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Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- In this regard, despite her view that demand for all types of commercial sex should be eliminated, the former Special Rapporteur on the human rights aspects of the victims of trafficking in persons reached a different conclusion about the measures appropriate to reduce demand in cases other than prostitution, notably when goods were made by workers who had been trafficked. In her report (E/CN.4/2006/62, para. 59) she expressed the view that: States parties need not eradicate demand simply because that demand is occasionally met by goods produced by trafficked labour. For example, the consumer market for athletic shoes could be met occasionally by shoes produced by people who have been subjected to one or more of the means of trafficking listed in the Protocol definition. There are reasonable steps States parties may take to discourage the demand side of such markets without seeking to wholly eradicate the consumer demand for athletic shoes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In developing effective strategies to combat trafficking in persons, the Special Rapporteur has consistently advocated for basing such strategies on "5P's" (protection, prosecution, punishment, prevention and promotion of international cooperation) and "3R's" (redress, rehabilitation/recovery and reintegration of victims to assume a constructive role in the society) (A/HRC/10/16 and Corr.1). The role of prevention is critical in ensuring that the crime of trafficking does not occur in the first place. Despite its importance, the efforts to combat trafficking have been largely centred on a "symptom-specific" approach in that solutions are sought only after particular problems occur. It follows that resources and efforts are often concentrated on prosecuting traffickers or developing assistance programmes for survivors of trafficking but neglect the development and implementation of comprehensive and systematic prevention measures.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Regional mechanisms are also an effective means for countries within a region to cooperate with international organizations. In addition to international legal instruments, international organizations develop numerous tools, guidelines, model laws and studies that can be extremely useful to regional organizations, once adapted to their local context. By using them in this manner, regional mechanisms provide a distinctive way for countries to benefit from these tools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- A long-awaited review of a 1998 Swedish law prohibiting the purchase of sexual services was recently published by the Ministry of Justice of Sweden. Although the report is clear in concluding that prohibiting the purchase of sexual services has helped to combat prostitution, the review is less persuasive on the impact on trafficking and states that while it is difficult to assess precisely the extent of sex trafficking in Sweden, there are data suggesting that the scale has been affected by the ban on purchases of sexual services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The recommendations of the Special Rapporteur are set out below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- Civil society actors, particularly NGOs that have acquired specific expertise, have a role to play in the development, implementation and evaluation of anti-trafficking policies and programmes. In some cases, they are very well placed to provide services to victims or inputs into governmental policies. In this regard, the OHCHR Guidelines include various recommendations on the way NGOs and other civil society organizations should be involved in the efforts to fight trafficking, as key partners. Regional organizations have a role to play in promoting effective partnerships between Governments and civil society, and between themselves and civil society. Building such effective partnerships remains a challenge.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Finally, OAS has adopted a system whereby it hosts regular gatherings of the highest level national government officials responsible for combating human trafficking, through a political process called the "Meetings of National Authorities on Trafficking in Persons", the most recent of which was held in March 2009 in Argentina. Further to these meetings, the "Conclusions and Recommendations of National Authorities on Trafficking in Persons" have been approved and shared with OAS member States.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- At the outset, it should be noted that examples and practices cited in the report are not exhaustive and are informed by the Special Rapporteur's previous country visits and her participation in various meetings and conferences. The Special Rapporteur expresses her appreciation for the valuable input provided by international organizations and non-governmental organizations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- States should build skills and institutionalize capacities, in particular those of law enforcement officers, including labour inspectors, so that they intervene appropriately to prevent trafficking in persons rather than dealing with the aftermath.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- At the subregional level, ECOWAS member States proclaimed their commitment to the eradication of trafficking in persons in 2001, with the adoption of the "Declaration on the fight against trafficking in persons". At the same time, the ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons for the period 2002-2003 was adopted. Since then, subsequent Plans of Action against Trafficking in Persons have been adopted every triennium, the latest in 2009.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- In addition, regional mechanisms have developed tools such as model laws and handbooks, and convened workshops at the regional level to operationalize these tools. For example, LAS adopted an "Arab guiding law on fighting human trafficking" in 2005, and organized a workshop on "The mechanisms to combat human trafficking in Arab legislation" in Cairo in 2007. The conference provided first-hand information on how far countries have progressed through legal action in combating trafficking in persons. Similarly, the Bali Process cooperates with countries on anti-trafficking legislation, using a model law developed by China and Australia.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- In the Mekong region, six Governments (Cambodia, China, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam) established the COMMIT Process in 2004. The COMMIT Subregional Plan of Action for 2008-2010 contains eight key activities: Training and Capacity Building; National Plans of Action; Multilateral and Bilateral Partnerships; Legal Frameworks, Law Enforcement, and Justice; Victim Identification, Protection, Recovery and Reintegration; Preventive Measures; Cooperation with the Tourism Sector; and Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation. Activities are being implemented in partnership between relevant government departments and non-government entities, whether United Nations agencies or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP), which was established in 2000 with a mandate to facilitate a stronger and more coordinated response to trafficking in persons in the Mekong region and beyond, acts as secretariat to COMMIT.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- A solid, comprehensive normative and institutional framework, whereby the commitment to tackling trafficking is expressed at the highest level, is an essential starting point for building an effective response to human trafficking. From analysis of the information collected, the Special Rapporteur noted that several organizations have adopted a formal international agreement in the form of a convention, an agreement or a memorandum of understanding (MOU), while others base their work on a document of a declaratory nature. For example, COMMIT was established by a MOU adopted at the ministerial level, which has proved to be a solid foundation for its work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Within the framework of the LAS, the Council of Arab Justice Ministers has adopted a decision to launch "The Arab initiative for building national capacities to combat human trafficking". The initiative will be launched in Doha, Qatar, on 22 and 23 March 2010, in collaboration with the UNODC Regional Office in Cairo and with the support and sponsorship of Qatar. This initiative aims to combat trafficking in persons through developing the criminal justice system in Arab States, for example by building the capacity of law enforcement bodies, prosecutors, members of the judiciary and the media.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 119
- Paragraph text
- [Regional mechanisms should carry out the activities set out in the following paragraphs, which have a specific added value:] Conduct regular regional training courses, assist in developing and improving curricula for national level training, collect and compile information on existing training programmes at the regional and national level, and conduct regular training needs assessments.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 124
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prevention, regional mechanisms should take the actions set out in the following paragraphs:]Provide technical and financial support to countries for raising public awareness at all levels regarding human trafficking. Regional mechanisms should themselves develop and implement public awareness campaigns, in partnership with international organizations, civil society and the media.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. (g)
- Paragraph text
- The international community should explore ways to financially support regional mechanisms in their effort to provide assistance to countries in developing their human rights-based anti-trafficking strategies. National governments should for their part ensure adequate budgetary allocation for implementation of their national plans on anti-trafficking derived from regional mechanisms and cooperation initiatives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 30d
- Paragraph text
- [Demand for the services of trafficked persons or for commodities they have been involved in producing may come from a variety of sources, including:] Businesses that buy services or products from other companies (i.e., a "supply chain").
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The analysis of different aspects of prevention programmes described above highlights the cross-cutting importance of collecting accurate data when designing the programmes, as well as monitoring and evaluation to ensure their effectiveness.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, the EU Action Oriented Paper provides that, in response to a new trend or pattern, for instance a noticeable increase in the number of victims of trafficking from a similar area or travelling route, it may deem it necessary to develop a joint effort in partnership with a third country, region or organization. For this purpose, Swift Action Teams (SATs) may be established, composed of experts from Europol and Frontex. A SAT can be deployed to support a specific third country, region or international organization, for example to assist third countries in identifying victims of trafficking at airports before they board and providing training on the identification of victims and forged identity papers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- These analyses provide useful insights into the key elements of effective awareness-raising. First, awareness-raising campaigns must be based on accurate and adequate information. Before embarking on such campaigns, it is important to acquire a solid understanding of the manifestations of trafficking in a given context. Awareness-raising based on inaccurate or insufficient information may leave potential victims off-guard. For example, one study showed that information campaigns in the Republic of Moldova had disseminated information that the main destination country was Turkey, when in reality it was the Russian Federation. It is desirable to conduct a needs assessment or study to identify what the target audience already knows and does not know in order to ensure the maximum impact. It is simply not useful or effective to implement broad-brush campaigns to "stop human trafficking" if the populations do not even know what human trafficking really is.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The work of the EU on anti-trafficking has become an important part of its agenda in the last 10 years, notably with the adoption in 2002 of the Framework Decision on combating trafficking in human beings (which is currently being revised) and the 2004 Directive on the residence permit issued to Non-EU member country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings and who cooperate with the competent authorities (Council Directive 2004/81/EC). An Expert Group on Trafficking in Human Beings was established in 2003, and the action plan on strengthening the EU external dimension on action against trafficking in human beings was adopted in 2009. Amongst the main tasks of the EU are the development of policies and legislation, the provision of financial and political support for anti-trafficking projects and the provision of guidelines and technical assistance at the national level.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- OAS is strongly engaged in combating human trafficking on the American continent. At the political level, the OAS General Assembly has adopted resolutions that express the commitment of member States in this regard. At the level of the secretariat, the OAS Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit provides specialized training and assistance to member countries to implement the Palermo Protocol and the recommendations stemming from the OAS Meetings of National Authorities on Trafficking in Persons. The secretariat primarily focuses on awareness-raising, provision of training, dissemination of international legal frameworks and the sharing of good practices to enable States to combat trafficking more effectively, taking both a human-rights and a gender perspective.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The EU has launched several initiatives aimed at designing a standardized system for the collection of qualitative and quantitative data and analysis of human trafficking. While this is still in progress, its intention is that, once completed, the system would be shared with a view to developing a common or at least comparable template in the EU and third countries for the collection of data relating to all aspects of trafficking. In this regard, a Ministerial Conference on "Guidelines for the Collection of Data on Trafficking in Human Beings, Including Comparable Indicators" was held on 23-24 February 2009 by the Austrian Ministry of the Interior, IOM and the EU.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- Regional mechanisms should develop standards that reflect a human rights-based approach to trafficking, based on relevant international instruments such as the Palermo Protocol and the OHCHR Guidelines. These standards should be developed in regional legal instruments, regional and national action plans, bilateral agreements, and further set out in practical guidelines, standard operating procedures or practitioners' handbooks. Furthermore, regional mechanisms should provide assistance to countries in operationalizing these standards at the national level through capacity-building activities, most importantly training and workshops. Finally, they should be active in monitoring and evaluation, collecting data on achievements and challenges, and sharing the results of their evaluation, including good practices, with countries in their region.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Regional mechanisms have a key role in facilitating the development and strengthening of bilateral cooperation mechanisms between countries of the same region. In this regard, ASEAN has facilitated the conclusion of bilateral meetings to combat trafficking between countries, in particular between Thailand and the Lao People's Democratic Republic and between Cambodia and Viet Nam. COMMIT, when assisting countries in the development of bilateral mechanisms on human trafficking, particularly insists on the inclusion of effective implementation and monitoring mechanisms, and follows up with the organization of regional seminars to that effect. It also insists on the importance of integrating the agreement into governmental mandates and budgets.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- Without information and statistics, it is difficult to determine the extent of trafficking in persons and to develop appropriate policies. Regional organizations, because of their broader perspective, could take a leading role in collecting data in order to gain a clearer understanding of the root causes, factors in countries of destination facilitating trafficking, current trends with regard to victims, traffickers and criminal networks, their modi operandi, travel routes and different forms of exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 30c
- Paragraph text
- [Demand for the services of trafficked persons or for commodities they have been involved in producing may come from a variety of sources, including:] An employer who wants a particularly docile or subservient worker;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- In addition to establishing national coordination bodies, some regional mechanisms have promoted the establishment of specialist counter-trafficking units within law enforcement structures. In this regard, the ASEAN Asia Regional Cooperation to Prevent People Trafficking (ARCPPT) criminal justice project achieved significant outcomes, including the establishment of Specialist Counter-Trafficking Response Units in almost all 10 ASEAN countries and biannual meetings between the Heads of these Units, comprising three senior police officers from each country. These measures have enhanced expertise and cooperation between the police services of each country.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In this context, a number of regional organizations have embarked on regional cooperation activities in this area, with very different modalities. In some cases, organizations created with broad cooperation objectives decided to include the fight against trafficking in their activities. In other cases, new regional cooperation mechanisms have been created solely for the purpose of combating trafficking in persons. However, a number of them still do not address the trafficking phenomenon in a comprehensive manner, failing to take a victim-centred and human rights-based approach to combating human trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph