, he notes that the benefits of improved responses to IDPs outside camps may become increasingly relevant in the context of global trends such as rapid global urbanization, and climate change induced displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Relevant normative frameworks, including international and regional human rights instruments and international standards on internal displacement, all emphasize the primary responsibility of national authorities for providing protection and assistance to IDPs. The first concrete task in the discharge of this responsibility is the collection of data and "credible information on the numbers, locations and conditions of the internally displaced [which] is essential to designing effective policies and programs to address their needs and protect their rights". Yet, a recent survey of 15 displacement-affected countries found a striking lack of accurate figures on IDPs outside of camps. Establishing this information at the outset and during displacement is a fundamental step but is often jeopardized by the lack of effective and timely data collection and response systems. Such systems are especially crucial in the early phase of an emergency and at the first site to which IDPs have fled, in order to ensure that IDPs who later become dispersed within the larger population (rather than remaining in camps), can be followed up on and assisted. In some cases, political or financial pressures may limit or inflate the numbers of IDPs, as can the methodology, scope and timelines of data collection or registration procedures for example. Particularly in conflict situations, data collection and registration procedures, should contain sufficient safeguards to protect the confidentiality and human rights of IDPs, and ensure the purely humanitarian nature of the exercise. The collaboration of the international community in such exercises, amongst other measures, could contribute to such safeguards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Recent trends in internal displacement point to a significant and growing number of IDPs living in urban areas, the majority of whom do not live in formal camps. Once in urban environments, IDPs tend to live mixed among the general population and become difficult to identify, protect or assist. Many reasons compel IDPs to move to urban areas, including employment opportunities and in some cases the relative safety of anonymity. By 2030 it is estimated that urban populations will exceed 5 billion and that 80 per cent of these will live in urban centres in the developing world - regions where urban growth is accentuated by increasing number of refugees and IDPs who tend to move to cities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Urban areas are viewed by many IDPs as environments where they can rebuild their lives, have better access to public services, employment opportunities, and resources, either for an interim period or on a long-term basis. With the necessary support systems, urban planning and frameworks, many cities and towns can offer more likely sites for local integration than segregated IDP camps or remote and rural displacement locations. At the same time, IDPs outside camps who live in urban settings - and particularly certain categories of vulnerable groups or those with few resources or support - are often exposed to a number of dangers. As newcomers with little, if any, access to financial resources, documents or proof of income necessary to rent housing elsewhere, IDPs often have to resort to living in slum areas or dangerous and impoverished parts of a city which offers no security of tenure, less access to services, are more prone to disasters, and make them potential targets of urban violence, forced evictions and secondary displacements. The high rents characterizing many urban centres around the world, a trend also likely to increase, render IDPs particularly vulnerable to homelessness and to precarious housing situations - thus contributing to the increase in slums. In the context of the visit to Iraq by this mandate in late 2010, it was found that in Baghdad alone more than 200,000 persons, many of whom were believed to be IDPs, were living in slum settlements, in inadequate shelters, with little or no access to water, and other services such as sanitation and garbage collection. IDPs in many of these sites, who resorted to living there due to an inability to pay high rents or of their host families to continue supporting them, were also at risk of imminent eviction.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- During his recent country visit to Kenya in September 2011, the Special Rapporteur found that of an estimated 664,000 IDPs resulting from the 2007/2008 post-election violence in the country, over 300,000 had dispersed into the wider population (many in towns and cities) and neither been registered nor assisted by the State. Many displaced in previous cycles of displacement (e.g.1990s) in Kenya were also unassisted. While it is generally presumed that these IDPs found their own solution through host families and friends, the Special Rapporteur remains concerned that many of these IDPs, a large part of whom had already been poor, had seen their situation further deteriorate and could be living in urban slums or on the street. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur received reports of a significant increase in street children, many of whom were believed to be IDPs, in a number of large towns and cities since the 2007/2008 post- election violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In addition to displacement into cities, natural disasters, violence and conflict are also likely to cause complex intra-city displacement, such as was the case in Haiti in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake. By virtue of the concentration of populations, resources, assets and services in cities, the impact of damages to cities due to conflict or natural disasters can be especially debilitating, including to humanitarian and recovery efforts. In such situations, an approach which addresses IDP-specific needs, as well as wider community needs (e.g. infrastructure and basic services needs) through a neighbourhood- or community-based approach, as has been advocated by this mandate, will likely be the most beneficial.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- While IDPs living in both camp and non-camp settings are greatly affected by relations with host communities, non-camp IDPs are particularly entwined with their hosts, as in many cases, they may not be able to rely on other actors such as international organizations or aid groups. In one analysis of IDP trends, it was found that in the majority of countries reviewed, most IDPs in non-camp settings had no assistance beyond that provided by the host community or host family. Better understanding of the role and specific assistance provided by host communities may therefore suggest ways of supporting them in their effort to assist the displaced living among them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The term "host community" has been used to depict a community hosting a camp, or a non-camp population. However it has also become a "catch-all" term, which often obscures the complexity and variety of communities in which IDPs live. The kinds of host communities vary widely across contexts. In many cases, 'host communities' simply refers to communities in which relatives or friends take in a family member. At other times, they refer to communities in locations to which IDPs have fled and remain during their period of displacement. Often host communities and host families may be poor or living in precarious conditions themselves. They may lack physical security, adequate access to basic services, and may have been impacted by conflict or a natural disaster as well. In some cases host communities are receiving new arrivals while in others they may be reintegrating returnees. In other contexts, such as those subject to repeated or cyclical displacements, host communities may be made up of IDPs who have simply been displaced longer.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Despite these challenges, host communities are often the key to ensuring essential assistance services to IDPs, to the work of humanitarian organizations, and to finding durable solutions. They are most often the "first responders" to a crisis, and may welcome, support and assist IDPs upon their arrival. But as displacement becomes protracted, tensions can often result due to competition over scarce resources, employment opportunities, or from underlying religious, ethnic, cultural or other differences - frequently related to or exacerbated by the conflict causing the displacement in the first place. Without IDP frameworks and institutions in place to respond to the particular context and needs of IDPs living within these communities, these tensions and competition over resources and services will usually have a disproportionate impact on the most vulnerable IDP groups, such as female-headed households, children and older persons, and leave them exposed to human rights violations, exploitation and poverty.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Tensions may also arise due to perceptions by host communities that their own needs are being neglected or that IDPs are receiving preferential treatment. A recent study in two urban neighbourhoods in Bogota, Colombia, found tensions between host communities and IDPs, due largely to IDPs being regarded as receiving preferential treatment in a context of widespread urban poverty. In Guinea, host communities struggling to rebuild after attacks on their community, became increasingly vulnerable as they shared meagre resources with IDPs. While some of these challenges can also arise in the context of IDP camps, IDPs who live within the community will be especially affected given their level of dependency on informal community support. In this respect, a greater focus on assisting host communities in tandem with IDP assistance in order to prevent tensions, inequalities or the increasing vulnerability of hosts is a challenge for both development and humanitarian actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has consistently encouraged donors, humanitarian and development agencies to expand their focus to supporting the communities which host IDPs. He believes that while the displacement-specific needs of IDPs must be addressed, a community based approach which also addresses the needs of displacement-affected communities and host families is necessary. The development of more predictable support systems, good practices and standards for this purpose would greatly facilitate such strategies. The Special Rapporteur is also of the opinion, however, that in order to be successful, assistance to displacement-affected communities and IDPs must often go beyond the delivering of humanitarian aid and include recovery and development interventions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Improved and more systematized responses to IDPs outside camps, can also help address a number of other issues, including the precarious nature and protection problems raised by unmonitored and unassisted hosting arrangements such as those between IDPs and host families or friends. Highly or entirely dependent on the assistance and shelter provided by host families, certain groups of IDPs, such as vulnerable categories of women, children and the elderly, may be particularly at risk of a number of protection concerns, including abuse, exploitation, and sexual violence by their hosts. In this regard, this mandate has recommended the establishment of appropriate monitoring and ombuds-mechanisms, and other activities such as visits by social workers, working with local associations and counselling centres, and the establishment of a hotline, in order enhance the protection of IDPs living within host-family arrangements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- On account of their direct contact with IDPs, and their immediate role in the provision of local services, and formulation of local development strategies, local authorities are often the best placed to identify and assist IDPs outside camps living in their communities. They can support IDP profiling exercises, and facilitate the replacement or acquisition of identification, residency or other documents - both important steps enabling IDPs outside camps to access the assistance, rights and benefits to which they are entitled, both as IDPs and as citizens. This assistance will enable them to benefit from national social security systems, public services and resources available to residents, and to access a series of other rights (e.g. relating to property, civil status, housing). For example, in the case of Iraq, where food security was a problem for a large part of the population, this mandate received reports that IDPs moving from one governorate to another were often unable to transfer their food ration cards to new areas of displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- IDPs are often the victims of direct or indirect discrimination in host communities based on their situation or categorization as IDPs. In some cases this discrimination may be based on ethnic or other differences, while in others it is due to more structural problems. In the context of his country visits, the Special Rapporteur has found that IDPs are often denied access to basic services such as primary education and health services, due to the fact that local schools or health facilities are already underfunded or overcrowded, or for purely bureaucratic reasons. In these contexts, local health and educational institutions may request proof of residency or special fees from IDP families (for services normally free of charge), so as to be able to effectively expand their services to them. Such situations reflect the need for more effective coordination and timely financial transfer systems between central and local authorities, including the areas from which IDPs fled, which can take into account a local influx of IDPs and their related needs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Even when central authorities have adopted national IDP frameworks, local authorities may not always be able or willing to fully implement these. They may face limitations in applying IDP legislation and programmes due to structural issues, the competing needs of other local groups within the community, or lack the capacity, financial resources, political will or understanding of IDP needs. By adopting national IDP specific programmes and frameworks, national authorities have a corresponding responsibility to set in place operational and institutional capacity to ensure their local implementation, and the timely transfer of funds for related activities. However, measures to address these challenges, including through the development of more flexible procedures which can be activated in emergency situations, are often not included in national preparedness and IDP frameworks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- From a technical perspective, IDPs outside camps represent a further challenge. The failure to identify and assess the needs of IDPs outside camps in municipal localities, may make it more difficult or impossible for local authorities to justify a request for additional resources or to tap into existing IDPs specific programme. In turn, this may act as a powerful disincentive to include them in these programmes or to ensure their access to services within the community - thus pointing to the need to support local authorities in the essential task of collecting disaggregated data on the number and specific needs of IDPs outside camps.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Political considerations must often have to be borne in mind. In addition to working with central authorities towards the elaboration of policies, international actors may need to remain mindful of and develop strategies to work with local authorities and address their local sensitivities. This is particularly so, when the government is decentralized, when State authority does not reach or have effective influence over all parts of the country, or when the central authority cannot impose its policies too strongly on local affairs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- When local integration is the preferred solution of IDPs, further measures will often be necessary, both for the benefit of IDPs as well as their local constituencies. Foremost among these are land, housing and livelihood measures, often necessary in order to deal with conditions of overcrowding, dependency and illegal tenure which often affect IDPs during their displacement. Consultations and the participation of affected communities, both hosts and IDPs, will be essential in this process, in order to avoid unsuccessful programs and secondary displacements. IDPs should also be given access to national and international humanitarian and development actors. In many situations, local integration will constitute a peace-building and community-reconciliation challenge, requiring mediation and other special measures in this regard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 A
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] While practices to assess the needs and assist IDPs outside camp and their host communities already exist among some international and national actors, greater efforts and more comprehensive and predictable systems are required. Towards this end, humanitarian and development actors (including the donor community) at the national and international levels, and with the participation of civil society and affected communities, should: Conduct assessments with view to identify good practices, gaps and challenges in the assistance and protection of IDPs outside camps, and host communities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 A
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] While practices to assess the needs and assist IDPs outside camp and their host communities already exist among some international and national actors, greater efforts and more comprehensive and predictable systems are required. Towards this end, humanitarian and development actors (including the donor community) at the national and international levels, and with the participation of civil society and affected communities, should: Develop relevant strategies to address these gaps, and set in place a more equitable, effective and systemised response to IDPs outside camps, and affected communities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 A
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] While practices to assess the needs and assist IDPs outside camp and their host communities already exist among some international and national actors, greater efforts and more comprehensive and predictable systems are required. Towards this end, humanitarian and development actors (including the donor community) at the national and international levels, and with the participation of civil society and affected communities, should: In addition to the specific issues, areas of focus and recommendations below, support research and improved responses in other areas meriting attention, including: IDPs outside camps living in rural, remote or isolated areas; distinguishing characteristics of conflict, natural disasters, and intra-city displacement contexts which may affect responses; and the needs of especially vulnerable groups of IDPs outside camps;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 A
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] While practices to assess the needs and assist IDPs outside camp and their host communities already exist among some international and national actors, greater efforts and more comprehensive and predictable systems are required. Towards this end, humanitarian and development actors (including the donor community) at the national and international levels, and with the participation of civil society and affected communities, should: Promote, develop and implement strategies which extend the concept of assistance to include early recovery and development interventions in order to strengthen basic services and infrastructures of affected communities, and enhance the achievement of durable solutions for IDPs outside camps;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 B
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Engage with affected States and other stakeholders in awareness-raising, capacity-building and the implementation of effective, comprehensive, disaggregated and timely data collection/profiling systems for IDPs outside camps. These should include methodologies appropriate to: early identification of IDPs and their needs immediately during or after a crisis so as to allow for follow up once IDPs have dispersed; and to when IDPs are already living among host communities in urban or other settings. Due safeguards must be in place to protect IDPs who may not wish to be identified due to security or other reasons. Rapid needs and protection assessment tools should include mechanisms to identify: IDPs outside camps and their needs; the reasons why they stay out of camps; the support provided by and the needs of host communities and host families; and mechanisms for vulnerability analysis in different settings;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 C
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Develop further initiatives for the collection, dissemination and analysis of existing and best practices on: protection, assistance and durable solutions for IDPs outside camps; methodologies for identify, reaching and engaging them; and community based approaches which support and take into account the needs of host communities. Based on this information, analyse good practices, including positive coping practices employed by IDPs and host communities themselves, and lessons learnt, with a view to enhancing existing programs and wider national and international responses to IDPs outside camps and their host communities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 D
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] In the context of the distinctive nature and complexity of intra-city emergencies and displacement: develop better understanding, tools and collection of good practices on both IDP specific vulnerabilities and interventions, and community based approaches, which promote early recovery and avoid protracted displacement - including through real time analysis and learning in urban responses, and by including IDPs outside camps in efforts to address the urban vulnerability gap;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 E
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Compile good practices, identify gaps and develop specific guidance on arrangements and approaches to support host communities and host families, including: mechanisms to support, manage and monitor host family arrangements; and wider community-based approaches which enhance the absorption capacity and resilience of host communities, such as support to community infrastructures, services, and livelihoods. Work towards the establishment of more predictable and systematized support systems to host families and host communities, which are participatory, based on needs assessments, and combined with IDP specific interventions which address their particular needs and vulnerabilities, and maximize the achievement of durable solutions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 F
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Promote awareness-raising with regard to the specific role and responsibilities, and the support and obstacles which municipal and provincial authorities may face in the protection and assistance of IDPs outside camps. In particular, collect information on structural, political and economic or budgetary factors affecting their response, both with regard to the provision of humanitarian assistance and to durable solutions such as local integration. Promote better understanding and capacity-building at the level of local authorities, with a view to: protecting the human rights of IDPs living within their communities (e.g. through non-discrimination, equal access to services); developing and/or implementing IDP-specific assistance and protection programmes, and community based approaches; facilitating durable solutions; and including IDPs outside camps in poverty reduction and local development plans;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 G
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Within the framework of IASC, initiate a process to consider the existing practices, gaps and relevant issues relating to IDPs outside camps, with a view to the development of strategies and mechanisms to strengthen related humanitarian and development responses. Suggested steps could include: Adequately taking into account IDPs outside camps in all relevant IASC work, including its task forces;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 G
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Within the framework of IASC, initiate a process to consider the existing practices, gaps and relevant issues relating to IDPs outside camps, with a view to the development of strategies and mechanisms to strengthen related humanitarian and development responses. Suggested steps could include: The undertaking by agencies, on a voluntary basis, of a stocktaking exercise or survey of their programmes and practices which relate (or extend) to IDPs outside camps and host communities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 G
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Within the framework of IASC, initiate a process to consider the existing practices, gaps and relevant issues relating to IDPs outside camps, with a view to the development of strategies and mechanisms to strengthen related humanitarian and development responses. Suggested steps could include: The collection of good practices in this regard, and an analysis of existing protection and assistance gaps which hinder the institutional response by the humanitarian and development communities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 59 G
- Paragraph text
- [In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Within the framework of IASC, initiate a process to consider the existing practices, gaps and relevant issues relating to IDPs outside camps, with a view to the development of strategies and mechanisms to strengthen related humanitarian and development responses. Suggested steps could include: On this basis, a reference group could collect and analyse the above information, with a view to: identifying common gaps and areas for focus which have a system wide impact; and develop strategies and/or processes towards a more equitable and systematized approach to the humanitarian, human rights and development issues facing IDPs outside camps and affected communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The present report builds on the long history of efforts by the current mandate holder and his predecessors to support efforts to resolve displacement and reflects the Special Rapporteur's decision to make achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons a priority of the second term of his mandate. In this context, he welcomes the increasingly widespread recognition of the need for a paradigm shift that recognizes displacement not only as a humanitarian concern, but also as a development and peacebuilding challenge in the period after armed conflict. He is also pleased to note a number of important new opportunities to address this issue, including decision No. 2011/20 of the Policy Committee, in which the Secretary-General endorsed the preliminary framework on ending displacement in the aftermath of conflict (hereinafter "Secretary-General's Framework"), which establishes priorities and responsibilities to support the delivery of durable solutions for internally displaced persons and refugees returning to their country of origin; the Transitional Solutions Initiative by UNDP, UNHCR and the World Bank, which is aimed at ending the dependency of displaced persons on humanitarian assistance, creating sustainable livelihoods for them and improving conditions for the host communities; the negotiation of the post-2015 development agenda; the evolution of debates on early recovery, resilience and State fragility; and the piloting of new donor arrangements such as the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Many elements of this complex issue cannot be tackled herein. In particular, while the Special Rapporteur focuses on development actors and durable solutions in the context of peacebuilding, he also acknowledges the need to actively support durable solutions for internally displaced persons uprooted by natural disasters (see A/HRC/16/43/Add.5) and the need to focus future work on the role of donor and recipient States in tackling internal displacement through development and to strengthen the capacity of States to support durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- There has been a long-standing commitment on the part of the mandate holders to supporting durable solutions through missions and working visits, the development of frameworks and engagement with key stakeholders, including the World Bank and the Peacebuilding Commission. For example, in the course of missions and working visits to a range of countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Georgia, Iraq, Nepal, Serbia, Somalia and the Sudan, the mandate holders have analysed the close relationship between durable solutions, development and peacebuilding processes. They have made recommendations to address outstanding concerns with regard to those dimensions (see, for example, A/HRC/23/44/Add.1 and A/HRC/4/38/Add.2), while stressing the need to integrate issues pertaining to internally displaced persons and durable solutions into national development plans, peacebuilding strategies and peace agreements (see, for example, A/HRC/16/43/Add.1 and A/HRC/16/43/Add.2 and Corr.1). Legal standards are also being set in this regard. For example, States parties to the Kampala Convention now have a duty to endeavour to incorporate the relevant principles contained in the Convention into peace negotiations and agreements for the purpose of finding solutions to the problem of internal displacement, as stated in article 3 (2) (e). The Pact on Security, Stability and Development in the Great Lakes Region, signed in 2006, provides an appropriate legal framework and addresses displacement and durable solutions under the Protocol on the Protection of and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and the Protocol on the Property Rights of Returning Persons, both adopted in 2006, in the overall context of humanitarian assistance, development, security and peacebuilding. The Special Rapporteur continues to cooperate with the African Union and the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region with regard to the implementation of the Kampala Convention and the Pact.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Structural and operational impediments continue to hinder effective cooperation between humanitarian, development and peacebuilding actors to support durable solutions. While the IASC Framework provides a significant tool for addressing the nexus between peacebuilding, development and durable solutions, the implementation of the Secretary-General's Framework provides an important opportunity to tackle existing structural and operational impediments to solutions to displacement, alongside broader efforts by States, civil society and other actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- An integrated analysis of these tools underscores the need for the development of durable solutions strategies to become a routine element of international responses to crises involving displacement. The development and implementation of these strategies should cut across sectors and be participatory, involving a wide range of international agencies, national and local authorities, non-governmental organizations and representatives of returnee, internally displaced and displacement-affected communities. Durable solutions strategies should deal equitably with the rights and specific needs of displacement-affected communities and be localized in order to ensure that they are appropriately inclusive and maximize the capacities and coping strategies of displaced persons. An approach based on human rights underscores that durable solutions strategies must respect the rights to freedom of movement and choice of residence. Such an approach also brings into focus concerns that must be addressed in order to achieve development goals in displacement-affected communities, such as ensuring equal and non-discriminatory access to education, health services, livelihoods, land, property rights and equality before the law. Transitional justice, peacebuilding, reconciliation, rule of law and security reform and land reform efforts are also highly relevant to durable solutions to displacement, underlining the need to include considerations of internally displaced persons and the participation of displacement-affected communities in these processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Persistent barriers hinder cooperation between humanitarian, development and peacebuilding actors in support of durable solutions. They include different planning cycles, time frames, mandates, operational systems, terminology, vocabulary and approaches to working with Governments; use of different criteria to evaluate success and lack of common operationalizable benchmarks or indicators to measure progress towards durable solutions; lack of systematic, comprehensive and collaborative data collection and analysis, in addition to monitoring and evaluation exercises; disconnects between policies and priorities at the field and headquarters levels; inadequate engagement of the wide range of relevant ministries, international organizations (including development banks) and non-governmental organizations with roles to play in supporting solutions; failure to maximize the relative strengths of actors; lack of national and international ownership of the issue and lack of focused or coordinated leadership in support of solutions; lack of technical capacity and sustained support for solutions at the local, national and international levels; inadequate access to long-term funding, in particular to scale up successful pilots and integrate initiatives designed to support solutions into broader development programmes; that donors have separate funding streams for humanitarian and development programmes and struggle to ensure cooperation and coordination between them; insufficient consideration of durable solutions issues in transition and mission drawdown plans; failure to engage the private sector in developing innovative solutions; and insufficient awareness and inadequate integration of displacement considerations into development, peacebuilding and human rights capacity-building efforts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Efforts to address displacement as a development concern have sometimes been stymied by debates over whether it is appropriate to target internally displaced persons and/or to undertake area-wide efforts that include internally displaced persons but do not target them specifically. Assessments conducted by UNDP in Georgia and the World Bank in Afghanistan, for example, have determined that internally displaced persons do face particular development needs relating to issues such as housing and tenure security. Meeting such needs in a targeted manner, while integrating internally displaced persons into broader development and peacebuilding plans, is conducive to achieving development goals and consistent with an approach based on human rights. Internally displaced persons also face a number of other particular challenges requiring specific and targeted measures, such as with regard to the issuance or replacement of personal documents, compensation for or restitution of property, family reunification and assistance in ensuring access to public services, among others. Ensuring that such targeted measures are in place, and that development and peacebuilding programmes, in addition to broader programmes such as those relating to poverty reduction and land reform, include internally displaced persons and support durable solutions, can make significant contributions to reducing fragility and poverty. In addition, ensuring that the needs of host or receiving communities are also factored into durable solutions strategies is important for the viability of programmes and to reduce possible community tensions. As questions of State fragility are integrated into mainstream development debates, including in the context of the negotiation of the post-2015 development agenda, it is essential that the concerns facing internally displaced persons and refugees be appropriately and equitably integrated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 59c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to:] [States affected by displacement] Ratify and implement the Kampala Convention - for States members of the African Union; implement the Pact on Security, Stability and Development in the Great Lakes Region - for States members of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region. All States concerned should endeavour to incorporate the relevant principles contained in the Convention and the Pact into peace negotiations and agreements for the purpose of finding solutions to the problem of internal displacement;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 59d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to:] [States affected by displacement] Undertake early, participatory and joint planning in support of durable solutions, ensuring the engagement of local authorities. Such cross-sectoral planning may require adapting to institutional cultures and policies, including funding parameters, to enable the provision of longer-term support for durable solutions and facilitate the engagement of development and peacebuilding actors;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 59h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to:] [International organizations, including humanitarian, development and peacebuilding actors, as relevant] Systematically integrate durable solutions into strategic plans and frameworks. The IASC Framework provides a widely recognized basis for strengthening cross-sectoral leadership on the resolution of internal displacement given that it deals with humanitarian, development, human rights and peacebuilding concerns;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 59k
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to:] [International organizations, including humanitarian, development and peacebuilding actors, as relevant] Systematically integrate durable solutions into peacebuilding and stabilization processes. In situations where internal displacement is a feature of conflict, it is critical to systematically integrate durable solutions into technical assessments carried out by the Peacebuilding Support Office and in peacebuilding strategies of the Peacebuilding Commission;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 59m
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to:] [International organizations, including humanitarian, development and peacebuilding actors, as relevant] Support national authorities to include displacement-specific aspects in their own planning, programming and activities that directly support durable solutions or the development of conditions conducive to solutions. In this context, national and international actors, including donor States, are urged to support such initiatives through capacity-building, technical support and, in particular, by programmatic support in implementing relevant national policies or legislation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 59n
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations to:] [International organizations, including humanitarian, development and peacebuilding actors, as relevant] Ensure that the post-2015 development agenda benefits those people, including internally displaced persons, who live in fragile States, and serves as a foundation for increasing their resilience to crisis, including through the achievement of solutions to displacement that are based on a human rights approach;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Since the 1990s, States, international agencies, CSOs and other relevant actors have paid greater attention to the rights and needs of women and girls in emergency and post-conflict situations, and promoting gender-sensitive approaches to humanitarian and development assistance and early recovery. This has been borne out in a wide range of resolutions, policies, guidelines and handbooks, as well as gender-mainstreaming efforts and numerous targeted programmes. This overall framework, predominantly focused on women, peace and security, turned greater attention to refugees, with initiatives in recent years increasingly including IDW.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Despite these developments, in many cases responses to internal displacement still do not adequately address the concerns of women, who account for some 50 per cent of IDPs. As IDPs, women experience the various human rights challenges characteristic of displacement situations generally, and which often place IDPs at greater risk than most other affected populations. These frequently include: loss of livelihoods and key documentation, and lack of effective access to a number of important rights and services. Existing patterns of discrimination prevalent in many of these contexts are exacerbated during conflict and contribute to violations of women's rights to housing, land and property. IDW also often experience human rights challenges due to interlinked forms of discrimination based on gender, and intersection of gender with other factors such as age, group affiliation (e.g. membership in minority groups), disability, civil status, socioeconomic status and displacement itself. Particular groups or categories of IDW can therefore be especially at risk, while the particular risks encountered by IDW vary depending on the displacement context (e.g. emergency situations, protracted displacement situations, camp settings, etc.). The Council expressed "particular concern at the grave problems faced by many displaced women and children, including violence and abuse, sexual and labour exploitation, trafficking in persons, forced recruitment and abduction" (resolution 14/6). Other major human rights concerns include inequitable access to assistance, education, training and livelihoods; poor reproductive health care; and exclusion from decision-making processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Refugee and IDW often face similar assistance and protection concerns, such as increased risk of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and could benefit in some instances from analogous gender-sensitive interventions to address these problems. However, the diversity within these groups, the particular challenges they may face, and the legal, social and other implications of the very context of their displacement (i.e. internal versus external displacement) must be acknowledged and integrated into responses to their needs. For example, the lower levels of international assistance provided, on average, to IDPs compared to refugees are associated with comparatively poorer reproductive health outcomes for IDW. Conversely, as residents or citizens of their country, IDW generally do not face the same type (or extent) of legal and administrative barriers in the exercise of their rights to freedom of movement and to work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Other tools and frameworks that address the needs and rights of IDW include: IASC Guidelines on Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings and the Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action of 2006; UNHCR Executive Committee conclusion 105 (LVII) of 2006; UNHCR's 2008 Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls; the United Nations Principles on housing and property restitution for refugees and displaced persons; the Protocol on the Property Rights of Returning Persons in the Great Lakes Region; general recommendations No. 24 (1999) on women and health and No. 27 (2010) on the human rights of older women of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. The Special Rapporteur is presently supporting the work of the Committee as it develops a general recommendation on women in conflict and post-conflict situations, which he welcomes as it will contribute to the evolving protection framework.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Various Security Council resolutions address issues of particular relevance to IDW, including access to protection and assistance; sexual violence; trafficking; and peace, reconciliation and development. The Council's resolutions on women, peace and security, including its landmark resolution 1325 (2000), are particularly important tools for strengthening and systematizing responses to the rights and needs of IDW. The development of national action plans for the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) represents a valuable opportunity to include and engage IDW. To date, 35 national Governments, as well as the European Union, OSCE and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), have approved action plans, while numerous others are in the drafting phase. Several countries facing internal displacement have developed plans, including Côte d'Ivoire, Georgia, Nepal and the Philippines. Concerted support for the effective implementation of these action plans is essential to ensure that their potential benefits for IDW are maximized.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- It is now widely recognized that a "two-pronged approach" is needed, which balances programmes targeted at displaced women with concerted gender mainstreaming efforts. Yet many organizations continue to struggle to identify and respond to the multiplicity of concerns facing IDW. To improve its protection and assistance efforts, UNHCR issued the new Age, Gender and Diversity Policy in June 2011 and accompanying Forward Plan for 2011-2016. These documents were informed by an analysis of key challenges that have hindered UNHCR mainstreaming efforts, including a tendency to treat the displaced as "passive beneficiaries of aid" rather than "equal partners with rights" and the need for proactive leadership and follow-up on the findings of participatory assessment processes integral to age, gender and diversity mainstreaming. Progress in mainstreaming also depends on improved coordination between actors and the development of more concrete indicators to assess the implementation of mainstreaming policies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The lack of gender-sensitive budgeting represents a significant obstacle to effective mainstreaming. Presently, many budget processes do not devote adequate attention to gender considerations and budget cuts tend to disproportionately impact areas essential to women. Introduced by IASC in 2009 with a view to increasing gender mainstreaming in the Consolidated Appeals Process, the gender marker tool supports efficient tracking of gender-sensitive funding allocations and promotes the development of projects more attuned to gender considerations. However, mainstreaming gender issues, including the rights and needs of IDW, in budget processes will continue to require more institutional leadership, disaggregated data collection and increased training.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Advances have been made in addressing some key protection issues, even as many continue under-examined or unresolved. The greatest strides are visible in the area of reproductive health services, mainly owing to the Inter-agency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings, and the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) addressing reproductive health and sexual violence in emergency settings, developed by the Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crises. This manual was revised in 2010 to better encompass IDPs and others affected by humanitarian emergencies better. Nonetheless, important gaps remain in the reproductive health response, including the provision of adequate maternal and reproductive health care for women with disabilities and adolescent girls; scaling up systematic and equitable coverage of MISP; and sustaining these services in protracted crisis and the recovery phase.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Some progress has also been made in developing guidelines on prevention of and response to SGBV; setting standards for the inclusion of sexual violence concerns in peace agreements and ceasefires; implementing training programmes to prevent sexual exploitation by peacekeepers and humanitarians; rolling-out monitoring analysis and reporting arrangements in several countries pursuant to Security Council resolution 1960 (2010); developing early warning indicators on sexual violence; and establishing targets to increase the proportion of female police officers in peacekeeping operations to 20 per cent by 2014. However, these issues continue to represent stark challenges.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Modest - and not yet entrenched - advances have been achieved in integrating women into assistance distribution systems, and implementing fuel strategies to reduce displaced women's exposure to violence when they collect firewood. Limited gains in upholding housing, land and property rights of IDW have been achieved in some instances through measures such as the provision of legal aid to returnee women. Likewise, the participation of IDW in decision-making processes has increased in some countries, including through the development of strong associations of IDW, for example in Colombia and the Philippines. In 2011, UNHCR convened its second global dialogue with women and engaged IDW in this process for the first time. Despite persistent constraints, some progress has been made in collecting disaggregated data in conflict and post-conflict situations, including through the establishment of JIPS, which collects data disaggregated by age, sex and location, as well as other indicators such as the provision of protection of and assistance to IDW, their housing, land and property rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Despite these advances, the Special Rapporteur finds that a host of challenges remain, from implementing equitable documentation practices to systematically training Government officials, security actors and field staff in gender approaches, raising awareness of communities, especially host communities, about IDPs to avoid double stigmatization of displaced women (as IDPs and as women) and engaging women in early warning systems and disaster preparedness strategies. He finds that overcoming the "implementation gap" that curtails the practical impact of the frameworks developed to protect, assist and support the leadership role of IDW possibly represents the greatest obstacle. Beyond this, he below some of the key challenges faced by IDW, and which are notable for their strategic significance, or because they reflect important longstanding, neglected or emerging problems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Data disaggregated by sex, age, location and other key indicators are essential for effective advocacy and the development of programmes to respond to the specific needs of IDW at all stages of displacement, whether caused by conflicts, disasters or other factors. Data is equally essential to the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of such programmes. Despite calls in the Beijing Platform for Action and subsequent reports, recommendations and resolutions for the collection of detailed, disaggregated data, such information is not available in the vast majority of displacement-affected States, which often lack the necessary infrastructure and human and financial capacity to produce and update such data. Additionally, where such data are collected, lack of formal endorsement by Governments may represent a further hurdle to its dissemination and the implementation of corrective measures in programmes, particularly those affecting IDW. Improving the reporting and analysis of sex-disaggregated data has been a key area of focus of the IASC Sub-Working Group on Gender and Humanitarian Action. Moving forward, greater attention is needed for the collection not only of disaggregated quantitative, but also qualitative data that capture the particular experiences and concerns of IDW and other members of displacement-affected communities. For instance, data that is sex-disaggregated should further be age-disaggregated to take into account the specific needs of adolescent girls, young women and older women and therefore allow more equitable assistance to these different groups. Beyond collecting such data, national census offices should also systematically apply a gender lens to analysis and dissemination efforts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Despite myriad training, guidelines and manuals, displaced women and girls continue to be subject to egregious levels of sexual violence. In some situations, sexual violence or other forms of gender-based violence is used as a deliberate tactic to instil terror, and force displacement, or to discourage IDPs from demanding their rights. Beyond being a significant cause of displacement and a grievous human rights violation in its own right, SGBV or the perceived risk of it can also curtail women's access to a range of rights and services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- There is therefore a pressing need for a more preventative approach to these challenges. In this regard, the Protocol on the Prevention and Suppression of Sexual Violence against Women and Children (2006) of the Great Lakes region and the model law annexed thereto, the 2011 Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) provide some important entry points and examples in terms of legal frameworks. Fuel strategies and livelihood initiatives targeting displaced women and girls, and those at risk of displacement, are further practical measures which can be central to reducing exposure to sexual violence. Reducing vulnerability to sexual violence also entails ensuring that survivors have access to appropriate support, including reproductive and psychosocial services and that adequate resources are devoted to gender-sensitive site planning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Given that nearly 50 per cent of survivors of sexual assault are under 18 years of age, the Special Rapporteur is concerned about the prevailing tendency to overlook the needs of children and youth in this area. Additionally, a stronger focus on prevention is required regarding SGBV within internally displaced households and communities. At present, most SGBV prevention and response programmes focus on "stranger" rape rather than the more prevalent forms of sexual violence experienced within households and communities (e.g. intimate partner violence), and the problematic coping practices that IDW may be compelled to adopt (e.g. early marriages). Moreover, given that women with disabilities in non-displacement settings are more likely to be victims of sexual violence and abuse, the levels of sexual violence against women and girls with disabilities amongst displaced and conflict-affected populations are likely to be even higher.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Early recovery is a vital element of an effective response to internal displacement as it aims at crisis recovery from the humanitarian phase onwards, resilience-building and development opportunities, and can encourage social change. As such, it presents important opportunities to promote gender equality in the context of internal displacement. However, these opportunities are often lost because gender issues are given low priority in emergency contexts, as well as during the recovery phase. The Special Rapporteur underlines that failure to include gender perspectives early in decision-making processes can have long-lasting impacts on IDW, particularly in the context of governance structures, and policies and practices, which can reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities between men and women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Access to justice and accountability mechanisms remains limited and inadequate for most IDW. In some cases, women are constrained to use customary justice systems, which often discriminate against them and apply principles in contradiction with national and international standards. In others, formal justice mechanisms may also discriminate against women and therefore not provide the best outcome for IDW. The Special Rapporteur finds the most glaring gap to be in access to justice for survivors of sexual violence. Ensuring legal justice for survivors can be transformative because it sends a clear message rejecting impunity for this heinous crime. However, in some instances IDW not only lack access to effective remedies, but have themselves been charged when bringing forward allegations of rape by State security forces in camps. Conversely, legal aid, where available, has proven invaluable to IDW seeking access to justice for SGBV, as well as for other crimes and legal claims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, in the absence of rule of law that characterizes many conflict and post-conflict contexts and where women's access to formal justice mechanisms may be compromised by lack of documentation, illiteracy and absence of or restricted access to judicial structures, it is important for the humanitarian community to engage with alternative dispute resolution processes (including customary, religious and local governance structures) to promote women's access to land and housing and resolve disputes over central issues such as inheritance. International development actors also have a critical role to play in working alongside national actors to respond to these concerns and support more concerted efforts to evaluate interventions and identify best practices in this field.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- International and national actors should also be accountable to IDW for delivery of effective protection and assistance programmes, a challenge currently largely unmet. Integrating a stronger gender lens into initiatives such as the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership Standard in Accountability and Quality Management and more accessible and trusted complaints and response mechanisms at field level constitute important steps towards addressing this challenge. Increasing donor accountability towards IDW entails more effectively integrating gender issues into donorship practices, including through tools like the gender marker.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Gender-sensitive responses to internal displacement require the full and equal participation of women in decision-making at all stages of displacement and in peacemaking processes. Such participation is essential to effectively promoting and protecting human rights, preventing rights violations, achieving durable solutions, and supporting sustainable peace processes, post-conflict reconstruction and development. Ongoing participatory needs assessments and "bottom-up" participatory planning processes are essential to overcoming the "implementation gap" between gender policies and effective practice, and ensuring that nationally and internationally supported protection interventions complement women's self-protection strategies and respond to their evolving needs and concerns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Strategies to strengthen the meaningful participation of IDW should also include constructive engagement of men in efforts to uphold IDW's rights. Yet, this also remains an inadequately addressed challenge. Engaging men in women's economic empowerment programmes has in some instances proven advantageous because it has increased men's support for the initiatives, but it also raises the risk of men assuming control of the process. Similarly, when IDPs are consulted on development and implementation of protection and assistance programmes, IDW may often defer to men as the community's representatives if separate consultations are not convened. Identification and exchange of good practices, effective awareness-raising programmes and creative approaches to engaging men and boys to work alongside and support IDW should be a fundamental pillar of protection and assistance efforts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The pursuit of durable solutions raises a range of concerns for IDW. Although the choice of a durable solution is, in principle, an individual matter, in practice decisions concerning durable solutions are usually made by families or communities, often marginalizing women's preferences. For example, particularly when they have been the targets of SGBV, IDW may be deterred from returning due to traumatic associations or fear of further attacks. Yet, in some instances families or other actors may pressure women to return despite these concerns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Overall, the Special Rapporteur notes that discussions of gender issues within host and return communities and how particular durable solutions can backstop protection for IDW remain relatively nascent. Addressing them requires more concerted attention, as well as cooperation between humanitarian and development actors. The piloting of the Secretary-General's 2011 Framework for Ending Displacement in the Aftermath of Conflict represents an important opportunity to strengthen attention to the particular rights, needs and concerns of IDW in the pursuit of durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In recent years, increased attention has been devoted to rising rates of displacement linked to the effects of climate change and the particularly adverse effects of climate change on potentially vulnerable groups, including women. It is now widely acknowledged that climate change impacts on men and women differently at all stages from preparedness to reconstruction. As recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inequitable gender roles may exacerbate women's exposure to harm, while at the same time women may make "very significant, active contributions … [to] coping with and adapting to extremes". Women often experience higher rates of mortality than men in natural disasters and may experience particularly deleterious effects on health, exacerbated gender inequality and reduced access to education and livelihood opportunities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- The Hyogo Framework for Action 2010-2015 requires Member States to incorporate gender perspectives into all disaster risk management processes, plans and policies (para. 13 (d)). However, there has been relatively little success to date in mainstreaming gender and women's health considerations in these policies and processes, and when they have been integrated they have mainly been portrayed as victims rather than actors. Given that natural disaster-induced displacement is expected to become more severe in future, issues such as the role of women in early warning systems and women's full participation in the development and implementation of gender-sensitive disaster preparedness and response strategies therefore merit more concerted attention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Important steps have been taken over the past decades to improve international and national responses to the diverse assistance, protection and durable solution challenges faced by IDW. Yet too often, discussions of these issues remain perfunctory, failing to recognize and actively engage IDW and perpetuating inadequate responses to their concerns. In the light of these dynamics, and in line with the Guiding Principles and other relevant standards, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- In the present report, the Special Rapporteur aims to provide guidance and raise greater awareness to build momentum on the complex issue of durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings, focusing in particular on local integration. An urban context has various dimensions, including demographic, historical, environmental, economic, social and political aspects, which add to the complexity of responding coherently and sustainably to internal displacement. In addition, there are global mega-trends such as rapid urbanization, population growth and increased human mobility that make achieving durable solutions in urban settings one of the most complex and pressing challenges (see A/66/285, para. 28).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has consistently suggested a wider approach to the response and solutions in urban areas, considering not only the needs of internally displaced persons themselves, but also those of other displacement-affected communities, such as host communities, including the urban poor, communities in areas of return or communities in places to which internally displaced persons are relocated. Such an approach allows similar needs of different groups to be addressed, while not leaving displacement-specific needs unaddressed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes that the response to internal displacement in urban settings has too often focused on short-term assistance and programming, instead of a solution-focused approach early on in the response that recognizes that urban displacement is often long lasting. Neglecting it can only contribute to impoverishment in urban areas. One need that is distinct and specific to the situation of internally displaced persons is that of a durable solution. The implementation of durable solutions requires the identification of internally displaced persons in urban areas and their location. It is the profiling of internally displaced persons and other displacement-affected communities in urban areas that often provides the needed evidence base to plan for and implement a response geared towards solutions. It also enables the identification of needs that are similar among different groups and those that are specific to the situation of internally displaced persons only.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Displacement in urban areas can stem from conflict in those areas. In some countries, such as Colombia or the Syrian Arab Republic, armed hostilities have taken place largely in urban, and hence densely populated, areas and therefore resulted in record numbers of internally displaced persons in urban areas. Sudden-onset natural disasters that struck urban centres, such as those affecting Tacloban, Philippines, Port-au-Prince or New Orleans, United States of America, had an enormous impact on the inhabitants and resulted in large-scale displacement. Such displacement is often lasting, as the Special Rapporteur witnessed himself in July 2014 during his visit to Haiti, where durable solutions remain distant for many. Many cities in areas prone to sudden-onset or slow-onset disasters - coastal and deltaic areas or riverine zones - face future risks of internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Flight to urban areas following conflict or disaster in another part of the country is also a common feature of internal displacement today. Urban areas may promise more safety than rural areas as a result of the anonymity and invisibility that one can acquire there. For example, there are girls in Abidjan who were victims of sexual violence in places of displacement in rural areas or who became pregnant during displacement and moved to the city. A primary reason for flight to urban areas is family links, but the hope of finding alternative livelihoods is also a factor that influences the flight of internally displaced persons, who often lose their original livelihoods through displacement. Similarly, education opportunities and better services, such as special health care, regularly lead to flight to urban areas and peripheries. Urban areas may therefore allow internally displaced persons to better maintain their coping mechanisms and resilience, albeit at low levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The impacts of crises on urban contexts lead to combining factors such as the deterioration of urban living conditions, spatial disorganization, the loss of social structure, administrative deregulation or institutional instability. Urban displacement regularly results in a significant increase in the urban population. This normally causes fear or actual situations of overstretched basic services, such as health centres or schools, especially where service provision was limited or insufficient before displacement or if conflicts or disasters have damaged the infrastructure. Similar fears or realities hold true where natural resources, such as water, are scarce or where urban unemployment rates are high. This underlines the importance of considering the situation of internally displaced persons and other displacement-affected communities in urban areas in finding durable solutions that allow both similar and distinct needs of internally displaced persons to be met.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The lack of urban planning creates specific needs for internally displaced persons in urban informal settlements. Most urban environments already face difficulties relating to space management and shortage of land generally and for internally displaced persons in particular. Solutions relating to land and housing can be compounded by the destruction of houses or the deterioration of land caused by conflict or disaster. The complexity of the absence of land tenure systems and the lack of available and affordable land in urban areas and comprehensive urban planning may exponentially increase the difficulty of identifying long-term housing solutions for urban dwellers and urban internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Urban planning, or the lack thereof, has an impact on the rights of urban internally displaced persons. Their access to adequate housing requires comprehensive public policy interventions by the national authorities as a framework for the provision of housing and the engagement of development partners. Urban development should therefore go hand in hand with adequate planning and resources that would address the housing needs of internally displaced persons in the context of durable solutions. Urban development planning serves as a guide to investment in housing and infrastructure by both public and private actors so that investment is integrated and contributes strategically to urban growth. In most contexts affected by urban displacement, however, urban planning frameworks are outdated, non-existent or in the midst of a process of revision. The disconnect between the urban planning time frame and the onset of internal displacement adds another layer of complexity. Urban planning processes, when they exist, are often agreed upon for a long-term period, leaving little leeway, if any, with regard to how to accommodate flows of internally displaced persons. Such processes should therefore be informed by displacement dynamics and be made more flexible in order to better adapt to situations of urban internal displacement. In this regard, tools and strategies put in place by humanitarian and development agencies after a crisis, such as the provision of shelter, the relocation to urban settings or the provision of assistance to host families, could benefit long-term urban planning if they are better synchronized from the very onset of displacement. As indicated in the UNHCR-World Bank study on Afghanistan, urban planning should provide for the regularization or planned relocation of informal settlements, given the uncontrolled growth of slums whose inhabitants remain on the margins of society in impoverished conditions. Clarity of policy and action is a prerequisite to finding just and practicable solutions to the challenges of unplanned urbanization and its relationship with poverty and risk factors. An appropriate legislative and administrative framework regulating urban planning and housing should include dialogue and collaboration between all relevant stakeholders, beginning with all ministries potentially involved in the process, international organizations (both humanitarian and development actors), civil society and displacement-affected communities, internally displaced persons and their representatives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The absence of the rule of law is aggravated by ineffective local authority and policing. The lack of security of land tenure, extinct tenancy agreements and/or the absence of other forms of user rights further expose internally displaced persons to the risk of (forced) evictions and therefore to secondary displacement, which results in increased protracted displacement and significantly hampers durable solutions. Forced eviction of urban internally displaced persons, without providing alternative housing and without recourse to legal remedies, is an increasing phenomenon of urbanization and urban planning and upgrading initiatives. As noted above, urban planning must be combined with the durable solution needs of internally displaced persons and displacement-affected communities in urban areas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The challenges posed by unequal and discriminatory access to education, health services or employment are protection risks regularly faced by internally displaced persons in urban areas and may sometimes be compounded by the lack of individual documentation. The loss or lack of documentation in urban contexts can further exacerbate the already-dire situation of internally displaced persons, given that, without identification, it is generally impossible to sign a lease, seek formal employment or even gain legitimate access to a mobile telephone or the Internet. In some countries, such as Côte d'Ivoire, internally displaced persons are put at risk of statelessness. This situation also increases the chances of being arrested, being forced to pay a bribe and intimidation and renders access to health care, education and other services more difficult.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- In many instances, the lack of access to adequate housing for internally displaced persons, in particular in urban areas, remains a perennial problem, irrespective of the length of displacement. In Afghanistan, internally displaced persons who live in temporary shelters, shacks or camps more than five years after being displaced account for as much as 61 per cent of the internally displaced population. Durable housing strategies, for example in Serbia, including Kosovo, should be considered to be part of durable solutions with livelihood opportunities for the local integration of those displaced in urban areas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The competent authorities have the primary duty and responsibility to establish conditions and means that allow internally displaced persons to attain durable solutions (see principle 28 of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement). Very often, however, there is a lack of coordination between the national and municipal authorities when it comes to carrying out that duty at the level of policy formulation and implementation, which leads to policy gaps. Municipal authorities tend to prefer short-term measures of forcible eviction or return of urban internally displaced persons to their places of origin, if possible. This challenge can be dealt with through law and policy as tools for providing the basis for coordination and, as stated above, the mandate holders have given law and policy development support in specific instances of urban displacement, such as in Afghanistan, Kenya, Somalia and Yemen.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur reiterates the overall importance of profiling as a collaborative information-gathering process, which is indispensable for advocacy on durable solutions, policymaking and, most notably, planning and implementing durable solutions. Profiling is often more complex in urban settings, where internally displaced persons and displacement-affected populations live in informal settlements, usually without personal documentation, and where basic data are sometimes non-existent. Settlements for internally displaced persons, for example in Darfur, are not always static, whether in size or in location. In Mogadishu, which hosts one of the world's largest urban populations of internally displaced persons, the number of settlements has often increased uncontrollably and some settlements have shifted, as a whole or in part, on account of evictions or other secondary displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Given that national censuses often omit informal settlements or internally displaced persons for lack of documentation, there may be little knowledge of the size or profile of the urban internally displaced population. National censuses, as conducted in Cote d'Ivoire in 2014, must be designed to identify internally displaced persons and their location. Experience shows, however, that, when confronted by outsiders asking questions, internally displaced persons feel threatened, especially if they fear eviction or if they are asked questions relating to the informal sector.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- As the Special Rapporteur mentioned in his previous thematic report to the General Assembly, the barriers between development, peacebuilding and humanitarian actors are numerous and include various planning cycles, time frames, mandates, operational systems, terminology, vocabulary and approaches to working with Governments (A/68/225, para. 42). One way of bridging those gaps is to ensure that all actors involved in issues of urban displacement are aware of and trained on the rights based-approach to durable solutions of the Framework on Durable Solutions, in addition to how to better engage with local governments, local communities and internally displaced persons themselves to ensure that their rights and their perspectives are adequately integrated into programming and urban planning (see A/HRC/19/54, para. 25).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes that interesting projects and practices have been tested in various contexts in the search for durable solutions for internally displaced persons. Not enough time has passed and no cross-studies have been carried out to identify the most effective measures and the reasons for their success in any given context, however. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur strongly encourages that such comparative research be carried out. He is currently working with other partners on a project to measure progress in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons based on the identified criteria of the Framework on Durable Solutions using commonly agreed measurement indicators.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In some contexts, government and municipal authorities, sometimes with the support of international stakeholders, have developed urban planning initiatives that do seek to take the specificities and needs of internally displaced persons into consideration. In Afghanistan, for example, a newly adopted national policy on internal displacement provides for measures to ensure that internally displaced persons in informal settlements are permitted to upgrade their accommodation to meet the internationally agreed Sphere standards for emergency shelter, explore community-level initiatives to lend, rent or sell land in areas in which they have settled and identify other options that would grant them security of tenure, such as usufruct schemes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- With regard to cash-grant mechanisms, which include grants for the reconstruction and repair of houses and rental subsidy schemes, they attempt to strengthen tenure security for internally displaced renters, while ensuring that those internally displaced persons move into properties that meet minimum safety standards. For example, in Haiti, two years after the earthquake, the Government addressed some displacement-related housing, land and property issues in the context of its "16/6" project. The project, first launched in August 2011, envisaged the reconstruction of 16 earthquake-affected neighbourhoods and the closure of six major related camps by providing grants to the internally displaced persons living in those camps to rent housing, to construct a new house or to repair their own houses that were damaged by the earthquake. With regard to the rental subsidy mechanism, it also attempted to raise awareness of renters' rights and required the signing of a formal lease.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- While providing rental cash grants can contribute effectively to rebuilding capacity for internally displaced persons who have lost all their assets and provide them with some autonomy in their access to housing, some critics have stressed that the cash interventions would have been better had they been oriented to the market context, i.e. a commensurate increase in the housing stock to avoid "rehoused" internally displaced persons going to overcrowded areas, inhabiting unsafe and informal urban expansions or forming new camps. Criticism also included timing issues, given that the camps were closed before all the internally displaced persons concerned had been offered appropriate alternative housing. The uncertainty and lack of coordination could have been avoided with better preparedness and consultation with those concerned. On the positive side, the Special Rapporteur notes that the 16/6 project was not limited to cash interventions, but also included raising awareness of living standards, vocational training, livelihood programmes and enhanced access to basic services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also encourages initiatives aimed at including existing informal settlements in comprehensive urban planning schemes, thereby increasing security of tenure and adequate living conditions, including in terms of access to services. In the case of Somalia, national and local authorities, United Nations agencies and international non-governmental organizations worked together to devise a comprehensive urban development plan to address the precarious living conditions of internally displaced persons in Boosaaso. Of the inhabitants of Boosaaso, 1 in 4 is internally displaced, with most residing in cramped and unsanitary squatter camps on the peripheries of the city. The private owners of the land on which displaced persons were living forced them to pay high rents, offered no protection from fires that frequently destroyed large sections of the settlements and forbade the construction of any sanitary infrastructure such as wells or latrines.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, along with international non-governmental organizations, suggested a plan based on principles of sustainable urbanization, slum prevention and incremental upgrading. Aspects of the intervention included what is termed a "build back better approach" to emergency response from fires, which took fires as an opportunity to introduce firebreaks and mobile shelter kits made of metal poles and fire-retardant canvas to prevent the spread of future fires. The intervention also involved disaster-preparedness programmes. Furthermore, a simple training guide for upgrading temporary settlements, aimed at municipal officials and community leaders, was developed to allow for a swift transfer of the basic skills needed and to empower displaced people to initiate improvements themselves. This intervention halved the number of families affected by fires.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In addition, a campaign was launched regarding the rights of internally displaced persons to land tenure in Boosaaso. Consequently, landlords entered into an agreement with local authorities and representatives of various displaced groups, which opened the door to upgrading the settlement and included simple principles preventing ad hoc evictions. The campaign mobilized local authorities and traditional/religious leaders to define what would no longer be acceptable in the community. It focused on the positive contribution of internally displaced persons to the local economy and the impact on the host community of unhygienic conditions and heightened fire risks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur encourages initiatives that reinforce local capacity for the achievement of durable solutions. In this regard, the community resource centre run by the International Organization for Migration in Haiti is an example of how camp coordination and camp management tools relating to durable solutions can be used in urban environments and outside camps. The centre's objective is to use a community platform to provide municipalities with a district-level structure to support the planning, coordination and provision of information on reconstruction, return and local development. The main aim is to support local structures and provide both a hub for coordination and a physical space to be handed over at a later stage. This is therefore an example of how developing the capacity of local structures can contribute to making the transition from the humanitarian phase and early recovery and promoting durable solutions to coordination and participation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In areas of informal settlements in which extreme poverty and lack of access to basic services prevail, host communities and their leaders have a crucial role to play. They were present before the natural disaster or conflict and will remain once all international actors leave. Durable solutions for internally displaced persons living side by side with other groups in those areas can therefore be reached effectively only with the participation of the community as a whole and community leaders in particular. Oversight by the local authorities in such processes is, however, key to avoiding the tensions and power struggles that often affect groups of internally displaced persons. The capacity of community representatives and local authorities should therefore be built around the common good, i.e. improving living conditions and access to services, reducing the risks for those particularly affected and promoting durable solutions. If their capacity is strengthened, local actors, communities, internally displaced persons and the urban poor in general become less vulnerable to power struggles between political leaders, gangs and large-scale development promoters and therefore increase their protection against urban violence, corruption and real estate speculation. This also presupposes engagement with a wide variety of stakeholders, such as the private sector, which can have a key impact on the reduction of poverty and development of the capacity for internally displaced persons to search for durable solutions, including through access to livelihood.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings brings with it a set of complexities that States, local authorities, humanitarian and development actors, civil society and internally displaced persons themselves still need to address in a comprehensive and coordinated manner. A one-size-fits-all approach has proved to be inconclusive and it is therefore the primary responsibility of Governments to ensure that, in any given context, durable solutions to urban displacement are found, with the full participation of those affected. Political will in any given context from all stakeholders involved is of the essence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:]
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61a
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [States affected by displacement] Insofar as internally displaced persons in urban settings are often invisible and live among the urban poor, continue to work to identify them and their location, whether with host families or elsewhere, in line with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61b
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [States affected by displacement] Ensure that all causes and dynamics of displacement are addressed and that all three durable solution options are included in national laws and policies for internally displaced persons;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61c
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [States affected by displacement] Develop national frameworks, structures and policies on internal displacement, as already recommended (see A/68/225, para. 59 (a));
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61e
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [National and municipal authorities] Continue to accord priority to and monitor respect for the human rights of internally displaced persons, especially those most at risk of violations, regardless of the duration of displacement and until a sustainable solution is found;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61f
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [National and municipal authorities] Formulate and carry out awareness-raising programmes for the public and with community representatives on the situation of internally displaced persons and durable solutions for them in urban settings;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61g
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [National and municipal authorities] Consult internally displaced persons at both the urban planning and implementation stages, for example through community or neighbourhood representations involving both men and women;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61i
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [National and municipal authorities] Ensure the inclusion of the human rights of internally displaced persons in land tenure security plans, including through detailed mapping of existing public and private services in the sectors concerned;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61l
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [National and municipal authorities] On the basis of the World Bank resettlement guidelines, establish resettlement guidelines to inform decision-making on land allocation procedures for those internally displaced persons unable to integrate locally or to return;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61m
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [National and municipal authorities] Develop incentives for return and resettlement to rural areas, accompanied by livelihood schemes and the development of rural areas as an alternative to urbanization;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61n
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [National and municipal authorities] Establish integrated planning informed by displacement dynamics, with urban development plans, poverty reduction plans, general urban planning and upgrading, including slum upgrading, to include aspects specific to internal displacement and settlements and be carried out within government frameworks where possible, or alongside State actors;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61p
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [Donor States] Allocate sufficient funding to respond effectively and sustainably to internal displacement in urban contexts and, in that regard, increase the length of the funding cycle to allow actors to meet both immediate and long-term needs and engage State actors in governance-related objectives;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61q
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [Donor States] Devote part of that funding to profiling exercises in both conflict-affected and natural-disaster-affected urban areas so as to better grasp the complexity of finding durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban environments, having recourse to the expertise of the Joint IDP Profiling Service;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61s
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [International organizations, including humanitarian and development actors, and urban planners as relevant] Implement the strategy developed in 2010 by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Task Force on Meeting Humanitarian Challenges in Urban Areas in order to strengthen the ability of agencies to adapt their operations towards the achievement of durable solutions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61t
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [International organizations, including humanitarian and development actors, and urban planners as relevant] Humanitarian and development actors should develop expertise in urban issues to bridge gaps between urban planning and a better understanding of displacement dynamics and should ensure the presence of urban advisers in their rosters;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61u
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [International organizations, including humanitarian and development actors, and urban planners as relevant] Establish a glossary of what a rights-based approach to internal displacement in urban settings means for humanitarian and development actors and urban planners;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 61w
- Paragraph text
- [Durable solutions remain available options for internally displaced persons, including those in urban settings. The very nature of urban displacement, however, tends to lend weight to local integration as the viable choice preferred by internally displaced persons in urban areas. Informed by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur reiterates his recommendations made in his previous reports (A/HRC/19/54 and A/68/225) and adds the following recommendations to:] [International organizations, including humanitarian and development actors, and urban planners as relevant] Urban planners should engage before crises, or as early into crises as possible, to build on existing capacity and coping mechanisms;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph