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Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Reintegration and rehabilitation may also require adopting women-friendly forms of distribution of services and creating opportunities that were previously denied to victims, often on the grounds of sex, including through meaningful employment, education, skill training, access to land titles and initiatives such as microcredit to motivate economic entrepreneurship. Because the experience of conflict or political repression leads many women to become publicly and politically active for the first time in their lives, encouraging this agency, including by promoting women's associations or political parties, could also be a way of rehabilitating women in a way that does not return them exclusively to their homes and family lives.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Women also have the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. International law has recognized a woman and girl child's right to benefit from artistic and literary endeavours, and to pursue interests in science or other forms of creative expression. Additionally, all women have a right to fully participate in the cultural life of their communities and States. Any group or individual that denies a woman or girl child the right to cultural expression is denying her right to participate fully in a meaningful cultural life. Similarly, if any act of abuse is perpetrated against a woman or girl child in the name of culture, this individual or group is perverting the basic fundamental right to culture as found in international law, and is perpetuating a static and narrow conception of culture.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The intersection of different layers of discrimination based on race, ethnic identity, sex, class, education and political views further disenfranchises indigenous and aboriginal women, reproducing a multi-level oppression that culminates in violence. In cases of killings of aboriginal and indigenous women, the main failings by the authorities are the failure of police to protect aboriginal women and girls from violence and to investigate promptly and thoroughly when they are missing or murdered, and the disadvantaged social and economic conditions in which aboriginal women and girls live, which make them vulnerable to such violence.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Full, inclusive and participatory citizenship requires that violence against women be seen as a barrier to the realization of all human rights, and consequently the effective exercise of citizenship rights. Participation, autonomy and agency, are core components of citizenship rights and they emanate from human rights, as the necessary conditions for human agency and dignity. Human rights are rooted in citizenship rights, including in their dynamic conception of political, economic, civil and social participation. Human dignity and the rights to freedom and equality lie at the heart of the human rights regime and provide the necessary conditions for human agency in exercising citizenship rights. The fulfilment of one right often depends upon the fulfilment of others, as each cluster of rights provides the necessary conditions for realization of the other. For example, social rights help promote the effective exercise of civil and political rights, while civil and political rights in turn empower citizens to realize their economic, social and cultural rights.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Autonomy and agency aspects of citizenship rights provide a framework for understanding women's citizenship, through recognizing both the structural factors that constrain women's ability to live as full citizens, as well as women's role as active citizens able to participate in creating the laws, policies and conditions affecting them. Historically, States and communities have often used "the women" as a critical symbol in defining the nation. Despite linking their visions of the political community to women as symbols, in practice many States often constrain women's autonomy, thereby limiting their ability to participate fully in the community as equal citizens.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The citizenship and violence lens encourages the incorporation of women's experiences in shaping a State's rights agenda and challenges the idea that women are passive victims of patriarchal systems. It rejects an understanding of human rights that centres on male power and female victimization and instead focuses on women as agents participating in the life of their community to actively challenge and transform patriarchal power dynamics. Participation and empowerment thus have a symbiotic relationship: encouraging active participation empowers women by challenging the view that women are passive victims, while empowerment promotes ongoing participation to continue to shape the way that citizenship rights are understood and protected in one's community. It promotes citizens' capacity to create egalitarian and inclusive relationships and institutions that further uphold women's citizenship rights.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The issue of femicide has received serious attention since the establishment of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur. It is examined systematically during country visits. In 1995, the Special Rapporteur presented a thematic report on violence in the family to the Commission on Human Rights, in which it was highlighted that the dominance of a familial ideology entrenched women's roles as wives and mothers and impeded them from gaining access to non-traditional roles and exposed women who did not fit within or ascribe to traditional sex roles to gender-based hate crimes. The Special Rapporteur emphasized that such an ideology legitimated violence against women, including honour killings and other forms of femicide (see E/CN.4/1999/68). In 2002, the Special Rapporteur presented a thematic report on cultural practices in the family that were violent towards women, referring to honour killings, and noted that those types of crimes were carried out by husbands, fathers, brothers or uncles, sometimes on behalf of tribal councils (see E/CN.4/2002/83). The Special Rapporteur organized an expert meeting on the gender-motivated killing of women in New York in 2011 in order to consolidate and build on national, regional and international expertise with regard to the manifestations and root causes of and State responses to gender-motivated killings of women, discuss policy, legal and institutional challenges at the national, regional and international levels and identify good practices and lessons learned in that regard in various regions (see A/HRC/2016/Add.4). The 2012 thematic report of the Special Rapporteur to the Human Rights Council was focused on the issue of the gender-related killing of women (see A/HRC/20/16).
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The term femicide has been used in the context of killings of women in the private and public spheres. In some European contexts, such killings are described as "crimes of passion". In South Asia the term femicide has been adopted to encompass cultural practices in the region such as female infanticide, preadolescent mortality of girls and dowry-related deaths. The phenomena of so-called "honour killings" in the Middle East are rarely specifically labelled as acts of femicide, but some scholars have highlighted the femicidal nature of such acts and the impunity that accompanies such killings.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Since women and girls who are subjected to gender violence, including sexual violence and forced unions, are often re-victimized in their families and communities, restitution of identity, family life and citizenship for them may require measures that target their wider communities - including attempts to subvert cultural understandings around the value of women's purity and sexuality. Although some of the intangible assets that are often taken from victims of sexual violence, such as virginity or social standing, cannot be returned, all the tangible assets of which victims of sexual violence are commonly stripped should be borne in mind. Communal and family ostracism, abandonment by spouses and partners and becoming unmarriageable or sick are all too commonly synonyms of material destitution, and the costs of ongoing medical treatment, pregnancy, abortions, and raising children resulting from rape, are all too real to deny. To date, no reparations programme has succeeded in fully reflecting the economic impact of raising children born of rape.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The societal perspective reflects the way that formal and informal social institutions perpetuate a discriminatory context where social, economic and cultural advantage maintains hierarchies that contribute to violence against women in multiple forms. The most pervasive form of violence in societal theory is structural violence, which holds that individuals can experience violence without a single individual physically touching them. Examples of such violence include sexist and racist epithets, State policies that have an adverse and/or exclusionary impact, harmful cultural and/or religious practices, and the impact of conflict on women's lives.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Closing the gap in international human rights law: lessons from three regional human rights systems on legal standards and practices regarding violence against women 2015, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Monitoring bodies include the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, which monitors the implementation by States of their obligations as set out in, among others, the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa, and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, which monitors the implementation of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The Commission has the mandate to receive and examine State party reports, consider communications and fulfil other protective and promotional responsibilities.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Existing legal standards and practices regarding violence against women in three regional human rights systems and activities being undertaken by civil society regarding the normative gap in international human rights law 2015, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- As regards prevention, States are required to put in place policies that are necessary to change attitudes and challenge gender roles and stereotypes that make violence against women acceptable; train professionals working with victims; raise awareness of the different forms of violence and their traumatizing nature; cooperate with non-governmental organizations, the media and the private sector; and reach out to the public. Regarding protection and support, States must ensure that the needs and safety of victims are placed at the centre of all measures and establish specialized support services to provide medical assistance as well as psychological and legal counselling for victims and their children; shelters in sufficient numbers; free telephone helplines; specialized support for victims of sexual violence; and reporting structures for professionals.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In addition to public apologies, public gestures of recognition often consist of measures to mark the conflict, the violence or the notion of reconstruction that accompanies a reparations and a reconstruction project. Such measures can be the shaping or reshaping of public space, building of monuments and museums, the changing of street names and other public spaces, etc. Little reflection has been given to exploring whether women are duly recognized through such measures or whether they might prefer different forms of representation and commemoration than those traditionally favoured by men.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- A holistic approach underscores the interdependence and indivisibility of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights; it situates violence against women on a continuum; it acknowledges the structural aspects and factors of discrimination, which includes structural and institutional inequalities; and it analyzes social and/or economic hierarchies between women and men and also among women. Thus, it explicitly interrogates the places where violence against women coincides with multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and their attendant inequalities.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- A form of collective harm that deserves particular attention is group-based harm as a result of group-based affiliation. Collective measures of redress may be thought of as particularly apposite to address the legacy of violence on the identity or status of groups such as indigenous peoples. Women or children, however, are rarely thought of in collective terms, even though gender-specific and age-specific forms of violence happen to women and children precisely because they are women and children. Women and girls should not be rendered invisible under the notion of the collective and should be consulted at all stages of discussions.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- In terms of women's empowerment at the community and family level, States should engage in "cultural negotiations" through which the root causes of violence against women may be confronted and the oppressive nature of certain societal practices made evident. This cultural negotiation requires identifying and contesting the legitimacy of those who monopolize the right to speak on behalf of culture and religion. It is not culture or religion per se that sanctions the beating, mutilation or killing of women. Rather, it is those who monopolize the right to speak on behalf of culture or religion. As a consequence, State engagement in women's empowerment and societal transformations is central to challenging and changing hegemonic patriarchal structures and practices.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Inadequate attention has been focused on the hierarchies that are maintained by or reflected in the institutions and structures involved in creating, maintaining, and normalizing violence against women as discrimination against women. To the extent that women's social and economic reality is different from men's, non-discrimination and equality norms recognize the legitimacy of special measures to address these differences, in the quest to eliminate violence and discrimination against women. This creates a situation in which violence against women is recognized, but it does little to dislodge the male norm according to which personhood, non-discrimination and equality continue to be understood.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Undocumented women with disabilities may be at higher risk of violence because of the aggressor's control over immigration status; language barriers; distrust of the police force; and barriers to social and public services.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Gender-based violence impedes women's ability to realize their right to take part in cultural life. This includes the right to access, participate in and contribute to cultural life (E/C.12/GC/21). As the Special Rapporteur with the task of preparing a comprehensive study with a focus on how best to include economic, social and cultural rights in international, regional and bilateral technical cooperation in the field of human rights has explained, participation in cultural life entails meaningful decision-making and women must enjoy the freedom to create new communities of shared cultural values around any markers of identity they want to privilege, new cultural meanings and practices without fear of punitive actions, including any form of violence (A/67/287, para. 28). Violence against women and the lack of adequate responses to it have also denied women the right to choose whether or not to identify with and take part in the cultural life of a particular community or communities (E/C.12/GC/21, para. 7).
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Violence against women: Twenty years of developments to combat violence against women 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the inclusion of specific categories of women at risk, there has been more inclusivity over the years. All three of the above-mentioned agreed conclusions discuss traditional, customary and religious practices that are harmful towards women, with a particular emphasis on female genital mutilation and its health consequences. The 2013 conclusions are less explicit about female genital mutilation, but refer to practices and customs that discriminate against or have a discriminatory impact on women. States are urged to ensure that the provisions of multiple legal systems, where they exist, comply with international human rights obligations, commitments and principles, including the principle of non-discrimination.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Closing the gap in international human rights law: lessons from three regional human rights systems on legal standards and practices regarding violence against women 2015, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The Inter-American human rights system was created in 1948 and functions within the framework of the Organization of American States, with primary areas of focus including democracy, human rights, security and development. Normative developments include the adoption in 1948 of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and the Charter of the Organization of American States. The Declaration recognizes a range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to life (art. I); the right of women, during pregnancy and the nursing period, and children to special protection, care and aid (art. VII); the right to the preservation of one's health and well?being (art. XI); the right to education (art. XII); the right to take part in cultural life and benefit from intellectual progress (art. XIII); the right to work and to fair remuneration (art. XIV); and the right to social security (art. XVI). The Charter refers to human rights in several of its provisions, including article 3 (l) on the fundamental rights of the individual without distinction as to race, nationality, creed or sex. Article 17 provides: "Each State has the right to develop its cultural, political, and economic life freely and naturally. In this free development, the State shall respect the rights of the individual and the principles of universal morality." Article 106 provided for the creation of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights as a consultative mechanism for the promotion and protection of human rights.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The systematic nature of violence and its contribution to societal marginalization is often overlooked or not adequately considered in matters of gender-based violence. This could be due to the nature of systematic discrimination and also discourses about identity; whether based on race, ethnicity, national origin, and so on which often negate or ignore systematic power. The different ways in which women may experience violence, particularly intimate and interpersonal violence, depends on how they are positioned within social, economic and cultural hierarchies that prohibit or further compromise certain women's ability to enjoy universal human rights. These institutions and structures often promote access for a privileged group of women at the expense of those who are less privileged.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The inter-gender hierarchy between men and women inherent to patriarchy, together with the intra-gender hierarchy according to which women are constructed and valued, gives rise to the competing impulses of protecting valued women and attacking devalued women. In many cases, a cultural belief of, and value attached to, patriarchal authority, contributes to the gender stratification that exacerbates forms of violence against women. Many traditions promote the notion that the man is the natural head of the household, and when violence occurs in such contexts it can be very difficult for a woman to recognize her abuse as a violation of her rights. Even in cases where she suspects that she has a right not to be abused, there may be little or no community support for her to leave a household where violence is occurring.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The societal perspective is also helpful in considering how the collective manifestation of individual freedoms can cause violence against women. This perspective considers the ways in which the relationship of the individual to family members and the larger community contributes to violence against women. The Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief has argued that collective manifestations of some individual freedoms, notably freedom of religion or belief, operate at the intersection of multiple forms of discrimination and violence against women. Societal values and community norms, according to which this kind of collective manifestation is organized, often perpetuate different forms of violence against women.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- In 2000, the Human Rights Committee adopted general comment 28 on the equality of rights between men and women, in which it stated that honour crimes which remained unpunished constituted a serious violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Moreover, laws which imposed more severe penalties on women than on men for adultery or other offences also violated the requirement of equal treatment. In 2004, the General Assembly passed a resolution on the elimination of crimes against women and girls committed in the name of honour. It stressed the need to treat such crimes as criminal offences punishable by law. It emphasized that such crimes are incompatible with all religious and cultural values, and called upon all States to continue to intensify efforts to prevent and eliminate crimes against women and girls committed in the name of honour, by using legislative, administrative and programmatic measures.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
State responsibility for eliminating violence against women 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The provision of social services by State authorities is common to all regions, but there is no information on whether this is underpinned by human rights norms and standards, especially in respect of women's rights to equality, non-discrimination and bodily integrity. The general consensus, in many regions, is that in cases relating to violence against women, a social welfare approach is the norm. In many country missions the Special Rapporteur witnessed how State-run services, particularly social services or "social-work centres", often operate with an explicit focus on family reconciliation or reunification. In such countries, the norm is to resolve cases of partner/spousal/domestic violence through reconciliation and not through accountability measures, such as through prosecution and punishment of perpetrators. These institutions often show inadequate and inappropriate responses to the protection needs of women victims, with employees lacking understanding of the complex nature of abusive relationships and failing to respond adequately, sometimes to the point of jeopardizing victims' safety.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Violence against women often manifests itself in ways that violate women's right to the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. The use of threats of violence to force women from minority religious groups to convert to a different faith directly undermines women's freedom of conscience and religion. In addition, minority women in some communities have been threatened with violence for expressing their religious beliefs openly. Furthermore, targeted harassment of women wearing religious garments fosters an environment that threatens the right of women to practice their religion freely.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Social and economic exclusion works as a process as well as an outcome for violence against women, and can produce and contextualize "social relations and organizational barriers that block the attainment of livelihoods, human development and [equality]." For instance, trade, development and economic policies which target areas outside of where marginalized women reside lead to uneven development and economic opportunities. Such exclusion can create or sustain poverty and inequality, and can restrict participation, thereby increasing vulnerability to and risk of violence against women.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Restitution measures may also encompass the recovery of lost property and place of residence. However, a broader problem related to gender and restitution of land and property lies in the fact that women are often discriminated against in ownership of land and property titles.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- Feminists have also identified what they believe are other challenges: the difficulty of translating social realities into claims based on rights; the narrow interpretation of rights within an international legal order; and the prevalence of discriminatory cultural stereotypes in the administration of justice. The formulation of rights-based claims by women remains an important strategic and political tool for women's empowerment and for addressing human rights violations.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph