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Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Most States lack a specific and comprehensive law, policy or programme on persons with disabilities in general or on women with disabilities in particular. States that have a disability law do not specifically address the rights of women with disabilities in general, or violence specifically. States may also have a specific law on violence against women that generally provides remedies for all women, within a non-discriminatory framework. Unfortunately, such laws are not effectively implemented in respect of women with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] Good practices in respect of alternatives to prison custody, for people with disabilities, should be developed;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98i
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] Women with disabilities should be allowed the opportunity and provided with the necessary accommodations to enable them to participate fully in forums discussing the empowerment of women and gender equality. Collaboration within women's rights groups and disabled peoples organizations and with other stakeholders involved in activities to combat violence against women should be enhanced with a view towards including women with disabilities in related dialogue, strategy and institution-building processes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and other international law instruments is widespread. However, it has been difficult to assess effective implementation of those instruments with regard to preventing and responding to violence against women with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] States should improve and expand disaggregated data collection (gender, age, disability), including on the prevalence, manifestations, causes and consequences of violence against women with disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] Appropriate training materials on the prevention of and response to violence against women with disabilities for all sectors should be developed, in collaboration with women with disabilities, thereby enhancing the relevance of the materials and the skills of disabled peoples;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] Efforts should be made to ensure that publications, presentations and other media products feature women with disabilities, thereby recognizing the importance of media images in changing perceptions, eliminating discrimination and ending violence;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98k
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] United Nations agencies and programmes should be increasingly engaged in the issue of violence against women with disabilities, including in the production of specific reports on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- Very few States have established dedicated institutional mechanisms, programmes or strategies such as national committees or councils on women and disabilities, although some have developed strategies based on the research conducted on violence against women with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] States should ensure an empowerment perspective, as opposed to a vulnerability perspective, and must apply a social model of disability, as opposed to a medical or charity model, within prevention and response work on violence against women with disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] States should revoke any remaining laws that discriminate on the basis of sex/gender against women with disabilities and address gender bias against women with disabilities in the administration of justice;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] Country-level reforms to improve health-care services and facilities in general, including in respect of sexual and reproductive health, should be adopted. More specifically, reforms are necessary in order to reduce unnecessary imprisonment of individuals with disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 98f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends the following measures:] States should ensure that the justice sector is responsive to and supportive of women with disabilities who report cases of violence; should support innovative justice services, including one-stop shops, legal aid and specialized courts, in order to ensure substantive and procedural access to justice; and should involve women with disabilities in shaping and restructuring the legal system;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Violence against women with disabilities occurs in various spheres, including in the home, the community, as violence that is perpetrated and/or condoned by the State and as violence against women in the transnational sphere. The forms of violence to which women with disabilities are subjected can be of a physical, psychological, sexual or financial nature and include neglect, social isolation, entrapment, degradation, detention, denial of health care, forced sterilization and psychiatric treatment. Women with disabilities are twice as likely to experience domestic violence as non-disabled women, and are likely to experience abuse over a longer period of time and to suffer more severe injuries as a result of the violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities may be subjected to situations of physical discomfort or embarrassment because their right to privacy is undervalued or not valued at all. Home assistants, family members or others who provide assistance may inflict violence through purposeful neglect (for example, leaving a woman who is in bed or who uses a wheelchair with no assistance for long periods in order to "punish" or manipulate her). Others may confine a woman with disabilities to her home or isolate her from other human contact. Mobility aids, communication equipment or medications may be withheld, causing physical injury or mental and emotional suffering.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities experience rape and sexual abuse at home, at work, at school or on the street (see A/61/122/Add.1 and Corr.1). Others experience rape and sexual abuse within institutions, both state and non-state.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Denying access to reproductive health care, or forcing women with disabilities to undergo procedures aimed at controlling their reproductive choices, is a form of violence against women. The Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development recognizes the basic right of all individuals to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence; to have the information and means to do so; and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. The Programme of Action also recognizes that these rights apply to persons with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Women in institutions who need support services are usually more vulnerable. Vulnerability, both in institutions and in community settings, can range from the risk of isolation, boredom and lack of stimulation, to the risk of physical and sexual abuse. Evidence suggests that people with disabilities are at higher risk of abuse for various reasons, including dependence on a large number of caregivers and also because of barriers to communication. One study found that the majority (68 per cent) of psychiatric outpatients in a hospital had experienced major physical and/or sexual assaults therein, a higher frequency than in the general population.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities in prison also face discrimination upon their assignment to a particular facility, due to misclassification of their risk level. In the Handbook on Prisoners with Special Needs, UNODC also noted that, owing to the limited accommodation available for them, female prisoners in a number of countries are housed in security levels not justified by their risk assessment undertaken upon admission. This is exemplified in cases where a prisoner who would normally be placed in an open facility can instead be sent to secure custody, should a member of the medical, psychological or psychiatric staff decide that the medical and support services required are unavailable in open custody.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- A compilation of British studies found that 20 to 30 per cent of offenders had learning disabilities or difficulties that interfered with their ability to cope within the criminal justice system and that the female prison population was five times more likely to have a mental health disability than the general population. Another study found that as many as 80 per cent of female detainees had at least one psychiatric disability. Furthermore, such individuals are increasingly housed in prisons rather than psychiatric facilities. Those with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities face threats of inadequate care and mistreatment, in addition to the risks of self-harm and the deterioration of psychological or emotional well-being owing to the nature of incarceration, according to the UNODC Handbook. Closure of psychiatric institutions in some countries has led to a marked increase in the criminalization of women with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Paternalistic attitudes towards persons with disabilities may also prevent full and fair access to the witness stand. Various players in the judicial system may view women with disabilities as too fragile to withstand the rigors of examination by attorneys or judges, leading to their exclusion. Such exclusion has the effect of placing them at even greater risk since perpetrators may target women with disabilities because they know that complaints may be taken less seriously. Moreover, women with disabilities whose complaints have been dismissed are less likely to come forward again to report abuse.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women: Twenty years of developments to combat violence against women 2014, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The holistic approach to women's rights, by situating violence against women on a continuum from the home to the transnational sphere, has been further developed by the Special Rapporteur in her reports to the General Assembly, such as her 2011 report (A/66/215). In that report, she recommended that States engage in transformative remedies to confront the root causes of violence against women, in order to achieve individual, institutional and structural change. In her 2012 and 2013 reports to the General Assembly, the Special Rapporteur dealt with two issues that had not been specifically addressed in previous thematic reports, namely, violence against women with disabilities and violence with respect to the incarceration of women. Both reports provide a clear illustration of how violence against women intersects with other factors, including different forms of inequality and identity status, such as poverty, health, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion and language.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Modalities for the establishment of femicides/gender-related killings watch 2016, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Goal 11, to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, and target 11.2, to provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons, and target 11.7, to provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities, are also directly relevant.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In 1993, the Vienna Conference on Human Rights adopted a declaration and a programme of action, which took into account both discrimination and violence against women. The Conference addressed specific human rights violations suffered by identifiable groups of individuals, including persons belonging to national, racial, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, indigenous peoples, women, children and persons with disabilities. It also recognized violence against women as a particular human rights violation which required the attention and resources of the United Nations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities make up a significant part of the world's population. According to the 2011 World Report on Disability of the World Health Organization and World Bank, it is estimated that approximately 15 per cent of the world's population lives with some form of disability. The disability level threshold indicates that the male disability prevalence rate is 12 and the female 19.2. Based on such figures, it is clear that women with disabilities constitute a significant portion of the global population. Despite the evolution of normative frameworks concerning both the human rights of women and of persons with disabilities, the impact of the combined effects of both gender and disability have not gained sufficient attention, and violence against women with disabilities remains largely unaddressed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities who are members of minority groups are subject to multiple forms of discrimination and violence because of their race/ethnicity, gender and disability status combined. They may be subject to discrimination in access to education, employment, and health care; and may be denied reasonable accommodations. Women of colour with disabilities who do seek preventive support or access to justice are subject to discriminatory practices that treat them as not credible or as "contributors" to their own abuse. Some resist seeking justice in formal systems that they see, at best, as unresponsive to their needs and, at worst, as destructive to their peoples as a whole. Furthermore, despite their own efforts to be heard about the violence they experience, they might be effectively silenced both by community social sanctions and ineffective anti-violence laws.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Women with disabilities in conflict or post-conflict regions may be at additional risk of violence as members of a targeted race/ethnic, religious or linguistic group and may have greater difficulty in accessing services in the conflict environment. Women with disabilities face additional burdens in refugee camps because the facilities are rarely accessible or designed to meet their specific needs. Serious problems with the physical layout and infrastructure of refugee camps have been noted by some organizations. Such problems mean that services, including toilets, shelters and health facilities will not be accessible to people with disabilities and that no special accommodations are made to ensure accessibility to the food and supplies they need on a daily basis. In addition, because camps and facilities are generally inaccessible, most persons with disabilities are forced to remain in them. Furthermore, justice and post-conflict reconciliation activities generally do not include women with disabilities, nor are such programmes made accessible or inclusive.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was adopted in 2006 and entered into force in 2008. The preamble acknowledges that disability is an evolving concept, and that the full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others is negatively impacted by the interaction between persons with impairments and the attitudinal and environmental barriers that exist. The Convention is more progressive than the Standard Rules in its purpose to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities and to promote respect for their inherent dignity. It also reflects the "nothing about us without us" principle of inclusion of persons with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Article 16 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, on freedom from exploitation, violence and abuse, specifically addresses the problem of gender-based offences. It provides for the protection of that freedom; educational support for persons with disabilities and their families; monitoring of facilities and programmes to serve persons with disabilities; prevention strategies; recovery programmes; and prosecution of crimes involving exploitation, violence and abuse against such persons. Additionally, it includes provisions regarding the establishment of gender and age-specific supports. Article 25 is also relevant to the issue of violence against women, in recognizing that persons with disabilities have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health, without discrimination on the basis of disability. This includes access to gender-sensitive health services and health-related rehabilitation, sexual and reproductive health and population-based public health programmes, all of which should be provided as close as possible to the individual's community.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- In general recommendation No. 24, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women also discusses issues of concern to women with disabilities. The Committee recognizes that societal factors may be determinative of health status and that special attention should be given to the health needs and rights of women with disabilities, among other vulnerable groups. General recommendation No. 27 pertains to the protection of the human rights of older women and addresses women with disabilities by discussing the double discrimination and gender stereotyping older women with disabilities face, especially in regard to their access to education, health-care services, legal services and their increased susceptibility to violence. General recommendation No. 28 focuses on the core obligations of States parties under article 2 and discusses the enhanced vulnerability for discrimination that women with disabilities face in civil and penal laws, regulations and customary laws and practice. The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women 1993 (see General Assembly resolution 48/104) also makes reference to violence and women with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph