Search Tips
sorted by
14 shown of 14 entities
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 85d
- Paragraph text
- [Taking in account States' obligations under international human rights law, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer a set of recommendations which may serve as a basis for human rights-based measures to discourage the demand that fosters or leads to trafficking in persons:] It is necessary to put regulatory and supervisory mechanisms in place whenever they encourage or facilitate any forms of labour migration, as the absence of such mechanisms has had the effect of facilitating trafficking in persons. Legislation is required to protect anyone who, in the absence of appropriate protection, can be exploited with relative ease (such as migrant workers in general, child workers,particularly those below the minimum age for admission to employment) and anyone working outside a formal or regulated workplace (such as migrant domestic workers and other migrants, particularly women, who work in unregulated or informal workplaces). Legislation may also be required to ensure that any places where trafficked persons may be deployed to work or earn money, including informal workplaces or settings, are subject to the rule of law and can be checked by law enforcement officials, if necessary;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In some cases, companies themselves have taken a leadership role in developing and implementing multi-stakeholder initiatives. For instance, when the global clothing company, Gap Inc., discovered that its subcontractor in India was employing children under slave-like conditions, it not only swiftly remedied the situation but also contributed to the establishment of a multi-stakeholder think tank in India in July 2008 to promote public-private partnerships in efforts to combat trafficking. The company has teamed up with its local suppliers, a Government-supported non-governmental organization and a national buying house, to help more than 600 women learn hand embroidery skills to obtain work in the export market.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The need for this "system-building" approach may be illustrated by experiences in poverty-reduction programmes. While such programmes may be often implemented as a preventive measure, experience suggests that increasing economic empowerment alone does not necessarily reduce the incidence of trafficking. In this regard, the International Labour Organization (ILO) stresses the importance of "packaging" interventions so that measures such as microfinance and other income-generating activities are combined with measures to address other factors that create conditions in which people are vulnerable to trafficking. The ILO project to combat trafficking in children and women in the greater Mekong subregion is a good example of how various interventions were integrated into one package and successfully mitigated vulnerability to trafficking. In this project, ILO combined information-sharing, capacity-building, awareness-raising, communication campaigns and direct assistance through employment creation, vocational skills training, educational support and microcredit schemes, particularly targeting at-risk women and children and their families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, there are encouraging signs that public-private partnerships can contribute to the prevention of trafficking, especially through the provision of vocational training and employment opportunities to vulnerable groups. In India, the Ministry of Women and Child Development has been active in promoting the public-private partnership and established the first think tank on public-private partnership to address the issue of trafficking in 2008. This led to the establishment of the Apparel Export Promotion Council to provide training in apparel production to family members of trafficking survivors. The training programme was followed by employment in factories as a means of reducing their vulnerability to trafficking. In the hospitality industry, the International Confederation of Indian Industry and the International Institute of Hotel Management provided skills training in housekeeping and in goods and beverage retail management. Following the completion of the training, the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (a government agency) and Sinar Jernih provided employment opportunities to successful candidates of this joint training programme.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- In the light of the limitations associated with legal proceedings, it is noteworthy that a number of cases in which trafficked persons have successfully obtained compensation resulted from out-of-court settlements negotiated by various governmental and non-governmental bodies. In some States, trade unions have played a crucial role in settling claims for unpaid or underpaid wages, or work-related injuries following negotiations with employers. These non-judicial methods may play an instrumental role in seeking compensation particularly for certain groups of trafficked persons, such as trafficked women and girls, who may face a variety of procedural challenges in judicial proceedings, such as psychological harms, stigma and fears of reprisals.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The importance of bilateral and international cooperation in discouraging the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, that leads to trafficking has been noted in article 9 of the Trafficking Protocol. As globalization has increased demand for cheap labour and services and for sex tourism, there is an increasing need for international cooperation on the part of both State and non-State actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In addressing the demand for exploitative commercial sexual services, it is important to recognize that such demand is socially constructed in that the desire to buy sex is often encouraged by men's need to socially identify themselves as "real men" or "adults". The feminized entertainment and sex industry is predicated on male-centred ideological assumptions: that sex services are largely a male right and a commodity; that commercial providers of sex services are largely women; and that women in prostitution exist as sexualized and commodified bodies. The Special Rapporteur notes that there are divergent perspectives on how to tackle the demand for exploitative commercial sexual services. At one end of the spectrum is the argument that prostitution is inextricably linked to trafficking in persons and thus that trafficking cannot be prevented without curbing the demand for prostitution. On the basis of that approach, some States have adopted legislation that criminalizes the buying or soliciting of sexual services, which has reportedly led to a significant reduction in the number of foreign women engaged in street prostitution, thus creating an unprofitable market for sex trafficking. At the other end of the spectrum, the "free choice" advocates draw a clear distinction between prostitutes who voluntarily work in the sex industry and trafficked persons who are forced to work as prostitutes. They do not view the abolition of prostitution as an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of trafficking and advocate for prostitutes' right to earn their livelihood and to organize themselves to assert their rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Although States reporting on the measures taken to discourage demand have reported on a wide range of methods, including some intended to address supply, the Special Rapporteur recognizes that not all prevention measures, even those specifically affecting the places where trafficked persons are exploited, should be regarded as measures to discourage demand. Further, in the debate about what to do to discourage demand, many stakeholders have focused exclusively on demand for commercial sexual exploitation, particularly of women and girls, and neglected other forms of demand, such as demand for exploitative labour and organs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The consultations also fostered robust dialogue on strategies and engagement aimed at promoting workers’ voices and empowerment within sustainability initiatives, especially within compliance monitoring schemes, including complaints hotlines, the use of worker surveys, good practices in engaging workers during audits, training and capacity-building for workers on their rights and responsibilities in the workplace, and training on worker-management dialogue in the workplace. However, ensuring that potentially vulnerable workers, such as migrants, young people and women, were not inadvertently excluded from these new strategies was identified as a challenge.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group on Trafficking in Persons of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime has reviewed some of the measures which States have taken to discourage demand. Details about the measures implemented by 33 States were reported to the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (15-19 October 2012). In addition to mentioning general measures to combat trafficking in persons, several States provided information on their labour laws and codes, which they felt reduced trafficking in persons for forced labour. Some pointed out that they had adopted specific legislation regulating working conditions, especially for foreign workers. Some made reference to specific legislation to address the issue of demand by establishing the responsibility of employers for the management of their supply chains. A few States reported that they had addressed the issue of demand by adopting legislation prohibiting the advertisement of sexual services and criminalizing the purchase of sexual services. Those States commented that such legislation was aimed at eliminating the main pull factors in trafficking persons for sexual exploitation. Some States reported establishing monitoring mechanisms with a specific focus on: the conditions of employment of women, youth and foreign workers hired on a temporary basis; assessing the authenticity of job offers, especially job offers for foreign workers, whether temporary or not; and ensuring the mandatory compliance of employers with the established rules and regulations of employment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Trafficking in persons, especially women and children, is a gross human rights violation. It is also a lucrative crime that generates US$150.2 billion per year in illegal profits. The flow of trafficking in persons evolves with the changing socioeconomic realities of society and traffickers adapt their modus operandi accordingly.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In this process, the dynamic force of globalization and trade liberalization exacerbates the feminization of poverty and migration. A number of reports indicate that structural adjustment measures imposed by global financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund increased poverty, unemployment, inequality and the degree of insecurity in many countries. In many cases, such adverse effects fall on women, as structural adjustment often involves the privatization of the public sector, which reduces access to social services that women may rely on. Trade liberalization may also result in cheap imports so that certain industries dominated by women, such as agriculture and textiles, are not able to survive, causing a loss of employment of the women. These effects all contribute to creating powerful "push" factors for women to migrate to seek employment outside their countries of origin, even at the risk of abuse, exploitation and trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Some forms of trafficking mostly involve women and girls, who comprise the vast majority of people trafficked for sexual purposes and for labour exploitation in domestic servitude. Moreover, women are also trafficked for the purpose of forced and servile marriages (A/HRC/21/41).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The obligations of States to prevent and combat human trafficking are clearly spelled out in international human rights instruments. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women requires States parties to take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to suppress all forms of traffic in women and exploitation of prostitution of women (art. 6), while the Convention on the Rights of the Child similarly obliges States parties to take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form (art. 35). It is also of relevance that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits slavery and forced or compulsory labour (art. 8). Other relevant international instruments include those under the auspices of the International Labour Organization (ILO): the Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (Convention No. 182), under which States parties are called upon to take effective measures to prohibit the worst forms of child labour, including child trafficking, and the Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour (Convention No. 29) and the Convention concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour (Convention No. 105), under which States parties are required to take measures to abolish forced or compulsory labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
14 shown of 14 entities