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Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Another key aspect was secondary protection for women and girls after violence had taken place to avoid further violence and secondary victimization. In that regard, there should be accessible shelters and durable housing solutions, especially for indigenous women and women in rural areas. In addition, the reception of refugee and migrant women needed to be in facilities which were safe (where they would not be mixed with men and therefore in danger).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Closing the gap in international human rights law: lessons from three regional human rights systems on legal standards and practices regarding violence against women 2015, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Human rights instruments that have been adopted include the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa and the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights. The African human rights system is also referred to in the treaties of the subregional economic and political communities in Africa. Due to space constraints, those subregional systems will not be discussed in this report.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Closing the gap in international human rights law: lessons from three regional human rights systems on legal standards and practices regarding violence against women 2015, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The Convention requires States to adopt comprehensive and coordinated policies that place the rights of victims at the centre of all measures, and to involve all relevant actors, including government agencies, national, regional and local authorities, civil society organizations and other relevant entities. In chapter II, the Convention explicitly calls for an integrated approach and requires the establishment of a dedicated governmental coordinating body to oversee the implementation of policies and measures, including disaggregated data collection. Other sections include chapter III, on the specific legislative, policy and other measures in the field of prevention; chapter IV, on protection and support issues; chapter V, on substantive law aspects; chapter VI, on investigation, prosecution, procedural law and protective measures; chapter VII, on migration and asylum issues; and chapter VIII, on international cooperation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Closing the gap in international human rights law: lessons from three regional human rights systems on legal standards and practices regarding violence against women 2015, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Institutional mechanisms include both a commission and a court. The mandate of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights includes receiving and investigating individual petitions relating to violations of human rights; observing the general situation of human rights in Member States; conducting in loco visits to countries to conduct an in-depth analysis of the general situation and/or to investigate a specific situation; developing an awareness of human rights among the peoples of the Americas, including through the publication of reports on relevant thematic issues; organizing and holding visits, lectures, seminars and meetings with State and non-State actors; making recommendations to member States; requesting member States, in serious and urgent cases, to adopt precautionary measures, in order to prevent irreparable harm; presenting cases to the Inter-American Court; requesting advisory opinions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights; and examining inter-State communications. The use of the precautionary measures mechanism has led to the Commission requesting a State party to adopt measures to protect the life and integrity of women's rights defenders in Colombia working with issues pertaining to the armed conflict; to protect the life, integrity, and health of women living in displacement camps in Haiti; to ensure the safety of women's rights defenders in Mexico; and to protect victims of sexual abuse, among other urgent situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Prosecution of domestic and other forms of family violence remains low. El Salvador saw a decline from 4,890 (2003) to 1,240 (2007) in the number of judicial proceedings in intra-family violence cases initiated in family courts. The Special Rapporteur recurrently hears accounts of police officers encouraging informal resolutions and reconciliation between the parties rather than arresting the perpetrators. In Zambia, women preferred conciliation primarily due to family pressure and economic dependency on the abuser. Women facing multiple forms of discrimination, such as immigrant and indigenous women or women belonging to a minority, may be particularly reluctant to reach out to the authorities, who they may perceive as oppressive rather than protective. The Special Rapporteur received reports of the arrest of women of colour and of minority women following domestic violence incidents during her visit to the United States of America.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The mandate has identified rape/sexual assault, sexual harassment, violence within institutions, trafficking, forced prostitution, violence against women migrant workers, and pornography as forms of violence against women occurring in the community. Stalking, violence against lesbians, bisexuals and transgender persons, bride-kidnapping, femicide (including killings in connection to witchcraft and dowry) are other manifestations of violence against women in this sphere.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Violence perpetrated or condoned by the State may include gender-based violence during conflict, custodial violence, violence against refugees and internally displaced persons as well as against women from indigenous and minority groups.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The risks and heightened vulnerability of violence against women in the transnational arena were highlighted by the former Special Rapporteur who referred to this fourth sphere as a "continuum of life experience across conventional state boundaries". The situation of women victims of trafficking and other forms of contemporary forms of slavery, refugee women and women migrant workers, especially irregular migrant workers, as well as the exploitation of women by actors operating in the transnational sphere such as peacekeepers, are examined here.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Defilement, rape, early marriages and survival sex continue to be major problems affecting women asylum-seekers and refugees, both in camps as well as women residing in urban areas. During conflicts, women are often trafficked across borders to provide sexual services to combatants in armed conflict. Armed conflict increases the risk of women and girls being abducted and forced into sexual slavery and/or forced prostitution. Although most conflicts are now internal, women and girls may be transported across international borders to camps of armed groups located in the territory of a neighbouring State. Abuses against women and girls have also been committed by international personnel deployed in United Nations peace operations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Irregular women migrants, women asylum seekers and refugees are particularly vulnerable to violence in the transnational arena. During the country mission to Zambia, the Special Rapporteur was informed that female migrants, especially those engaging in sex work, are often subjected to sexual abuse and at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS due to their inability to negotiate safe sex. Also, their irregular status makes them reluctant to seek health care. Similarly, immigrant women in the United States of America often suffer higher rates of battering as they have less access to legal, social and support services. Testimonies from undocumented immigrant women living with a United States partner reveal hesitation to seek assistance from authorities when facing abuse due to fear of deportation. It was also indicated that abusers may not initiate the process to acquire permanent residence status for their foreign partner or wife as a way to maintain their power and control over these women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, these measures will not bring about substantive results if not implemented within a holistic approach that targets both societal transformation and the empowerment of women. This mandate has stressed that linkages should be made between violence and other systems of oppression prevalent within societies, in order to tackle the structural causes of violence against women. In order for women to be able to progressively realize the full range of their human rights (civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights), States should promote and support their empowerment through education, skills training, legal literacy and access to productive resources. This will enhance women's self-awareness, self-esteem, self-confidence and self-reliance. Existing social and economic power systems and structures, at the institutional and individual levels, reinforce gender inequalities that make women more vulnerable to violence, in particular women living in poverty, migrant women, indigenous women, and young or elderly women. The economic empowerment of women through preventative factors, such as property and land rights for women, adequate housing, economic independence, or secondary education, may serve as a deterrent to such violence. Women that are empowered understand that they are not destined to subordination and violence. They resist internalizing oppression, they develop their capabilities as autonomous beings and they increasingly question and negotiate the terms of their existence in both public and private spheres.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Existing legal standards and practices regarding violence against women in three regional human rights systems and activities being undertaken by civil society regarding the normative gap in international human rights law 2015, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Human rights instruments that have been adopted include the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa and the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights. The African human rights system is also referred to in the treaties of the subregional economic and political communities in Africa. Owing to space constraints, those subregional systems are not discussed in the present report.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Existing legal standards and practices regarding violence against women in three regional human rights systems and activities being undertaken by civil society regarding the normative gap in international human rights law 2015, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The Convention requires States to adopt comprehensive and coordinated policies that place the rights of victims at the centre of all measures and to involve all relevant actors, including government agencies, national, regional and local authorities, civil society organizations and other relevant entities. In chapter II, the Convention explicitly calls for an integrated approach and requires the establishment of a dedicated governmental coordinating body to oversee the implementation of policies and measures, including disaggregated data collection. Other sections include chapter III, on the specific legislative, policy and other measures in the field of prevention; chapter IV, on protection and support issues; chapter V, on substantive law aspects; chapter VI, on investigation, prosecution, procedural law and protective measures; chapter VII, on migration and asylum issues; and chapter VIII, on international cooperation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Existing legal standards and practices regarding violence against women in three regional human rights systems and activities being undertaken by civil society regarding the normative gap in international human rights law 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Institutional mechanisms include both a commission and a court. The mandate of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights includes receiving and investigating individual petitions relating to violations of human rights; observing the general situation of human rights in member States; conducting in loco visits to countries to conduct an in-depth analysis of the general situation and/or to investigate a specific situation; developing an awareness of human rights among the peoples of the Americas, including through the publication of reports on relevant thematic issues; organizing and holding visits, lectures, seminars and meetings with State and non-State actors; making recommendations to member States; requesting member States, in serious and urgent cases, to adopt precautionary measures, in order to prevent irreparable harm; presenting cases to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights; requesting advisory opinions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights; and examining inter-State communications. The use of the precautionary measures mechanism has led to the Commission requesting a State party to adopt measures to protect the life and integrity of women's rights defenders in Colombia working with issues pertaining to the armed conflict; to protect the life, integrity and health of women living in displacement camps in Haiti; to ensure the safety of women's rights defenders in Mexico; and to protect victims of sexual abuse, among other urgent situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- As noted by the Secretary-General, certain cultural norms and beliefs are the causal factors of harmful practices resulting in violence against women, such as crimes committed in the name of "honour". Honour killings have been characterized as being among the most severe manifestations of harmful practices. Murder to cleanse family honour is committed with high levels of impunity in many parts of the world. Although honour crimes have mainly occurred in the vast zone spreading from the Sahara to the Himalayas, it also occurs in other regions and countries with migrant communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- In his report on working towards the elimination of crimes against women committed in the name of honour, the Secretary-General presented a series of recommendations in relation to the criminalization of such acts, and noted that those deliberately participating in, facilitating, encouraging or threatening women and girls in the name of honour should be punished. He also noted that "in countries with immigrant communities, protection should be given to victims and potential victims in connection with asylum and immigration procedures".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Building on the Vienna Declaration and its framework, both the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing (1995) and the Third World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in Durban (2001) addressed the multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination that cause intra-gender and intra-racial inequalities respectively. The Fourth World Conference on Women recognized the particular vulnerability to violence of "women belonging to minority groups, indigenous women, refugee women, women migrants, including women migrant workers, women in poverty living in rural or remote communities, destitute women, women in institutions or in detention, female children, women with disabilities, elderly women, displaced women, repatriated women, women living in poverty and women in situations of armed conflict, foreign occupation, wars of aggression, civil wars, terrorism, including hostage-taking." The World Conference against Racism included gender and racial discrimination among its five areas of focus. The Durban Declaration expressed the view "that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance reveal themselves in a differentiated manner for women and girls, and can be among the factors leading to a deterioration in their living conditions, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination, and the limitation or denial of their human rights."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- A holistic approach to addressing the relationship between inequality and violence against women allows for the matching of local level responses that best address the particular needs related to violence in their specific contexts. One example would be literacy programmes for rural women. In many contexts, rural women and also recent immigrants have lower literacy rates than their urban counterparts and citizens of the country. Therefore, a way to eliminate one form of intra-gender inequality is to improve access to literacy programmes and educational opportunities. Such programmes can also lead to women accessing other programmes and resources to address violence against them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The right to adequate housing is often particularly compromised for refugee women, especially in conflict and post-conflict situations. Women are often left with no other option but to take shelter in temporary camps where rape and other forms of violence are the norm. In these cases, women experience multiple forms of violence - displacement from the home, sub-standard temporary housing, and the high risk of experiencing physical and sexual violence, without any available recourse. Thus in the case of refugee women there is a failure to meet women's basic needs on multiple fronts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Many countries hold women in pretrial detention for extremely long periods, and the number of female pretrial detainees is often equivalent to or larger than the number of convicted female prisoners. Pretrial detainees may have limited contact with other prisoners, fewer opportunities for health-care, vocational or job programmes, as well as restrictions on family contact.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Migrants who are held in custody, typically on administrative grounds, are traditionally either asylum seekers or irregular immigrants awaiting adjudication of their claims. A rising number of migrants are held in detention around the world. Some countries, including Malta and Australia, have mandatory detention policies applicable to irregular migrants and refugees. Women make up a small percentage of immigrant detainees. For example, in 2002 almost 15 per cent of the foreign nationals imprisoned in Australian immigration detention centres were women, while in South Africa the figure was 20 per cent. The United States has seen a 50 per cent increase in the number of women immigrant detainees since 2005 (A/HRC/17/26/Add.5 and Corr.1).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Administrative detention of migrants is generally inconsistent with the international prohibition against arbitrary detention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Severe psychological abuse is used in the Islamic Republic of Iran to extract details of prisoners' sexual relations and, under threat of public disclosure blackmailing them to confess to charges of espionage. Other tactics are intimidation, verbal abuse during interrogation and branding the victim as illegitimate, or being born as a result of or practising prostitution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Prison authorities and staff do not foster a supportive environment for women prisoners' timely access to medical services, failing to attend to complaints of ill health with urgency and sometimes disregarding prisoners' ailments altogether. For example in the United States, patients with chronic health concerns complain of long delays before seeing a doctor (A/HRC/17/26/Add.5 and Corr.1). Female detainees in Zambia receive little medical attention for pre- and postnatal treatment and care (A/HRC/17/26/Add.4).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Administrative detention of migrants raises multiple human rights concerns, including a lack of legal protection, an absence of limits on the length of detention and few, if any, possibilities of obtaining redress through the courts. Women migrants held in immigration detention are subject to similar conditions as incarcerated women, including sexual and physical violence, violations of privacy and inadequate health care. The lack or inadequacy of interpretation and translation services may make it difficult or even impossible for women foreign nationals to make complaints or object to abuses. Cultural differences can also exacerbate these problems, especially where women migrants are used to complying unquestioningly with the demands of men or individuals in authority. Both a 1999 and a 2011 report note that although immigration detention facilities are civil and administrative forums, many function similarly to punitive correctional facilities in terms of confinement and isolation practices (E/CN.4/1999/68/Add.2 and A/HRC/17/26/Add.5 and Corr.1).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Abortion may not be available to women in immigration detention centres, depending on the laws of the country. In Malta, for example, abortion is illegal under domestic laws, and is thus unavailable to women held in detention centres. This in turn can lead to complications during childbirth, as doctors may not be trained in or well equipped to handle births for women who have undergone female genital cutting, for example.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- There are fewer programmes for women, and those that are available are less varied and of poorer quality than those offered to male detainees. Several countries' prisons limit the educational opportunities provided to prisoners by tailoring them to gender stereotypes, and only offer vocational opportunities that conform to traditionally feminine occupations including hairstyling, sewing, vegetable-selling and catering. Male prisoners, on the other hand, are given opportunities to learn about building, welding and carpentry.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Research studies indicate that finding permanent employment after release can be a critical element in preventing recidivism among prisoners. However, women prisoners may encounter obstacles in finding steady employment because of a lack of skill-development opportunities, or the loss of previously held skills. Additionally, employers may be reluctant to hire convicted felons, or they may be legally barred from offering jobs in certain sectors to former prisoners.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Finding housing is also a significant challenge for ex-prisoners, as they may not have enough money to pay upfront housing costs such as security deposits; application forms may require a disclosure of criminal history, which may impede access to housing; and they may be unable to return to or are unwelcome in their previous home.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In some countries, women are unable to return home on release due to fear that violence may be committed against them. According to one report, female prisoners in Iraq have asked to remain in detention centres following their scheduled release due to fear of honour-related violence. It is argued that in India "the inter changeability of punitive and protective or curative institutions has led to prison cells being regarded as places of safe custody". In Australia, research has shown that women are left homeless, or forced to remain in secure custody, due to fear of payback and retaliation by the community.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph