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Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63l
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] States must put into place supplementary social policies to ensure inclusiveness, such as safety nets and subsidies. These measures must be well targeted to actually reach those who need it most;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63m
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] To ensure accountability, States and other actors involved should clearly designate roles and responsibilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 81d
- Paragraph text
- [Human rights law provides a framework for ambitious, but realistic planning. While the ultimate goal must be universal coverage, the notion of progressive realization tailors this goal to the country situation and allows for the time frame that proves to be realistic in a given context. States must go to the maximum of available resources in the realization of the rights to water and to sanitation, turning to international assistance where needed. Progressive realization also implies gradually higher levels of service. In line with this:] States should formulate and design the necessary measures to meet the set targets;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83d
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] Where service provision is decentralized, the State must set minimum standards at the national level in order to ensure coherence and countrywide compliance with human rights. As part of the State, local authorities are also bound by human rights law. States must regulate the activities of local governments, and monitor and control their performance in order to ensure that they comply with international human rights obligations. Moreover, States must ensure that these authorities have the necessary financial, human and other resources to effectively discharge their responsibilities. Clear allocation of responsibilities between levels of government is crucial;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 82b
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework requires a coherent and comprehensive approach to planning that emphasizes the underlying structural causes and systemic biases for the lack of access to water and sanitation. It requires considering how laws, social norms, traditional practices and institutional structures and actions affect access. As such, the human rights framework helps to not only cure the symptoms, that is, the lack of access, but aims at addressing the underlying reasons, leading to more sustainable results. In this regard:] Strategies and plans must be developed through a participatory and inclusive process ensuring, in particular, that disadvantaged, marginalized and vulnerable people and communities are represented. Participation must go beyond mere information sharing and superficial consultation, and provide real opportunities for influence throughout the planning process;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76a (iv)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] General recommendations on equality, non-discrimination and equity: The future framework should aim at reducing inequality gaps while focusing on the most economically and socially deprived members of society. The equity approach should not be used alone; rather it should be complemented with the principles of non-discrimination and equality. Embracing both approaches provides an important political foothold by emphasizing areas where human rights law has traditionally been less robust - especially in relation to wealth inequities and global disparities - while also underlining the legal obligation to eliminate discrimination;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers sustainability to be a fundamental human rights principle essential for realizing the human rights to water and sanitation. She understands sustainability as the direct counterpart to retrogression; it requires that services be available and accessible to everyone on an almost permanent basis, without discrimination, while ensuring beneficial change through quality services and sustained behavior change. Water and sanitation must be available for present and future generations, and the provision of services today should not compromise the future ability to realize these human rights. Understanding sustainability from a human rights perspective greatly contributes to achieving lasting solutions to water and sanitation challenges for present and future generations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- In many instances only token attention has been paid to participation. All too often, only the well off and powerful, as determined by gender, ethnicity, income and other factors, "participate" in decision-making, to the exclusion of marginalized members of society. The greatest challenge may lie in ensuring participation on the basis of equality. When participatory processes do not unveil and address entrenched power structures and marginalization, they carry the risk of being manipulative and of reinforcing and "legitimizing" inequalities. Equality and non-discrimination demand structural transformation to remove barriers to meaningful participation for all. They also require deliberation and redistributive action to remedy past patterns of resource allocation that have reinforced marginalization.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83k
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ratify or otherwise accept all optional communications procedures, including the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights , the Optional Protocols to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights , the Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women , and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, including their inquiry mechanisms;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Assess what financing mechanisms and subsidies are in place, including hidden subsidies, and who benefits from them;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75a
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Prioritize funding, both in the national budget and for official development assistance, for water and sanitation with a particular focus on extending access to the unserved or under-served. This should include measures to identify the most marginalized, excluded and disadvantaged populations in terms of access to water and sanitation and specific initiatives to improve their situation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83h
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] States must put into place mechanisms and remedies to hold the relevant actors accountable for following the plan and achieving the targets it has set;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87i
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] Donors, international organizations and other non-State actors, including the private sector, should meet their human rights obligations and responsibilities respectively, and support States in improving wastewater management and pollution control, in particular through targeting resources to address the most urgent and serious challenges and improve the lives and livelihoods of the most excluded and disadvantaged populations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63b
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] States must have a vision of how to fully realize the rights to water and sanitation for all, and elaborate national strategies and action plans to implement this vision. These should be endorsed at the highest political level and integrated within national poverty reduction strategies and expenditure frameworks to ensure their operationalization, sustainability and comprehensiveness;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83f
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] States should build arrangements for monitoring and evaluation into the strategy and plan from the outset;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76b (iii) d.
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding goals, targets and indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene: Future goals, targets and indicators on water, sanitation and hygiene must: Address group-related inequalities that vary across countries, such as those based on ethnicity, race, nationality, language and religion;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82c (iv)
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] Such study and its findings should, in particular: Serve as the basis for the design of specific policies and programmes, the allocation of financial and human resources, targeted evidence-based measures and, where needed, temporary special measures for groups and individuals facing stigma in relation to the rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87j
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States should promote the integration of human rights into the post-2015 sustainable development agenda through, inter alia, incorporating the elimination of inequalities, drinking water safety, the collection and treatment of wastewater, especially addressing faecal sludge management, and putting particular emphasis on monitoring informal settlements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Raise awareness on economic, social and cultural rights and the human rights to water and sanitation in particular so that individuals know their rights and will be able to claim them in the case of violations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83j
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Provide comprehensive information in their periodic reports to treaty-monitoring bodies, the universal periodic review process and relevant regional mechanisms for the prevention of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Affordability is key for the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation. Ensuring affordable service provision for all people requires a paradigm shift - starting from the perspective of human rights. Economic sustainability and affordability for all people are not impossible to reconcile, but human rights require rethinking current lines of argumentation and redesigning current instruments. The main challenge is to ensure that targeted measures and instruments do, in fact, reach the people who rely on them most. For instance, tariffs must be designed in such a way that the most disadvantaged of those connected to formal utilities receive the assistance they need. It also requires ensuring that public finance and subsidies reach the most marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and communities, who are often not (yet) connected to a formal network, who may live in informal settlements without any formal title or in remote rural areas where self-supply is common, and who are often overlooked or deliberately ignored in current policymaking and planning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- A variety of operational tools was observed among the different funders, some with greater relevance to the human rights to water and sanitation than others. The extent to which those tools can guarantee that development cooperation projects will have positive impacts on human rights depends on at least two factors. First, tools based explicitly on the human rights framework will naturally be more apt to incorporate all relevant standards and cause minimal negative impacts. Recognizing that water and sanitation projects are parts of broader, dynamic contexts that can limit a given project’s results, such tools must ensure adaptability in order to maximize the progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation and other related rights. Second, mainstreaming the use of such tools by operational teams involved in project implementation will avoid the risk of standards being applied selectively.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63n
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] States are particularly encouraged to ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89g
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Prohibit disconnections due to inability to pay, in law and in regulatory frameworks;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89h
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that instruments delegating service provision, including contracts, reflect the national regulatory framework and human rights standards;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89k
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Establish the necessary mechanisms to ensure accountability of regulatory actors;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63h
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] Data collection at the global level and human rights-based monitoring must disaggregate progress according to different grounds of discrimination. Gender and wealth quintiles must be prioritized for that purpose. In addition, a contextualized approach to disaggregation is required. States must identify groups and individuals under their jurisdiction who face discrimination and specifically monitor progress in improving their access to sanitation and water;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The independent expert considers that a more nuanced approach is needed in the debate on the participation of non-State actors in water and services provision, namely, one that overcomes the simplistic public vs. private debate and acknowledges the existence of a wide variety of actors and arrangements for the delivery of water and sanitation services. These are rarely exclusively public or private, and they also involve both the formal and informal sectors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76b (iii) e.
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding goals, targets and indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene: Future goals, targets and indicators on water, sanitation and hygiene must: Address the impacts of individual-related inequalities, present in every country of the globe, such as those based on sex/gender, age, and disability - as they are experienced in the public and private spheres;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76c (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding data sources and methodology: Disaggregation of data is a powerful tool for the collection of detailed and accurate information, but it does not automatically result in the reduction of inequalities. Incentives to reduce inequalities and target the most disadvantaged must be incorporated in the definition of goals, targets and indicators;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87f
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States should put in place stronger regulations and independent regulators. They should assign clear institutional responsibilities for all aspects of wastewater management and pollution control, including faecal sludge management. They should develop capacity, including for overseeing and coordinating the sector. They must ensure participation by concerned communities and stakeholders in decision-making on wastewater management in order to promote sustainable solutions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83c
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] States should clearly identify and designate the ministry or ministries and department(s) responsible for the planning process and implementation, including a coordination body;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74h
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Correct the imbalance in funding of water supply and sanitation services, giving due priority to the sanitation sector and particular consideration to the related needs of the most disadvantaged populations, and adopt appropriate technology that takes into account the sociocultural characteristics of the target populations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77j
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Develop water, sanitation and hygiene approaches, programmes and policies that proactively and deliberately enable the meaningful participation of women at all stages of planning, decision-making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. States and development partners must identify, acknowledge and remove barriers to participation in decision-making in respect of water, sanitation and hygiene initiatives and ensure that women are aware of their ability to participate;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 91d
- Paragraph text
- [In the project selection, design and implementation stages, the Special Rapporteur reiterates the importance of measures and safeguards with the specific aim of ensuring human rights compliance (ibid., para. 74 (b)) and recommends that funders:] Ensure that the design and implementation of projects are carried out in a transparent manner with the participation of related stakeholders, including beneficiaries of the project, providing ample access to relevant information and including mechanisms to address the accountability of funders;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 91a
- Paragraph text
- [In the project selection, design and implementation stages, the Special Rapporteur reiterates the importance of measures and safeguards with the specific aim of ensuring human rights compliance (ibid., para. 74 (b)) and recommends that funders:] Balance water and sanitation projects and coverage of those services between urban and rural areas in a way consistent with the progressive realization of the rights to water and sanitation in each context;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 91b
- Paragraph text
- [In the project selection, design and implementation stages, the Special Rapporteur reiterates the importance of measures and safeguards with the specific aim of ensuring human rights compliance (ibid., para. 74 (b)) and recommends that funders:] Ensure that the selection, design and implementation of projects apply the framework for the human rights to water and sanitation, notably prioritizing those people in the most vulnerable situations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63n
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] States must put into place accountability mechanisms at the national level. They should also adhere to mechanisms at the regional and international levels and should, in particular, ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63o
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] States should ensure that economic, social and cultural rights, including the rights to sanitation and water, are justiciable before national courts and other accountability mechanisms. They must ensure access to justice in practical terms, including physical and economic access on an equitable basis;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63p
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] Non-State actors must not obstruct access to State-based mechanisms and should also provide grievance mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The present report has reviewed various challenges in financing access to water and sanitation for the realization of these human rights. Ensuring water and sanitation for all will require considerably more resources to extend sustainable access to the billions of people who still lack access. Beyond the need for additional resources, however, existing resources must also be better targeted to prioritize the most excluded and marginalized. More transparent budgets and better coordination will also assist in acquiring a more complete understanding of the resources available to tackle the water and sanitation crisis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 82c
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework requires a coherent and comprehensive approach to planning that emphasizes the underlying structural causes and systemic biases for the lack of access to water and sanitation. It requires considering how laws, social norms, traditional practices and institutional structures and actions affect access. As such, the human rights framework helps to not only cure the symptoms, that is, the lack of access, but aims at addressing the underlying reasons, leading to more sustainable results. In this regard:] States must ensure transparency throughout the planning process, making relevant information, including on existing policies and measures, and expert advice on available technical options, as well as drafts of the plan, publicly available in all relevant languages via multiple channels to ensure accessibility.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83a
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] States must review existing legislation to detect gaps and to assess whether the existing legislative framework is in line with the rights to water and to sanitation. Where legislation is found to be inconsistent, it must be repealed, amended or adapted to meet human rights standards and principles;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83e
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] International organizations and donor agencies should support strong national planning processes through initiatives, such as Sanitation and Water for All, that help to overcome capacity constraints, but should not drive the process. They should support the coordination process, capacity-building and institutional strengthening, including at the local level, to ensure that institutions can properly fulfil their responsibilities and are accountable to the population, including with regard to preventing and fighting corruption;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The human rights framework requires States to prioritize the most marginalized, and to ensure their access to information, empowerment and effective participation. States must identify challenges, duty bearers and solutions through bottom-up local diagnostics, ensure accountability and tie any measures taken to substantive human rights standards. This process is as essential in combating stigma as the substantive parameters it hinges upon. The process of having the conversation, of including people in the discussion, and finding solutions together, has the potential to effect shifts in attitudes and behaviours and to lead to lasting and transformative changes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Only by addressing stigma will States be able to fully realize the human rights to water and sanitation, and ensure non-discrimination or the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment. Comprehensive and holistic measures to prevent, address and provide for redress in cases of stigma and punish the perpetrators where stigma results in the violation of human rights are indispensable. States must refrain from any activities that perpetuate and institutionalize stigma, and must protect individuals from human rights abuses committed by third parties, including, for example, service providers, the media, community members and family members, that are rooted in stigma as a deeply entrenched sociocultural phenomenon. To that extent, States must act with due diligence. They must go beyond enacting formal legal provisions and take positive action to meet their obligations effectively and make a legitimate and reasonable effort to prevent and combat stigma.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Similar to the broad conclusion reached in the first report (A/71/302, paras. 41-44), the Special Rapporteur finds that the explicit commitment to human rights in the six funders’ policies constitutes a heterogeneous patchwork. While some funders’ policies consider the human rights framework, particularly the human rights to water and sanitation, others are only sporadically aligned with those rights and reveal varying degrees of clarity regarding their application to development cooperation. However, even in cases where the human rights framework was adequately incorporated in funders’ policies, the Special Rapporteur observed significant gaps in the application of this framework during project implementation. The root causes of such gaps are varied, including non-implementation of applicable policies at the project stage, non-integration of the human rights framework in the funder’s policies and tools and the absence of a human rights approach in the project selection and design stages.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91e
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must ensure access to justice where the human right to participation has been violated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89e
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that access to water and sanitation services is not conditioned by land tenure in law and in regulatory frameworks;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76b (i)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding goals, targets and indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene: The post-2015 development agenda should incorporate a stand-alone goal on water, sanitation and hygiene, to ensure that universal access to these services will be treated as a vital feature of social and economic development, on equal footing with health or education. Water, sanitation and hygiene should not be neglected in the global priority-setting for development goals;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82c (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] Such study and its findings should, in particular: Be widely disseminated, including with the purpose of increasing awareness about the pervasive impact of stigma in the exercise of the rights to water and sanitation. States and other stakeholders should adopt broad-based awareness-raising and advocacy campaigns to ensure the visibility of the situation of individuals or groups of individuals facing stigma;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82c (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] Such study and its findings should, in particular: Serve as a basis for challenging stereotypes. Based on the findings, States should start tackling stigma within the State institutions and adopt public campaigns. They should focus on school interventions, and target stereotypes and harmful practices that find a formal "justification" under the umbrella of culture, law or tradition;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- In the present report, the independent expert has focused on the role of non-State service providers. Recognizing that service provision is an essential component of the realization of the rights to water and sanitation, she intends to continue working on this issue. For instance, she considers that instruments for the delegation of service provision such as contracts and mandates of State-owned companies would benefit from a human rights analysis. In that context, she notes with interest the work the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises is undertaking in the area of responsible contracting.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63b
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] States must not discriminate (de jure or de facto) against any groups or individuals in the provision of services, but rather adopt targeted measures to reach the most marginalized;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 80g
- Paragraph text
- [The full realization of human rights can require complex trade-offs that are even more difficult in situations of economic crisis. Having a plan or a vision guided by a human rights framework helps authorities to prioritize the realization of human rights above other considerations. Yet, a human rights framework provides no single answer on how to set priorities in a case where not all can be reached at the same time - for instance the distribution of resources between neglected remote rural areas and deprived urban slum areas. What human rights standards and principles call for is that such allocation decisions are not based solely on a cost-utility analysis, but are the result of a democratic, participatory and non-discriminatory process. In this regard:] Where transfers from the national to the local level are made, national Governments must adopt a system of transfers that ensures equitable distribution and makes additional resources available to regions with disadvantaged populations and prioritizes those without access.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 81a
- Paragraph text
- [Human rights law provides a framework for ambitious, but realistic planning. While the ultimate goal must be universal coverage, the notion of progressive realization tailors this goal to the country situation and allows for the time frame that proves to be realistic in a given context. States must go to the maximum of available resources in the realization of the rights to water and to sanitation, turning to international assistance where needed. Progressive realization also implies gradually higher levels of service. In line with this:] States must base the development of a strategy and plan for the implementation of the rights to water and to sanitation on a robust situational analysis of the current status in the realization of these rights based on the normative criteria of availability, quality, acceptability, accessibility and affordability. They must pay particular attention to marginalized and vulnerable groups to determine their levels of access, specific barriers they may face in gaining access and the underlying reasons behind those barriers;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 81b
- Paragraph text
- [Human rights law provides a framework for ambitious, but realistic planning. While the ultimate goal must be universal coverage, the notion of progressive realization tailors this goal to the country situation and allows for the time frame that proves to be realistic in a given context. States must go to the maximum of available resources in the realization of the rights to water and to sanitation, turning to international assistance where needed. Progressive realization also implies gradually higher levels of service. In line with this:] States should also undertake an assessment of existing policies, programmes and activities, determine what resources are allocated, and identify the actors involved and assess their capacity;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 81c
- Paragraph text
- [Human rights law provides a framework for ambitious, but realistic planning. While the ultimate goal must be universal coverage, the notion of progressive realization tailors this goal to the country situation and allows for the time frame that proves to be realistic in a given context. States must go to the maximum of available resources in the realization of the rights to water and to sanitation, turning to international assistance where needed. Progressive realization also implies gradually higher levels of service. In line with this:] States should set clear targets, in line with human rights standards, that are based on a realistic assessment of resources and capacity;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 80d
- Paragraph text
- [The full realization of human rights can require complex trade-offs that are even more difficult in situations of economic crisis. Having a plan or a vision guided by a human rights framework helps authorities to prioritize the realization of human rights above other considerations. Yet, a human rights framework provides no single answer on how to set priorities in a case where not all can be reached at the same time - for instance the distribution of resources between neglected remote rural areas and deprived urban slum areas. What human rights standards and principles call for is that such allocation decisions are not based solely on a cost-utility analysis, but are the result of a democratic, participatory and non-discriminatory process. In this regard:] States must first aim at basic access for everyone and then move progressively towards higher levels of service;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 82a
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework requires a coherent and comprehensive approach to planning that emphasizes the underlying structural causes and systemic biases for the lack of access to water and sanitation. It requires considering how laws, social norms, traditional practices and institutional structures and actions affect access. As such, the human rights framework helps to not only cure the symptoms, that is, the lack of access, but aims at addressing the underlying reasons, leading to more sustainable results. In this regard:] States should ensure the sustainability of investments by not only focusing on infrastructure, but also ensuring operation and maintenance, the institutional and managerial structure, including regulation, and structural measures, including increasing capacity;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83g
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] To enable monitoring, States should develop indicators reflecting the human rights criteria of the availability, quality, acceptability, accessibility and affordability of water and sanitation. Such indicators should be designed not only to measure the outcome in terms of access figures, but also capture the progress made and Government efforts. States should make better use of existing data and, where lack of relevant and reliable data provides a constraint, States should strengthen their capacity;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83i
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] States must implement measures to overcome obstacles in access to justice, such as prohibitive costs, language requirements, requirements of representation and geographic location of the courts and other mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Stigma must be addressed in its external and internalized dimensions in order to combat it effectively. Information, participation and empowerment must be the starting point of any measures to combat stigma. Many stigmatized groups are well organized, make claims on their rights, and educate society at large. States and other stakeholders should further empower stigmatized groups and individuals to claim their rights and to confront and challenge stigma and the people who stigmatize them. All relevant stakeholders, including individuals, communities, families, civil society organizations, networks of stigmatized groups, the media and donors, among many others, have responsibilities to combat stigma and should work together.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82c (i)
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] Such study and its findings should, in particular: Serve as the basis for the adoption of new legislation and policies or the revision or amendment of existing legislation and policies which may not expressly address stigma as one of the key obstacles to exercising the rights to water and sanitation by individuals or specific population groups. Where legislation and policies reflect stigmatizing attitudes, institutionalizing and formalizing stigma, they must be repealed;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82e
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States must put in place accountability mechanisms and ensure access to justice where stigmatization results in human rights violations. Mechanisms must be in place to investigate violations and punish perpetrators. States must also provide for redress at the individual level, including restitution, compensation, satisfaction and/or guarantees of non-repetition. States must guarantee access to justice in practice by ensuring that mechanisms are accessible, affordable, timely and effective.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87e
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States should develop contextualized approaches that promote context-specific appropriate policies, facilities and financing mechanisms. The human rights framework does not promote a sewerage plus sewage treatment model under all circumstances. States have an obligation to progressively realize human rights, inter alia, through the adoption of a wastewater ladder approach. States should devote more attention to the management of septage and faecal sludge, which often poses the biggest challenges and threats but also provides the greatest opportunities and immediate public health gains;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87g
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States must ensure adequate funding for wastewater management and pollution control. They must make efficient use of resources to avoid failed investments and unsustainable solutions, and they must carefully target resources to reach the most disadvantaged. They must ensure that wastewater charges are affordable to the population, including the most disadvantaged, and at the same time must raise appropriate charges from polluters and implement and enforce the "polluter pays" principle;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- The present report provides an exploratory and preliminary approach to analysing development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector between States and multilateral agencies, based on secondary data, published articles and responses to a questionnaire sent to several stakeholders. Some of the issues presented will require more thorough and in-depth research, to be performed through engagement with relevant funders and partner States, and will be addressed in a subsequent report to be submitted in 2017. That report will include, but will not be limited to, a review of experiences that illustrate the stakes involved in applying the human rights framework to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector carried out by States, multilateral agencies and (possibly) non-governmental organizations. Given that information on those experiences will be essential in complementing and validating some of the information provided in the present report, the conclusions and recommendations herein must be considered with attention to their preliminary character.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Regulatory frameworks are essential for the implementation of the human rights to water and sanitation and must support the State’s obligations with regard to these rights. International human rights law does not call for a particular choice of regulatory framework. What is essential from a human rights perspective is that those carrying out regulatory functions be immune to pressures from any illegitimate interests and that the main objectives of regulation be aligned with the water and sanitation human rights standards and principles. Regulation plays a key role in monitoring service providers’ compliance with the normative content of the human rights to water and sanitation and in ensuring accountability. Identifying and avoiding violations of these rights and retrogressions in their progressive realization is also key for the regulation of water and sanitation services. As public bodies, regulatory actors are bound by States’ international human rights obligations, and their functions should go beyond mere policing and include supporting and influencing policy changes in line with the human rights framework.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82a
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may result from action or failure to act;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82b
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may be deliberate and intentional or they may be unintended consequences of policies, programmes and other measures;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure active, free and meaningful participation in the decision-making on adopting types of services and management models;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86k
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure independent regulation of the water and sanitation sectors;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76b (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding goals, targets and indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene: A goal on universal access must be complemented with a call for the reduction of inequalities. One of the targets should consist in reducing the gap between the rate of coverage in terms of access to water, sanitation and hygiene in the best-off or dominant groups to that of the worst-off or minority groups;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Stigma plays an insidious role in perpetuating, "justifying" and ultimately creating impunity for human rights violations. It also serves to silence and erase issues, and exclude individuals and communities from access to water and sanitation, preventing some people from exercising their civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. Most often, stigmatized individuals are the ones whose lives and health are placed directly in jeopardy by lack of access to water and sanitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 91f
- Paragraph text
- [In the project selection, design and implementation stages, the Special Rapporteur reiterates the importance of measures and safeguards with the specific aim of ensuring human rights compliance (ibid., para. 74 (b)) and recommends that funders:] Provide, in projects supporting institutional development and policies, lasting improvements to the capacity of local authorities and different stakeholders to actually adopt water and sanitation services in a way consistent with the human rights framework.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77i
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure the gender-responsive water, sanitation and hygiene facilities are available in schools, hospitals, the workplace, market places, places of detention and public spaces like public transport hubs and public institutions, among other places. Laws and regulations must be developed, promoted and enforced and must serve to hold Governments and non-State actors to account;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- While most funders’ project assessments are mostly focused on attainment of project objectives and sustainability of services, a specific human rights-based assessment during and upon completion of projects was not observed. Carrying out monitoring with a human rights perspective on a long-term basis would improve funders’ ability to assess the elements of sustainability in their projects and to protect, respect and fulfil human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63a
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] States are encouraged to adapt, tailor and contextualize Millennium Development Goals at the national level, in a way that ensures respect for human rights, on the basis of an objective assessment of national priorities and resource constraints. States must take deliberate, concrete and targeted steps to progressively realize the rights to water and sanitation and corresponding development targets as expeditiously and effectively as possible. Ultimately, they must aim for universal access in line with human rights standards;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63f
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] Official development assistance for the water and sanitation sector must be better targeted to primarily reach those most in need, including in least developed and other low-income countries as well as the most marginalized communities and populations in other countries. As those most in need tend to benefit from basic systems, priority should be given to these. Moreover, since sanitation continues to be underfunded, and more off track than the water target, the former must be prioritized in aid targeting;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63g
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] The formulation of new or revised global goals, targets and indicators and their adaptation at the national level must be guided by human rights standards and principles, including the normative content of the rights to water and sanitation, as well as non-discrimination, participation and accountability. In particular, future indicators must reflect the criteria of availability, safety, acceptability, accessibility (including reliability) and affordability in line with human rights standards;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63i
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] The Joint Monitoring Programme should serve as a global discussion platform to facilitate the formulation of possible next-generation global water, sanitation and hygiene targets, corresponding indicators and adequate data-collection mechanisms. It would be well positioned to compile experiences on the measurability of additional indicators, commission research into these issues where needed and disseminate experiences. To meet this task, it will require adequate resourcing;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63k
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] States and other relevant actors must promote genuinely participatory processes and empower people to actively take part in decision-making processes, including on the use of development assistance, inter alia by overcoming barriers including low literacy levels, language constraints, cultural barriers and physical obstacles. To enable meaningful participation, full transparency must be ensured. All people must have full and equal access to information concerning water and sanitation and related plans, policies and programmes, including the use of development assistance;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63d
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] International financial institutions and donors should support national and local decision-making processes aimed at finding contextualized solutions in compliance with human rights law;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 81e
- Paragraph text
- [Human rights law provides a framework for ambitious, but realistic planning. While the ultimate goal must be universal coverage, the notion of progressive realization tailors this goal to the country situation and allows for the time frame that proves to be realistic in a given context. States must go to the maximum of available resources in the realization of the rights to water and to sanitation, turning to international assistance where needed. Progressive realization also implies gradually higher levels of service. In line with this:] States must ensure financing to the maximum of available resources for the implementation of the rights to water and to sanitation. Adequate financing must ensure that water and sanitation systems are sustainable, while services are affordable to everyone;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 81f
- Paragraph text
- [Human rights law provides a framework for ambitious, but realistic planning. While the ultimate goal must be universal coverage, the notion of progressive realization tailors this goal to the country situation and allows for the time frame that proves to be realistic in a given context. States must go to the maximum of available resources in the realization of the rights to water and to sanitation, turning to international assistance where needed. Progressive realization also implies gradually higher levels of service. In line with this:] States should determine the budgetary implications of the envisaged activities and allocate sufficient financial and human resources to implement those activities, including resources for regulatory activities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 80f
- Paragraph text
- [The full realization of human rights can require complex trade-offs that are even more difficult in situations of economic crisis. Having a plan or a vision guided by a human rights framework helps authorities to prioritize the realization of human rights above other considerations. Yet, a human rights framework provides no single answer on how to set priorities in a case where not all can be reached at the same time - for instance the distribution of resources between neglected remote rural areas and deprived urban slum areas. What human rights standards and principles call for is that such allocation decisions are not based solely on a cost-utility analysis, but are the result of a democratic, participatory and non-discriminatory process. In this regard:] Donor policies should support these national priorities, moving from basic access to higher levels of service and reducing disparities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 83b
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework puts a strong emphasis on accountability. Legal frameworks provide the basis for accountability by allowing people to base their claims on legally binding entitlements. These should be complemented by targets backed by relevant and reliable data and reflecting State commitment for which Governments can be held accountable. In this regard:] Laws and regulations should provide clear definitions of standards for service delivery, covering the normative dimensions of availability, quality, acceptability, accessibility and affordability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87h
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States and non-State actors should carry out and publish impact assessments in line with human rights standards and principles. They should avoid referring to the confidentiality of information as an argument to keep impact assessments inaccessible. States must put in place effective, timely and accessible accountability mechanisms and ensure access to justice. States and other actors should improve data on wastewater and pollution, inter alia, also covering contamination through sludge and septage;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91d (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must ensure participation at all levels of decision-making, including strategic decisions on the overall direction of legislation and policies, priorities in the use of resources and questions of distribution and redistribution. This includes: Service provision, including decisions on the type, location and improvement of services, whether and how to involve the private sector, and decisions on disconnections and on services in emergency situations. The Special Rapporteur particularly encourages a broader discussion among all relevant actors on participation in the context of emergencies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 92b
- Paragraph text
- [Further, States and other stakeholders should take the following measures:] United Nations treaty bodies, the special procedures of the Human Rights Council, other international mechanisms and regional mechanisms should pay increasing attention to the right to participation. The Special Rapporteur sees a need for standard-setting on the right to participation, e.g., through the elaboration of general comments on the right to participation in the context of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. She also encourages the Human Rights Council to address participation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83i
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ensure that national human rights institutions and other relevant bodies have an explicit mandate to: (i) identify and address violations of the rights to water and sanitation, adopting a comprehensive approach; (ii) receive complaints of violations of rights to water and sanitation; and (iii) require remedial and transformative action on violations of the rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Likewise, structural gender inequalities have an inevitable impact on the enjoyment of the rights to water and sanitation. Any approach to overcoming gender inequalities in respect of the rights to water and sanitation must therefore address women's strategic needs, including the eradication of harmful gender stereotypes, alongside interventions that focus on the implementation of women's material needs, such as adequate menstrual hygiene facilities. Although such a transformative approach that challenges social norms, stereotypes and intra-household patterns may take time, it is required in order to ultimately achieve gender equality in the enjoyment of the rights to water and sanitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75g
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Invest resources in building the capacity of local authorities in cases of decentralization;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75h
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Invest resources in ensuring that regulation can be carried out effectively and with the necessary expertise;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 75b
- Paragraph text
- [Regarding the High-level Panel on Water, the Special Rapporteur recommends that:] Participatory mechanisms be implemented that fully include relevant stakeholders in the decision-making process under the Panel's mandate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86d
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Target resources so as to prioritize essential levels of access for everyone;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90c
- Paragraph text
- [Relating to funders’ operational tools, the Special Rapporteur recommends that funders:] Monitor whether those tools are implemented in project design and implementation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76a (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] General recommendations on equality, non-discrimination and equity: The stand-alone goal on equality must reach beyond income inequalities to address the root causes of exclusion and deprivation and reflect the cross-cutting nature of equality. It should consist of an overall goal on achieving equality accompanied by targets for different sectors for reducing inequalities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82b
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] In order to better understand this phenomenon, States must undertake a comprehensive study on stigma, through a widely participatory process, to identify stigmatized populations, as well as to analyse the drivers of stigma in relation to the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation. This process should be based on the experience of people who face stigmatization, giving them space for articulation and empowering them to claim their human rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Participation is a human right and States have corresponding obligations to ensure participation. Participation is essential for democracy and people's autonomy, agency and dignity. Yet, the human right to participation has not yet received the necessary attention and implementation has lagged. While there are excellent practices that ensure participation, these appear to be isolated rather than institutionalized. Participation is not a one-off exercise, but a continuous process that must be embedded in the political culture.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 92d
- Paragraph text
- [Further, States and other stakeholders should take the following measures:] International organizations and multilateral and bilateral donors should support participatory processes at the national level. They should not impose conditionalities that circumvent participatory processes at the national level. Where appropriate, they should consider adjustments to programming and project structures, recognizing that participatory processes and achieving long-term sustainable results require time.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83l
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ensure that civil society organizations working to address violations of the rights to water and sanitation are properly resourced, have access to relevant information and can participate in decision-making processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99j
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Use and adapt, as necessary, existing platforms or partnerships so as to ensure the accountability, future review and follow-up of the water-, sanitation- and hygiene-related sustainable development goal targets. Such a platform should establish a country-led review process that includes international and civil society organizations, and assesses progress and bottlenecks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77h
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that regulations require that the specific needs of women and girls are incorporated into the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of water and sanitation facilities, taking into consideration the special needs of women and girls made more vulnerable by disability and age. Regulators should monitor whether such regulations are well interpreted, implemented and effective;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ensure that individuals and groups do not face barriers in access to justice, whether economic, physical, linguistic, cultural or other, and take measures to overcome such barriers, including by means of legal aid;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 91e
- Paragraph text
- [In the project selection, design and implementation stages, the Special Rapporteur reiterates the importance of measures and safeguards with the specific aim of ensuring human rights compliance (ibid., para. 74 (b)) and recommends that funders:] Ensure that projects provide a sustainable financing strategy for long-term service provision, including affordable access to services and inclusion of all persons in service provision;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur encourages donor States, non-governmental organizations and international organizations to ensure that their policies, programmes and projects support efforts towards more coordinated and transparent funding of the water and sanitation sectors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76c (v)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding data sources and methodology: Monitoring bodies at the regional and global levels should engage in pilot testing of possible uses of emerging data sources based on the use of new technologies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87d
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States must urgently address the aggravated challenges of contamination and lack of access to services in informal settlements. The lack of formal land tenure must not exclude people from enjoying their human rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76c (i)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding data sources and methodology: The Special Rapporteur calls for pushing the boundaries of what is currently perceived as measurable in order to better identify and monitor inequalities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91a (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take measures to institutionalize participation, including by: Spelling out the instruments, processes, responsible institutions and other details of participatory processes in legislation and policies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91d (iv)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must ensure participation at all levels of decision-making, including strategic decisions on the overall direction of legislation and policies, priorities in the use of resources and questions of distribution and redistribution. This includes: Projects that may threaten the realization of human rights and impact assessments carried out in that context;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91d (v)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must ensure participation at all levels of decision-making, including strategic decisions on the overall direction of legislation and policies, priorities in the use of resources and questions of distribution and redistribution. This includes: Monitoring, evaluation and accountability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 92a
- Paragraph text
- [Further, States and other stakeholders should take the following measures:] States should ratify international and regional instruments that guarantee the human right to participation, as well as the respective complaint mechanisms. In processes before international mechanisms, States should encourage civil society participation to make these processes meaningful;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 92c
- Paragraph text
- [Further, States and other stakeholders should take the following measures:] Civil society organizations, national human rights institutions, community-based organizations and others should contribute to promoting active, free and meaningful participation of all people concerned and support people to participate in decision-making processes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74c
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Ensure that effective mechanisms are in place to allow individuals and groups whose human rights are negatively affected by development cooperation activities to lodge complaints and to hold development agencies accountable;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74g
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Prioritize funding that actually benefits the poorest and most disadvantaged and seek to end disparities in access to services;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 75a
- Paragraph text
- [Regarding the High-level Panel on Water, the Special Rapporteur recommends that:] The mandate of the Panel be adjusted to ensure that its recommendations related to the achievement of Goal 6 possess a clear basis in the principles and normative content of the human rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77g
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Apply a gender analysis and increase women's participation in the formulation of government budgets to water, sanitation and hygiene;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77k
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Develop a gender indicator system to improve the collection of data disaggregated by sex and other relevant factors, which are necessary to assess the impact and effectiveness of policies aimed at mainstreaming gender equality and enhancing women's enjoyment of their human rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77l
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Monitor intra-household inequalities and the way in which inequalities based on gender become manifest in extra-household settings, including in facilities in public institutions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77m
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that comprehensive data is collected on access to water, sanitation and hygiene management in respect of women and girls belonging to marginalized groups and living in marginalized areas, and support civil society in collecting data and in analysing, interpreting and monitoring results;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77n
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Complement quantitative data on water, sanitation and hygiene with qualitative methods, to improve understanding and interpretation of gender-related issues and to inform and validate survey methods and techniques.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that development cooperation entities ensure that external assistance from non-governmental organizations, development agencies and the private sector comply with human rights standards and include measures to eliminate gender inequalities in access.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89b
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Clearly define necessary procedures and measures in the regulatory framework to meet the State’s obligations to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89d
- Paragraph text
- [Relating to funders’ policy, the Special Rapporteur recommends:] That funder States adopt national legislation recognizing the human rights to water and sanitation so as to ensure additional guarantees that those rights are applied in development cooperation policies and activities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90a
- Paragraph text
- [Relating to funders’ operational tools, the Special Rapporteur recommends that funders:] Translate the human rights commitment in their policies into operational tools and training tailored to the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation in particular contexts;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89a
- Paragraph text
- [Relating to funders’ policy, the Special Rapporteur recommends:] That policies that specifically incorporate the standards and principles of the human rights to water and sanitation in their entirety be established so that those rights are reflected when setting priorities and strategies for development cooperation activities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89b
- Paragraph text
- [Relating to funders’ policy, the Special Rapporteur recommends:] That a focused strategy on water and sanitation be established in accordance with the human rights framework, with emphasis on its prioritization so that it is not subsumed into broader strategies or other thematic policies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90g
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Support and influence policy formulation and legislative changes in line with the human rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75c
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Increase the percentage of international aid allocated to water and sanitation and incorporate a human rights approach;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63h
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] States should carry out human rights impact assessments before and throughout the process, building these into the process of deciding on the means of service provision as well as a monitoring provision to determine the actual and potential impact on the realization of human rights, including the rights to water and sanitation. They are encouraged to adopt legislation that imposes obligations on service providers to also carry out human rights impact assessments. Service providers should undertake such assessments as part of exercising due diligence to become aware of the actual and potential impact of their activities on the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75k
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure transparency of budgets and other funding for the sectors, including disaggregated information on which segments of the population have which level of access.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82c (vi)
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] Such study and its findings should, in particular: Be systematically included in periodic reports to treaty body monitoring mechanisms and to the universal periodic review. Regional human rights mechanisms should also receive information on a regular basis on stigma preventing the full enjoyment of the rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76c (vi)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding data sources and methodology: The monitoring of gender, age, and disability-related inequalities in public facilities such as schools and health facilities should be enhanced;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76c (vii)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding data sources and methodology: Targets and indicators should be crafted to ensure that women and adolescent girls can manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity, including by specific questions in relevant household surveys about adequate menstrual hygiene management.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91b (v)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take concrete and deliberate measures to ensure that participatory processes are inclusive and do not inadvertently further entrench inequalities, including by: Creating safe spaces for deliberation, where appropriate;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91c (i)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] To ensure active, free and meaningful participation, States must ensure that the following elements are in place: Involving people in setting out the terms of the engagement;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86f
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Devote more financial and institutional resources, and improve planning, to ensure constant investment in operation and maintenance costs in order to avoid slippages. Other actors should proceed likewise;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86g
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Carefully assess and justify any retrogression that might occur in the context of adopting austerity measures. This should be done in a manner that ensures that those already disadvantaged do not suffer the greatest impact and according to the criteria developed by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91b (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take concrete and deliberate measures to ensure that participatory processes are inclusive and do not inadvertently further entrench inequalities, including by: Eliminating institutional, physical, economic, attitudinal, social or other barriers that specific groups may face;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91c (vi)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] To ensure active, free and meaningful participation, States must ensure that the following elements are in place: Providing reasonable opportunities to influence decision-making and feedback on what proposals have been taken into account and what proposals have been rejected, and why;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91d (i)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must ensure participation at all levels of decision-making, including strategic decisions on the overall direction of legislation and policies, priorities in the use of resources and questions of distribution and redistribution. This includes: Planning and formulation of policy and legal frameworks;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91d (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must ensure participation at all levels of decision-making, including strategic decisions on the overall direction of legislation and policies, priorities in the use of resources and questions of distribution and redistribution. This includes: Financing and budgeting;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82i
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations of the obligation to achieve substantive equality may result from the failure to take positive measures necessary to address pre-existing inequality or to provide reasonable accommodation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 84b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that the United Nations treaty-monitoring bodies and regional human rights mechanisms:] Ensure that complaints procedures are applied so as to ensure access to justice, including both restorative and transformative remedies, for the comprehensive range of violations of the rights to water and sanitation,
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recommends that non-State actors comply with their responsibility to respect human rights, that they be held accountable for human rights abuses, allow for an independent investigation into allegations, establish complaint mechanisms and proactively engage with the State to detect, and find solutions to address existing and potential human rights abuses .
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur encourages civil society organizations to support (strategic) litigation, in particular related to systemic and structural violations of the rights to water and sanitation linked to the obligations to progressively realize human rights, to use maximum available resources, to avoid unjustifiable retrogression, and to achieve substantive equality, including through preventing and combating stigmatization.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Use the human rights framework for water, sanitation and hygiene to identify appropriate types of services and to ensure that services are available, safe, acceptable, accessible and affordable to all;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Take into account the different concerns as to meeting human rights standards related to each type of service in planning and implementation processes. It is important for States to consider that some combinations of types of services and management models may be not compliant and might even provide outcomes far from human rights standards;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74b
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Develop measures and safeguards with the specific aim of ensuring human rights compliance throughout the project selection process;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77c
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Make a legitimate effort to prevent and combat the root causes of gender inequalities, including the impacts of social norms, stereotypes, roles and taboos with regard to both women and men, through public campaigns, education and the media, among other measures;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77d
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Create an enabling environment for women and girls to safely use water and sanitation facilities. Discrimination and violence based on gender identity must be prevented, investigated and remedied, and those responsible must be prosecuted;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74f
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Design cooperation projects aimed at strengthening the legal, regulatory and policy frameworks of partner States, with a view to enhancing the sustainability of interventions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77e
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Promote gender equality, through intersectional policies, considering that gender-based inequalities related to water and sanitation are exacerbated when they are coupled with other grounds of discrimination and disadvantages;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89d
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that regulatory frameworks provide a multifaceted and differentiated interpretation of affordability, capturing the specific needs of those living in vulnerable situations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89f
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure through adequate regulation that, when extending formal services to informal settlements, these services are affordable and do not interfere with people’s access;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89i
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Include, in regulatory frameworks, specific requirements ensuring adequate provision of services to, inter alia, homeless people, poor nomadic communities, and victims of situations of armed conflict, emergencies, natural disasters or climate change effects;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89c
- Paragraph text
- [Relating to funders’ policy, the Special Rapporteur recommends:] That the human rights to water and sanitation be emphasized in funders’ policy on specific groups, such as women, persons with disabilities and indigenous peoples, complementing overarching development cooperation policies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 80e
- Paragraph text
- [The full realization of human rights can require complex trade-offs that are even more difficult in situations of economic crisis. Having a plan or a vision guided by a human rights framework helps authorities to prioritize the realization of human rights above other considerations. Yet, a human rights framework provides no single answer on how to set priorities in a case where not all can be reached at the same time - for instance the distribution of resources between neglected remote rural areas and deprived urban slum areas. What human rights standards and principles call for is that such allocation decisions are not based solely on a cost-utility analysis, but are the result of a democratic, participatory and non-discriminatory process. In this regard:] States must devise specific strategies to address discrimination and reach the most disadvantaged. They must identify vulnerable and marginalized populations, patterns of discrimination, and their underlying structural causes by, inter alia, collecting disaggregated data. They must set specific targets to reduce inequalities in access, develop tailored interventions for specific circumstances and specifically monitor progress for these groups;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 93b
- Paragraph text
- [Finally, the Special Rapporteur recommends:] That the Human Rights Council consider in the universal periodic review the issue of development cooperation in the context of water and sanitation services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63c
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] Sanitation and water must be prioritized by according greater political priority to these sectors, which should be reflected in allocations in State budgets and donor commitments;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63d
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] States must eliminate discrimination, inequalities and systematic exclusion. They must detect their underlying structural causes, inter alia by developing disaggregated data for access to water and sanitation, to target the most marginalized and vulnerable;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63l
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] States and other relevant actors must address water and sanitation in a comprehensive manner, including the underlying causes of lack of access. For that purpose intersectoral approaches are crucial, including the integration of sanitation and water into social protection initiatives;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75b
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that household contributions, whether tariffs or other forms of contributions, remain affordable, including by establishing supplementary systems to support low-income households to gain and maintain access to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75d
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that funding to the sectors is reported by all actors, including donors, private providers and non-governmental organizations, in order to obtain a complete picture of the resources allocated to the sectors and how it is being targeted;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76c (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding data sources and methodology: Monitoring initiatives at the global or regional levels should use the equity and equality-related variables included in the current data sets more widely as well as explore ways to supplement household survey data with additional sources;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76c (iv)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding data sources and methodology: Disaggregation between rural and urban should be maintained, as called for in the current monitoring framework, while improving the methodology to capture the special situations of people living in slums;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87c
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States must prioritize addressing the most urgent and serious forms of contamination that vary among and within countries. They must reverse patterns of exclusion and address the situation of the most disadvantaged, who often experience the worst impact of water contamination;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82a
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States must tackle the practice of stigmatization in their strategies for fully realizing the rights to water and sanitation, in the elaboration and implementation of national plans of action for water and sanitation and in financing water and sanitation sectors;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76b (iii) f.
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding goals, targets and indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene: Future goals, targets and indicators on water, sanitation and hygiene must: Address the need for adequate menstrual hygiene management for women and girls;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86b
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Strengthen national capacity for coordination and integrated planning, and ensure that both domestic and external resources are better consolidated to enable the State to target resources better and ensure the maximum use of available resources;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86c
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Use maximum available resources and raise tax revenue in a targeted way so as to ensure redistributive impact;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86e
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Carefully balance obligations to ensure non-discrimination and sustainability (for everyone and forever) as well as economic and social sustainability in access to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91a (v)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take measures to institutionalize participation, including by: Balancing technical expertise with knowledge gained through experience, encouraging technical experts to act as facilitators and to enable people to make informed choices;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91b (i)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take concrete and deliberate measures to ensure that participatory processes are inclusive and do not inadvertently further entrench inequalities, including by: Identifying groups that are typically marginalized;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91b (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take concrete and deliberate measures to ensure that participatory processes are inclusive and do not inadvertently further entrench inequalities, including by: Using a wide variety of methods and channels to reach different groups;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86h
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Adopt social protection floors nationally and agree on including social protection floors as a post-2015 development goal;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ensure that a comprehensive human rights framework is embedded in legislation, policy and practice with the aim of both preventing and remedying violations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86l
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Put in place accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels to deal with unsustainable and retrogressive practices in the areas of water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86m
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Include a water and sanitation goal in the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015 targeted at eliminating inequalities in access and ensuring sustainability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Set priorities in a way to meet the most essential needs to ensure survival, health and dignity, considering the short-, medium- and long-term planning;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Consider affordability standards together with other standards, particularly for availability and quality, to ensure that people can afford to pay for the services based on human rights standards;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Use public financing to support access for people living in poverty and those who are marginalized or discriminated against and eliminate inequalities in access to water and sanitation services;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74d
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Make country ownership of development cooperation a priority and promote active, free and meaningful participation by relevant stakeholders in decision-making through the use of appropriate instruments;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74e
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Refrain from imposing conditionalities in the provision of loans and grants that risk undermining the enjoyment of the human rights to water and sanitation and compromising the partner country's ownership of the related programme or project;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87j
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Consider the impact of mechanisms adopted to ensure affordability, whether universal systems are actually universal in scope and reach beyond networked supply, and whether targeted systems (whether based on income, geographic location, type of access or other factor) in fact reach the intended beneficiaries;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87n
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Monitor affordability of water and sanitation service provision through focused studies that examine income levels in different settlements, considering all costs relating to access to water and sanitation, including hygiene and menstrual hygiene requirements;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89c
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that the mission, mandate and objectives of regulatory actors incorporate the principle of progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation without discrimination of any kind;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 93a
- Paragraph text
- [Finally, the Special Rapporteur recommends:] That the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights request funder and partner States to report on the issue of development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation and to provide a venue for civil society to submit “alternative reports”;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Ensure participation in the process of decision-making on determining mechanisms for allocating public financing and setting tariffs;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90c
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Set and monitor indicators that cover all the elements of the rights and disaggregate them by prohibited grounds of discrimination;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90d
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Ensure non-discriminatory service coverage by service providers, including to poorer neighbourhoods, informal settlements and rural areas;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63e
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] Development cooperation and assistance must be designed and implemented in line with human rights standards and principles, including the rights to water and sanitation and human rights obligations regarding non discrimination, ensuring that there are adequate and effective measures in place to identify and address any negative impacts on human rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63j
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] Near-universal access to water and sanitation cannot be cause for complacency and States must not overlook persistent pockets of poverty, but instead continue to focus on addressing systematic discrimination and exclusion;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75e
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Prioritize spending on systems which are more likely to reach the most marginalized and disadvantaged, including ensuring that a piped water supply is also available to informal settlements, and consult with communities on the range of technologies available to ensure sustainable access;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75f
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Integrate cost considerations of operation and maintenance into investments with a view to ensuring sustainability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75i
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Invest resources in awareness-raising about the importance of water, sanitation and hygiene as a means of creating greater demand for these services;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 75j
- Paragraph text
- [Based on the findings of the present report, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure coordination, both horizontally and vertically, as well with other stakeholders such as donors, private service providers and non governmental organizations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Water contamination has a significant impact on the realization of human rights, including the human right to water, but also the rights to health, food and a healthy environment, among many others. Human rights principles and standards are relevant beyond the context of water and sanitation service delivery and need to be integrated into discussions on water and wastewater management at all levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The technical solutions for improving wastewater management, curbing pollution and improving water quality exist - the greater challenge is a lack of political will to make wastewater management and pollution control a priority. However, while the challenges are manifold, the benefits of improving wastewater management are even bigger.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87a
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States must develop a holistic approach to curbing pollution and improving water quality that addresses the different sources of contamination, including sewage, sludge and septage, that covers all sectors, including households, agriculture and industry, and that combines the dimensions of prevention, management and reuse;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 87b
- Paragraph text
- [In line with this, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] States must prioritize access to sanitation for everyone, but efforts need to go beyond achieving access aimed at improving wastewater management. States must meet their obligation to protect individuals from abuses to their human rights through contamination by others;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91a (i)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take measures to institutionalize participation, including by: Considering recognizing the right to participation in national constitutions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91a (iv)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take measures to institutionalize participation, including by: Equipping institutions to facilitate participatory processes and training officials in the interpersonal skills needed for participatory engagement;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91c (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] To ensure active, free and meaningful participation, States must ensure that the following elements are in place: Enabling people to access participatory processes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is encouraged to see advances in identifying, preventing and remedying violations of the human rights to water and sanitation. Nevertheless, the extent of continuing violations constitutes a major human rights crisis. It is imperative for States to implement review and adjudication procedures to identify violations, with the full participation of stakeholders, and to prioritize action to address violations. The Special Rapporteur has found that, while more attention needs to be paid to violations of the rights to water and sanitation in general, progress has not been equal across the full range of obligations or for all groups of rights holders. Access to justice for violations at a more structural or systemic level, particularly in relation to the obligation to progressively realize the rights to water and sanitation, to avoid retrogressive measures and to achieve substantive equality, has lagged behind in comparison with access to justice for violations linked to the obligations to respect and to protect. Violations related to inequalities experienced by certain groups, such as people living in poverty, informal settlements, or rural and remote communities, or homeless people, have remained largely unchallenged in courts, despite their severity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86j
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Improve the continuous and independent monitoring of water and sanitation, including of the sustainability of interventions, at the national and global levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ensure that international law and jurisprudence on the rights to water and sanitation are used in interpreting and applying domestic legislation, regulations and policies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82g
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may result from direct action by the State or from the failure to regulate non-State actors;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ensure that the rights to water and sanitation are taken account of in administrative decisions interpreting legislation and exercising any discretion conferred by relevant legislation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 84a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that the United Nations treaty-monitoring bodies and regional human rights mechanisms:] Request that States provide information in their periodic reports on how they address the comprehensive range of violations of the rights to water and sanitation are addressed;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82j
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may result from the failure to meet substantive or procedural obligations such as ensuring participation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82k
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may occur as a result of State conduct that has effects within a State's territory, or extraterritorially;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Consider establishing national legislation requiring that service providers and subnational governments include affordability concerns in policies and in service provision;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77b
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Go beyond enacting formal provisions and implement targeted policies and budgets, among other measures, in order to tackle structural gender inequalities for the enjoyment of the rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87o
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Where prepaid water meters are considered, ensure that households that face an inability to pay are not disconnected from water supply and that quantity, continuity and quality of water meet human rights standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90a
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Comply with the State’s international human rights obligations with regard to the rights to water and sanitation and take targeted steps towards the full realization of these rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that a more nuanced approach is needed regarding the concept of independence of regulatory bodies. In particular, the involvement of governmental sectors in specific situations of regulatory decision-making should be safeguarded when it is relevant to ensure that human rights standards are met.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90i
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Safeguard the right of individuals to submit complaints when the enjoyment of their rights to water and sanitation has been compromised by service providers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89j
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Include, in regulatory frameworks, specific requirements ensuring adequate provision of services to, inter alia, schools, health facilities, prisons, transport hubs and public spaces in general;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89l
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Inform and train regulatory actors on the practical implications of the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation in their area of work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90b
- Paragraph text
- [Relating to funders’ operational tools, the Special Rapporteur recommends that funders:] Make the use of such operational tools a requirement in all funding operations to guarantee the complete application of the human rights framework at the project implementation stage;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 91c
- Paragraph text
- [In the project selection, design and implementation stages, the Special Rapporteur reiterates the importance of measures and safeguards with the specific aim of ensuring human rights compliance (ibid., para. 74 (b)) and recommends that funders:] Identify and avoid any negative impact on human rights prior to and during project implementation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 92b
- Paragraph text
- [In the assessment and monitoring stage, the Special Rapporteur recommends that funders:] Improve existing project assessment protocols by adjusting their scope, methods for data collection and indicators, including human rights principles;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur encourages States and international organizations to further explore options for global monitoring that allow for more comprehensive monitoring of affordable access to services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Ensure transparency about existing and planned financing mechanisms and subsidies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the Special Rapporteur encourages the treaty bodies and other human rights monitoring mechanisms to pay increasing attention to the affordability of water and sanitation service provision in the particular contexts people live in.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The Millennium Development Goals have served a valuable function in galvanizing international support around a certain number of monitorable poverty reduction targets, including with respect to water and sanitation. The water and sanitation targets are vital human development ends, and they are also indispensable for the achievement of the other Millennium Development Goals.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63m
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] States must put into place accessible, affordable, timely and effective accountability mechanisms. Judicial and other accountability mechanisms must be made available to all to strengthen accountability for the realization of the Millennium Development Goals. Human rights impact assessments must be carried out more systematically;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76a (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] General recommendations on equality, non-discrimination and equity: Goals, targets and indicators must be framed in a way to reduce inequalities and target the most disadvantaged. They must not focus solely on aggregate progress and outcomes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76b (iii) a.
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding goals, targets and indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene: Future goals, targets and indicators on water, sanitation and hygiene must: Focus on progressive realization towards good quality, and sustainable water and sanitation for all, without discrimination;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76b (iii) b.
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding goals, targets and indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene: Future goals, targets and indicators on water, sanitation and hygiene must: Address geographic inequalities, such as those experienced by communities in remote rural areas and slums;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91c (iv)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] To ensure active, free and meaningful participation, States must ensure that the following elements are in place: Guaranteeing free and safe participation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91c (v)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] To ensure active, free and meaningful participation, States must ensure that the following elements are in place: Ensuring access to information;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86i
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure meaningful participation in order to make sure that water, sanitation and hygiene solutions are socially and culturally acceptable, as well as sustainably used and practiced;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82f
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may be of an individual or of a structural and systemic nature;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82h
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations of the right to non-discrimination may result from de jure or de facto discrimination;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Prioritize groups and individuals who have been disadvantaged in the past in order to achieve substantive equality and to redress past disadvantage;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Balance short-, medium- and long-term needs and address these through comprehensive planning. This implies not deferring immediate needs with promises of a long-term strategy that will eventually reach the entire population. Immediate needs must be addressed as a matter of priority, while minimizing the cost of any potential double investment in infrastructure;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99i
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Develop monitoring systems to measure the progress States make, acknowledging that States have different starting points and baselines for achieving universal access to water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as to monitor the progressive reduction of inequalities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Set affordability standards at the national and/or local level, based on a participatory process, involving in particular people living in poverty and other marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and groups, that consider all costs associated with water, sanitation and hygiene;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Take into account the social, economic, political, cultural and environmental context in assessing the compliance of types of services with human rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74a
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Openly discuss and identify obstacles to incorporating the human rights framework in all development policies, programmes and projects and identify best practices in overcoming such obstacles;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90b
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Carry out independent monitoring of service providers’ compliance with the normative content of the human rights to water and sanitation and ensure that in cases of retrogression providers address the root causes of these violations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90e
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Provide access to objective, comprehensible, clear and consistent information and facilitate free, active and meaningful participation in regulatory decision-making processes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90f
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Ensure that tariff-setting reconciles financial sustainability with affordability, while prioritizing and protecting the needs of those living in poverty;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 90h
- Paragraph text
- [In addition, the Special Rapporteur recommends that regulatory actors:] Provide clear and relevant information on their policies, procedures and activities and indicate how they contribute to the progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 92a
- Paragraph text
- [In the assessment and monitoring stage, the Special Rapporteur recommends that funders:] Develop and systematically produce thorough assessment and monitoring based on the human rights framework, including assessment undertaken during and after the project implementation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 92c
- Paragraph text
- [In the assessment and monitoring stage, the Special Rapporteur recommends that funders:] Monitor, on a long-term basis, project outputs and outcomes through indicators and qualitative analyses based on the human rights framework;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 92d
- Paragraph text
- [In the assessment and monitoring stage, the Special Rapporteur recommends that funders:] Prepare studies that assess all stages of the funder’s activities in the human rights development cycle, envisaging the application of the related findings to improve the funder’s contributions to the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- With these factors in mind, there is potential for the Millennium Development Goals and human rights to be seen as consistent and mutually reinforcing. Subject to necessary contextualization, the Goal targets can furnish appropriate benchmarks for monitoring an important subset of economic, social and cultural rights at the national level. Yet, the potential for constructive synergy has not materialized to any great extent in practice. Neither water nor sanitation, in particular, has yet been accorded the priority that is objectively warranted, if progress towards these and other closely related Millennium Development Goals is to be escalated and sustained. The present report has highlighted several areas where the human rights to water and sanitation can be integrated within national Millennium Development Goal monitoring and planning processes, as well as global goal-setting and target-setting processes, in order to redress some of the shortcomings and promote both legal and policy coherence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63e
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] The process of decision-making and implementation, any instruments that delegate service provision including contracts, and instruments that outline roles and responsibilities must be transparent, which requires the disclosure of adequate and sufficient information and actual access to information;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63f
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] All instruments for delegation, including contracts, must be in line with human rights standards, contribute to the realization of the rights to water and sanitation and guide the activities of non-State service providers;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63g
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] Non-State service providers should exercise due diligence to ensure they comply with human rights standards throughout the process, from the bidding over entering into agreements with the State to the operation of services. They are encouraged to proactively engage with the State to detect potential human rights abuses and find solutions to address these;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63i
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] States must adopt strong regulatory frameworks for all service providers in line with human rights standards;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63j
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] States should ensure regulatory capacity and that regulatory functions are carried out independently. States must enable institutions to monitor and enforce regulations. International development cooperation and assistance should aim to enhance the regulatory capacity of States as needed;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63k
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] Regulatory authorities, where they exist, should exercise their functions in line with human rights standards. They should develop instruments to ensure that services are available, safe, acceptable, accessible and affordable;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- [The full realization of human rights can require complex trade-offs that are even more difficult in situations of economic crisis. Having a plan or a vision guided by a human rights framework helps authorities to prioritize the realization of human rights above other considerations. Yet, a human rights framework provides no single answer on how to set priorities in a case where not all can be reached at the same time - for instance the distribution of resources between neglected remote rural areas and deprived urban slum areas. What human rights standards and principles call for is that such allocation decisions are not based solely on a cost-utility analysis, but are the result of a democratic, participatory and non-discriminatory process. In this regard:]
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 80a
- Paragraph text
- [The full realization of human rights can require complex trade-offs that are even more difficult in situations of economic crisis. Having a plan or a vision guided by a human rights framework helps authorities to prioritize the realization of human rights above other considerations. Yet, a human rights framework provides no single answer on how to set priorities in a case where not all can be reached at the same time - for instance the distribution of resources between neglected remote rural areas and deprived urban slum areas. What human rights standards and principles call for is that such allocation decisions are not based solely on a cost-utility analysis, but are the result of a democratic, participatory and non-discriminatory process. In this regard:] States must mainstream the human rights to water and to sanitation into existing strategies in other fields in order to ensure coherent planning;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 80b
- Paragraph text
- [The full realization of human rights can require complex trade-offs that are even more difficult in situations of economic crisis. Having a plan or a vision guided by a human rights framework helps authorities to prioritize the realization of human rights above other considerations. Yet, a human rights framework provides no single answer on how to set priorities in a case where not all can be reached at the same time - for instance the distribution of resources between neglected remote rural areas and deprived urban slum areas. What human rights standards and principles call for is that such allocation decisions are not based solely on a cost-utility analysis, but are the result of a democratic, participatory and non-discriminatory process. In this regard:] States must also develop specific strategies and plans for the water and sanitation sectors to ensure that these issues are accorded sufficient priority and that their specificities are taken into account;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 80c
- Paragraph text
- [The full realization of human rights can require complex trade-offs that are even more difficult in situations of economic crisis. Having a plan or a vision guided by a human rights framework helps authorities to prioritize the realization of human rights above other considerations. Yet, a human rights framework provides no single answer on how to set priorities in a case where not all can be reached at the same time - for instance the distribution of resources between neglected remote rural areas and deprived urban slum areas. What human rights standards and principles call for is that such allocation decisions are not based solely on a cost-utility analysis, but are the result of a democratic, participatory and non-discriminatory process. In this regard:] Where strategies and/or plans for the water and sanitation sectors are already in place, States should re-examine these, and revise and align them with human rights standards and principles as necessary;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- The present report concludes that there is much to be gained by redefining progress for a post-2015 development framework, and explicitly including equality, non-discrimination and equity at its foundations. The human right to water and sanitation offers exemplary illustrations of the significance of these principles. The report underlines the need for enhanced data collection and monitoring to determine who is excluded, and calls for incentives to reduce inequalities and focus on the most disadvantaged. Current limitations in measurements or data collection should not deter the international community from committing to a robust set of goals, targets and indicators to reduce the gaps in access to water and sanitation for all. On the contrary, one of the Millennium Development Goals most significant blind spots has been precisely their indifference to inequalities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76a (i)
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] General recommendations on equality, non-discrimination and equity: The human rights principles of equality and non-discrimination, paired with equity, must be central to the post-2015 global development agenda. This should be ensured through two mutually reinforcing approaches: by creating a stand-alone equality goal; and by ensuring that other goals, targets, and indicators are explicitly designed to reveal who is left behind and to provide incentives for progress towards ensuring access for the most disadvantaged;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- The human rights framework stresses that participation is not just "useful" or a "good idea"; it gives rise to obligations that States have to comply with. The human rights principle of accountability is indispensable in ensuring that decision makers actually take the action necessary to translate voice into influence. As such, participation is an antidote to corruption, exposing maladministration and vested interests. Public officials are answerable and accountable to the public, including on how public input is taken into account in decision-making. There are consequences for failure to fulfil obligations that can ultimately be enforced in court.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, violations of the right to sanitation in general have not received the attention they deserve. Victims of violations of the right to sanitation are among the most stigmatized and marginalized in society, and there remain taboos preventing an open discussion about the indignities linked to unhygienic conditions. The Special Rapporteur encourages all actors to frame violations related to water and sanitation more explicitly as violations of the human rights to water and sanitation, in order to draw attention to the particularities of such violations and the deprivation and indignity they often cause.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- In conclusion, this report indicates the relevance of the discussion of types of services to the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation. While the relationship between any particular technological option and its performance is largely dependent on the management model that accompanies it and the context within which it is carried out, the type of service used may, in and of itself, weigh on the realization of these rights. A vital message to retain is that the selection of type of service and management model for a given location's water, sanitation and hygiene services must be assessed in the light of the human rights standards and principles, as well as the principles of core obligations, progressive realization and use of maximum available resources.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Safe, adequate and affordable access to water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as the promotion of women's empowerment, can serve as an entry point to ensure that women and girls can enjoy their right to have and make choices, their right to have access to opportunities and resources, and their right to control their own lives, both inside and outside the home. Gender equality in respect of the human rights to water and sanitation will not only empower women individually but will also help women overcome poverty and empower their children, families and communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector 2016, para. 74i
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, with respect to development cooperation in the water and sanitation sector, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States and multilateral funders:] Incorporate capacity-building as a priority aspect of development cooperation, ensuring the integration of human rights principles and related normative content and the involvement of the main stakeholders directly and indirectly relevant to the adequate provision of services. In particular, recognize the value of other forms of cooperation that have demonstrated their positive attributes, such as public-public partnerships.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur emphasizes the importance of having an open discussion on and identifying obstacles to incorporating the human rights framework in all development policies, programmes and projects and identifying good practices in overcoming such obstacles (ibid., para. 74 (a)). He reaffirms several recommendations provided in his first report, which are complemented and validated on the basis of the empirical analysis carried out in the present report, and presents the below recommendations for funders to implement throughout the human rights development cycle.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 99f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Focus on the unserved and underserved as a matter of priority. Where parts of the population do not even have access to an essential level of service, States must prioritize the realization of their human rights. When everyone has access to at least an essential level of service, States have the obligation to progressively realize the human rights to water and sanitation in order to achieve an adequate standard of living for all;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77a
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Identify, repeal and reform all laws that have both direct and indirect discriminatory consequences with regard to the equal enjoyment of the human rights to water and sanitation, as well as with regard to gender-based violence;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following conclusions and recommendations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82c (v)
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] Such study and its findings should, in particular: Provide guidance in the prioritization of measures taken in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation. As stigmatized individuals are often among the most marginalized and lack access to basic levels of services, States must target them with priority. States should earmark resources in the national and municipal budgets for this purpose;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 86a
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Undertake holistic planning aimed at achieving universal coverage forever, including in instances where the private sector, donors and non-governmental organizations are involved in service provision. It is the State's obligation to develop its vision of how to ensure services for everyone, forever. Long-term planning needs to take place in times of prosperity so as to prepare and build resilience for times of crisis;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ensure that victims of violations are entitled to adequate reparation, including restitution, compensation, satisfaction or guarantees of non-repetition, and that the legislative framework requires courts to provide both restorative and transformative remedies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Ensure that judges, prosecutors and decision-makers have adequate human rights education and training, including on economic, social and cultural rights, by making training on those rights part of law school curricula and providing ongoing training;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Regarding project assessment and monitoring for the human rights to water and sanitation, it is important to highlight the need for balance in processes and outcomes, in addition to outputs. Indeed, funders and partner States must make equal efforts to identify and address the systemic and often cross-sectional determinants of particular phenomena, such as the discrimination of certain groups in access to services, while rigorously gathering data and monitoring such complex development issues.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 82d
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations:] National human rights institutions, as well as civil society organizations, should explicitly address stigma as part of their work, empowering stigmatized individuals to claim their rights and supporting States to address stigma as part of their human rights obligations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 76b (iii) c.
- Paragraph text
- [Against this background, the Special Rapporteur recommends the following:] Recommendations regarding goals, targets and indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene: Future goals, targets and indicators on water, sanitation and hygiene must: Tackle inequities and disparities, shedding light and providing guidance for policymaking to benefit the poorest of the poor;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91b (iv)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take concrete and deliberate measures to ensure that participatory processes are inclusive and do not inadvertently further entrench inequalities, including by: Addressing gender stereotypes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91a (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] States must take measures to institutionalize participation, including by: Incorporating the costs of participatory processes in the initial design of any measures;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 91c (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [States must take the following measures:] To ensure active, free and meaningful participation, States must ensure that the following elements are in place: Creating space for participation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82l
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may result from failure to ensure access to remedies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 83a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur therefore focuses her recommendations on how to more effectively ensure that violations are identified, prevented and remedied, with an emphasis on those areas which have been most neglected. She recommends that States:] Recognize the full range of violations of the rights to water and sanitation and ensure access to justice for all such violations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82c
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may relate to failures to provide minimum essential levels or from failures to progressively realize human rights commensurate with maximum available resources;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82d
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may result from retrogressive measures or from failures to make reasonable progress;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 82e
- Paragraph text
- [To emphasize a comprehensive understanding of violations of the human rights to water and sanitation resulting from failure to meet any human rights obligation, the Special Rapporteur stresses that:] Violations may result from immediate deprivations or from failures to implement comprehensive plans and strategies to ensure full realization of rights in the long term;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87i
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Focus on ensuring affordability for the most disadvantaged, including communities in informal settlements and communities that rely on self-supply, and explore different mechanisms to achieve this;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 77f
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Increase collaboration between entities operating in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector and those operating in other sectors, including the health sector, to address gender inequalities and culturally taboo topics more effectively and in a comprehensive manner;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 89a
- Paragraph text
- [In line with the above, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Adopt water and sanitation policies and strategies incorporating the human rights to water and sanitation, and take deliberate, concrete and targeted steps to establish a regulatory framework informed by these rights and regulatory bodies operating in an impartial, transparent and rights-based manner;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development cooperation and the human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 92e
- Paragraph text
- [In the assessment and monitoring stage, the Special Rapporteur recommends that funders:] Utilize assessment and monitoring as feedback for operational tools and the project selection, design and implementation stages and to advocate that their officials give meaningful consideration to the related findings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63c
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] Regardless of its modalities, the decision of the State to delegate or not delegate service provision must be taken in a democratic and participatory process. All those concerned must be enabled to participate throughout the process and to monitor, evaluate and report on possible human rights abuses. Participation has to be active, free and meaningful and allow for a genuine opportunity to influence decision-making;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Give careful thought particularly to ensuring the affordability of sanitation provision, where costs are frequently underestimated;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87k
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Put into place strong regulatory frameworks and bodies for ensuring affordability of service provision that covers all types of services;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87l
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Address corrupt practices that add to the cost of service provision;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 87m
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur offers the following recommendations. States should take the following measures:] Prohibit disconnections that result from an inability to pay;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 63a
- Paragraph text
- [The human rights framework does not call for any particular form of service provision. It is well established that, from a human rights perspective, States can opt to involve non-State actors in sanitation and water services provision. But the State cannot exempt itself from its human rights obligations and hence remains the primary duty-bearer. Therefore, also when involving other actors in services provision, the role of the State is crucial. The obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors are complementary. The latter can and should support the State in the realization of human rights. In line with these conclusions, the independent expert offers the following recommendations:] States must develop a national plan, including legislation and other appropriate measures, to progressively achieve the full realization of the rights to water and sanitation, including in currently unserved and underserved areas, independent of the modalities of the service provision chosen. These measures should be based on the explicit recognition of the rights to water and sanitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- However, international human rights commitments constitute prerequisites for the realization of the Goals, providing a wider set of complementary standards and mechanisms for accountability. Human rights monitoring institutions and expert bodies add important additional accountability dimensions to monitoring and reporting processes. These include courts, national human rights institutions and informal justice systems, as well as international mechanisms including the treaty bodies and special procedures. As emphasized earlier, the fact that human rights entitlements apply to all people everywhere - in richer, as well as poorer countries - fills an important gap in the Millennium Development Goals framework.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph