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Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In order to be successful, adaptation measures addressing internal displacement must provide durable solutions strategies in the form of return, local integration or resettlement in another part of the country. However, in the context of climate change, durable solutions are likely to be more complex and less static or one-dimensional. They may combine a number of solutions, including movements which are seasonal or temporary, or solutions which include continuity with the place of origin as well as integration in a different part of the country (for example, part of the family returns to the place of origin permanently or on a seasonal basis, while the breadwinner works in another location). Strategies addressing internal displacement should therefore be sufficiently flexible to include and support various scenarios of human adaptation, and ensure that durable solutions are based on free and informed consent.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The pursuit of durable solutions raises a range of concerns for IDW. Although the choice of a durable solution is, in principle, an individual matter, in practice decisions concerning durable solutions are usually made by families or communities, often marginalizing women's preferences. For example, particularly when they have been the targets of SGBV, IDW may be deterred from returning due to traumatic associations or fear of further attacks. Yet, in some instances families or other actors may pressure women to return despite these concerns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Building a durable solution is a complex process of gradually achieving a situation where the internally displaced no longer have any displacement-specific needs and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination related to their displacement. Families torn apart by conflict or disaster have to be reunited. Livelihoods, housing, land and property and public services have to be reconstructed so that internally displaced persons can enjoy an adequate standard of living. In cases involving arbitrary displacement and other serious violations, it is often also necessary to restore a sense of justice and provide the displaced with effective remedies for the violations they suffered (see also above in chapter III, section G).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The term "host community" has been used to depict a community hosting a camp, or a non-camp population. However it has also become a "catch-all" term, which often obscures the complexity and variety of communities in which IDPs live. The kinds of host communities vary widely across contexts. In many cases, 'host communities' simply refers to communities in which relatives or friends take in a family member. At other times, they refer to communities in locations to which IDPs have fled and remain during their period of displacement. Often host communities and host families may be poor or living in precarious conditions themselves. They may lack physical security, adequate access to basic services, and may have been impacted by conflict or a natural disaster as well. In some cases host communities are receiving new arrivals while in others they may be reintegrating returnees. In other contexts, such as those subject to repeated or cyclical displacements, host communities may be made up of IDPs who have simply been displaced longer.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Flight to urban areas following conflict or disaster in another part of the country is also a common feature of internal displacement today. Urban areas may promise more safety than rural areas as a result of the anonymity and invisibility that one can acquire there. For example, there are girls in Abidjan who were victims of sexual violence in places of displacement in rural areas or who became pregnant during displacement and moved to the city. A primary reason for flight to urban areas is family links, but the hope of finding alternative livelihoods is also a factor that influences the flight of internally displaced persons, who often lose their original livelihoods through displacement. Similarly, education opportunities and better services, such as special health care, regularly lead to flight to urban areas and peripheries. Urban areas may therefore allow internally displaced persons to better maintain their coping mechanisms and resilience, albeit at low levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Internally displaced persons are some of the most vulnerable, having lost their homes, livelihoods, security and social and community networks and support. Many suffer from family separation during flight and trauma and health problems related to displacement and/or conflict or disasters. They may be at risk when they are present in or close to ongoing conflicts or disasters, or having to fend for themselves with little access to humanitarian or development assistance. The majority are outside of camps and difficult to reach. Innovative and creative approaches are needed to integrate their protection and assistance needs into development processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- In some situations of generalized violence, persecution or human rights violations, for example, the internal displacement of individuals, families or targeted communities may be slower, small-scale, dispersed and less obvious than in some conflict situations. There are those who flee their homes but do not identify themselves as internally displaced persons owing to a lack of understanding about their rights or out of fear or a desire to remain anonymous. Equally, State authorities can fail to identify those persons as internally displaced owing to a lack of understanding or neglect of their pertinent obligations to assist and protect those displaced by generalized violence. The challenge exists to ensure that those who are unlawfully forced or coerced to leave their homes are identified as internally displaced persons and receive necessary assistance and protection.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Education also provides routine, normality, a protective function, support and information and can be an important step towards community integration in displacement locations. For IDPs, education may be a low priority in the face of survival needs. Children may contribute economically to displaced communities, which can be another barrier to their schooling. Internally displaced parents may exclude children from school in the belief that they will quickly return to their original homes, only for their displacement to become protracted. Parents may also hesitate to send their children to school in conflict zones which may be targeted for forced recruitment of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- The Inter-Agency Standing Committee Framework sets out eight benchmarks to help determine the extent to which a durable solution has been achieved. Working groups or task forces on durable solutions should use these criteria to monitor progress towards achieving durable solutions. The benchmarks are the following: safety and security; adequate standard of living; employment and livelihoods; restoration of housing, land and property; access to documentation; family reunification; participation in public affairs; and effective remedies, including access to justice.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Provincial and municipal authorities responsible for local development, social services and security in their areas have a particular responsibility and interest in ensuring that IDPs outside camps, receive assistance in achieving durable solutions. In some cases, durable solutions will imply local integration in the host community, a process in which local authorities play a key role, and with regard to which the collection of good practices would be valuable. They can also however, contribute towards other durable solutions, including returns and resettlement elsewhere in the country, including by: ensuring that IDPs in their communities are identified and included in national durable solutions programmes; improving access to information for IDPs; and facilitating the transference of documents or benefits they may have acquired during their displacement. They can also facilitate transitional or a combination of solutions, such as permitting IDPs to retain certain rights, e.g. residency permits in host communities while they set up their new life in their area of return and ascertain its safety, or by facilitating procedures so that some members of the family may remain working in the host community while the rest of the family returns to the place of origin. Where IDPs originally from the host community are returning to it, local authorities will also play a central role in reinstating their rights, and addressing issues such as secondary occupancy which may emerged as a result of their prolonged absence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The Framework states that "a durable solution is achieved when internally displaced persons no longer have specific assistance and protection needs that are linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination resulting from their displacement". It outlines three routes to durable solutions (sustainable reintegration, local integration or integration in another part of the country) and provides a starting point for analysis, advocacy and programming. Eight criteria determine the extent to which a durable solution has been achieved: safety and security; adequate standard of living; access to livelihoods; restoration of housing, land and property; access to documentation; family reunification; participation in public affairs; and access to effective remedies and justice.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Situations of generalized violence do not constitute conflict but may have a similar impact on those forced to leave their homes. Greater research is required to reveal the full extent of the problem and its impact on individuals, families and communities. As highlighted by the former Special Rapporteur, governments may not acknowledge violence-induced displacement as triggering their obligations to protect the affected persons as internally displaced persons under international law and standards, including the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Equally, those affected may not know or claim their rights to protection as internally displaced persons and may in fact seek anonymity due to threats and the risk of violence, making them hard to identify and reach with assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- IDPs are often the victims of direct or indirect discrimination in host communities based on their situation or categorization as IDPs. In some cases this discrimination may be based on ethnic or other differences, while in others it is due to more structural problems. In the context of his country visits, the Special Rapporteur has found that IDPs are often denied access to basic services such as primary education and health services, due to the fact that local schools or health facilities are already underfunded or overcrowded, or for purely bureaucratic reasons. In these contexts, local health and educational institutions may request proof of residency or special fees from IDP families (for services normally free of charge), so as to be able to effectively expand their services to them. Such situations reflect the need for more effective coordination and timely financial transfer systems between central and local authorities, including the areas from which IDPs fled, which can take into account a local influx of IDPs and their related needs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Provincial and municipal authorities can play a key role in liaising with their national Government authorities and displacement-affected communities, as well as in the development and implementation of IDP-specific and community based programmes. Supporting local authorities in the development of community based programmes may be particularly appreciated when authorities must contend with the competing demands of other vulnerable sectors of the population who may feel their needs are being neglected. Such programmes should be based on disaggregated data on both IDPs and the host community, which includes their specific vulnerabilities, needs and coping mechanisms, and be participatory and inclusive. Community-based programmes can vary significantly depending on the context, but can include financial or in kind assistance to host families; community revitalisation programmes; or the expansion and strengthening of local infrastructures and services. Support to local authorities, through awareness raising and training, including on technical matters such as the conduct of consultative processes, data collection and programme design, should be areas for investment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Article 9 (2) of the Convention requires States to provide special protection and assistance to internally displaced persons with special needs, including separated and unaccompanied children, female heads of household, expectant mothers, mothers with young children, persons with disabilities and older persons, and to take measures for family tracing and reunification.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- In addition to early warning systems, legal preparedness measures, such as national legislation and policies, and other measures to protect the human rights of internally displaced persons can be put in place before disaster strikes in order to limit the negative impact of potential displacement. They can include measures to preserve and restore family unity (e.g. during evacuations), which is a key factor contributing to protection, and to ensure the replacement of personal documentation through rapid and simplified procedures. They can also include measures to protect housing, land and property rights through the registration and safekeeping of land titles; mechanisms to resolve property disputes following a disaster; and precautions to ensure that disaster relief interventions are conducted in such a way as to avoid discrimination (for example on the basis of gender, age or ethnicity).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- As women and mothers, poor and frequently from minorities, internally displaced women face multiple and intersectional challenges. Women are frequently separated from men in conflict-related displacement situations, sometimes permanently due to the death of men, or to men joining the armed conflict or being forced to flee the conflict without their families. Women also frequently have the primary responsibility of caring for children and the elderly and are less able to seek employment or income-generating activities. Despite these obstacles, internally displaced women frequently take on family and community leadership roles.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- During displacement, family members may be separated or some may go missing. In both post-conflict and post-disaster situations, national authorities have the responsibility to reunite families and to create specific mechanisms to look into the whereabouts of missing relatives. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee Framework states: "Appropriate tracing is to be undertaken at the earliest possible time to establish the fate and whereabouts of missing relatives and to inform the next of kin of progress made in the investigation and the results obtained." During his visit to Sri Lanka in December 2013, the Special Rapporteur learned that the Government had appointed a commission to investigate the fate of nearly 18,000 people who went missing during the armed conflict. He recommended that it should comply fully with international standards, work in full consultation with the families of the missing persons, extend its coverage to include missing persons/disappearances since May 2009 and make its finding and recommendations public (A/HRC/26/33/Add.4).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- While the figures are alarming and tell us much about the global internal displacement situation and trends, it is essential that we look beyond the statistics to recognize the human suffering behind them. In that regard, enhancing support to Governments to collect and analyse reliable and protection-sensitive information for evidence-based policy, programming and response is crucial. Media and political discourse often consigns the displaced, whether internal, refugees or migrants, as a collective, faceless problem to be resolved, rather than individuals and families whose lives, wishes and hopes matter.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The establishment of emergency assistance and complementary support structures are also necessary in order to address situations when host family arrangements break down or are insufficient. In many cases, the assistance and hospitality provided by hosts may be primarily based on affiliations with some members of the family and not others (e.g. one of the spouses), so that when the nuclear IDP family disintegrates during the period of displacement, some members may have to leave and find their own solutions. In other situations, the strains of assisting and providing shelter to IDPs for prolonged periods may be such that host families may simply no longer be able to continue providing this support unassisted. In all of these situations, IDPs will in many cases need to leave the host family. Ensuring that systems are in place to support hosting arrangements, and to provide protection and assistance alternatives for IDPs who can no longer remain in these arrangements, will be vital in order to prevent the most vulnerable IDPs from having to adopt negative coping mechanisms, such as early marriage, dangerous and exploitative livelihood activities, and from living in precarious settings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, while family, friends and communities may initially welcome and assist IDPs, when their stay drags on, for months or years, strains on resources may lead to an eventual breaking point and the need for IDPs to find alternative assistance or living arrangements, often resulting in secondary movements and a more precarious situation. Even when specific IDP assistance exists in the form of food or other emergency assistance, distribution of assistance to non-camp IDPs, often tends to be one-off distributions at the beginning of displacement rather than the sustained assistance which is needed. Similarly, while State assistance programmes may sometimes be available for vulnerable groups in society, these will often be insufficient to take into account the heightened needs brought about by displacement, may be contingent on local residency or identity documents which IDPs may not be able to provide, or IDPs may not access them out of fear of drawing attention to themselves, for security reasons. Discrimination on the basis of their being displaced may also create an additional barrier to accessing State services. The considerations below aim to provide an initial framework for strengthening humanitarian and development responses to the needs of IDPs outside camps and those of their host communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
21 shown of 21 entities