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Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Subregional initiatives include the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Declaration on the Fight against Trafficking in Persons (2001) and the ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons (2002-2003). Subsequent plans of action against trafficking in persons have also been adopted. Moreover, the ECOWAS and Economic Community of Central African States biregional Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2006-2009), the related resolution and a multilateral cooperation agreement have further strengthened subregional initiatives to curb trafficking. The biregional Plan of Action reaffirmed the ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action and extended efforts to combat trafficking into the Central African region. In addition, the Southern African Development Community Plan of Action to combat trafficking in persons, the revised African Union Plan of Action on Drug Control and Crime Prevention (2007-2012 and 2013-2017) can be cited as examples of subregional initiatives. Joint cooperation between intergovernmental organizations, such as between the United Nations and the African Union, in the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization or within the Commonwealth can be cited as joint actions to address human trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The role of individual consumers in fuelling the exploitation of children, including cases when children are trafficked, is recognized in the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. In this Protocol, the need is expressed for raising public awareness to reduce consumer demand for the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. In addition to requiring them to punish specified acts and activities by criminal or penal law, the Optional Protocol requires States parties to "promote awareness in the public at large, including children, through information by all appropriate means, education and training, about the preventive measures and harmful effects of the offences referred to in the present Protocol" and "take appropriate measures aimed at effectively prohibiting the production and dissemination of material advertising the offences described in the present Protocol" (art. 9, paras. 2 and 5).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- From States' perspectives, these concerns translate into the obligation to implement child-sensitive court procedures which effectively protect the rights and interests of children. In particular, the Legislative Guide to the Palermo Protocol unequivocally stresses the importance of avoiding direct contact between the child victim and the suspected offender, and according child witnesses special protection measures to ensure their safety. Thus, States should, for instance, allow procedural measures to obtain the child's testimony without the presence of the trafficker, such as allowing video-recording of testimony, examination via videoconference, or written statements in lieu of in-court testimony. Child-sensitive court procedures may also require adequate training of relevant law enforcement officials, such as police officers, lawyers, prosecutors and judges, in the rights of trafficked children. In this regard, it has been noted that there are benefits in forming a multi-stakeholder group to allow law enforcement officials to work together with social workers and other service providers responsible for the care of exploited children, including trafficked children, to ensure the provision of appropriate care and support, as well as the prosecution of the perpetrators.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Given the complexities surrounding trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations, which can be considered from a number of different perspectives, the range of sources of relevant law is very wide. In the human rights area, for example, treaties dealing with slavery and the slave trade, forced labour, child labour, the rights of women, the rights of children, migrant workers and persons with disabilities, as well as more general treaties dealing with civil and political rights or economic, social and cultural rights, are applicable to trafficking in all situations, including situations of armed conflict. Major crime control treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime and the United Nations Convention against Corruption are also relevant to trafficking in all situations, as are the specialist treaties dealing with the issue of trafficking, most particularly the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and, at the European level, the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings and its Explanatory Report, and the European Union Directive on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- While the Special Rapporteur intends to accord priority to those thematic areas, she will also continue to follow up on thematic concerns addressed by her predecessors, such as the issue of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, including of children, especially as a consequence of conflicts, and in connection with labour exploitation, including domestic servitude.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- To that end, the Special Rapporteur will advocate a human rights-based and victim-centred approach to promote and protect the human rights of victims of trafficking, especially women and children, guided by international human rights law and standards, including the OHCHR Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- ILO Convention No. 189 (2011) concerning decent work for domestic workers, which entered into force in 2013, and its Recommendation No. 201 extend basic labour rights to domestic workers, including those in private households, who are without clear terms of employment, unregistered and excluded from the scope of labour legislation. It stresses States' duty of diligence in effectively eliminating child labour and sets a minimum age for domestic workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The exercise of due diligence requires that remedies for victims be available and effective. As well as being an obligation under article 5 of the United Nations Trafficking Protocol, the criminalization of trafficking is a core component of a State's due diligence obligations, including to protect victims, prevent future trafficking, and provide the necessary structures to investigate, prosecute and adjudicate trafficking cases. Accordingly, States also have due diligence obligations relating to the investigation and prosecution of suspected traffickers. However, in practice, while more than 90 per cent of States have legislation criminalizing trafficking in persons, "this legislation does not always comply with the [United Nations Trafficking] Protocol, or does not cover all forms of trafficking and their victims, leaving far too many children, women and men vulnerable. Even where legislation is enacted, implementation often falls short." Such problems in implementation constitute a failure of States' obligations to criminalize, investigate and punish trafficking in persons and deny victims access to justice. Particular gaps in criminalization also persist in the areas of trafficking for the purposes of organ removal and other forms of exploitation, including for committing crime, for begging, forced marriages and armed conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- It is one thing to assert the human rights of victims of trafficking and another to specify, with a sufficient level of detail, what those rights actually are and what obligations they impose on States. That process is essential, because it is only through such certainty that it becomes possible to assess the extent to which a particular situation, initiative or response is in conformity with international human rights law. The task is made somewhat more difficult by the fact that the central international instrument relevant to trafficking, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, is not clear on the issue of the rights of victims. There are general references to human rights in the Protocol and it includes a number of obligations that may be understood as intended to protect victims. However, on its own, it makes little headway in establishing the precise nature of the entitlements of victims and how these should be met. It is also relevant to note that, when the mandate was first instituted, the international human rights system itself had not contributed substantially to clarifying the substantive content of relevant rights and obligations. While there was regular condemnation of the human rights violations associated with trafficking, the practice was rarely linked to the violation of a specific right in a specific treaty.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The past decade has been one of great development and change. With the benefit of an agreed definition of trafficking in persons, new international, regional and national laws, clearer policies and heightened political commitment, the mandate has been able to make a critical contribution at a unique moment in time. It has actively embraced and advocated for the definition of trafficking that is now enshrined in international law through the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, and other instruments and is reflected in the law of many States. This approach has been instrumental in helping to expand the focus of international and national anti-trafficking efforts beyond the previous focus on trafficking for the exploitation of prostitution and contributing to greater conceptual clarity around the parameters of the definition of trafficking. In their responses to the questionnaire, a number of States and organizations highlighted the substantial contribution of the mandate to expanding the discourse around trafficking. This expansion was noted in relation to: (a) identification and exploration of different forms of exploitation related to trafficking and (b) consideration of different avenues and actors that could or should play a role in preventing or responding to trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In its decision 2004/110, the Commission on Human Rights appointed a Special Rapporteur "whose mandate will focus on the human rights aspects of the victims of trafficking in persons, especially women and children". In the same decision, the Commission invited the Special Rapporteur to submit annual reports, including recommendations on measures required to uphold and protect the human rights of victims. The Special Rapporteur was further requested to respond effectively to reliable information on possible human rights violations, with a view to protecting the human rights of actual or potential victims of trafficking and to cooperate with relevant United Nations bodies, regional organizations and victims and their representatives. The establishment of the position of Special Rapporteur, with an explicit mandate to address the human rights aspects of trafficking, proved to be a critical circuit-breaker, affirming on behalf of the international community two key principles: first, that the human rights of trafficked persons should be at the centre of all efforts to combat trafficking; and second, that anti-trafficking measures should not adversely affect the human rights and dignity of all persons concerned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 85h
- Paragraph text
- [Taking in account States' obligations under international human rights law, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer a set of recommendations which may serve as a basis for human rights-based measures to discourage the demand that fosters or leads to trafficking in persons:] States should seek the views of representatives of any particular group of people who would potentially be affected by measures to prevent human trafficking in a significant way and take these views into account when designing measures to discourage demand. Seeking the views of such people means collecting relevant information from people who, on account of their experience, are likely to be well-informed about the shortcomings, gaps or unintended consequences of existing policies and practices. In particular, as highlighted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, States have a responsibility to listen to and take into account the views of children who may be impacted by any measures to discourage demand.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 85d
- Paragraph text
- [Taking in account States' obligations under international human rights law, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer a set of recommendations which may serve as a basis for human rights-based measures to discourage the demand that fosters or leads to trafficking in persons:] It is necessary to put regulatory and supervisory mechanisms in place whenever they encourage or facilitate any forms of labour migration, as the absence of such mechanisms has had the effect of facilitating trafficking in persons. Legislation is required to protect anyone who, in the absence of appropriate protection, can be exploited with relative ease (such as migrant workers in general, child workers,particularly those below the minimum age for admission to employment) and anyone working outside a formal or regulated workplace (such as migrant domestic workers and other migrants, particularly women, who work in unregulated or informal workplaces). Legislation may also be required to ensure that any places where trafficked persons may be deployed to work or earn money, including informal workplaces or settings, are subject to the rule of law and can be checked by law enforcement officials, if necessary;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- A report by the Global Alliance against Traffic in Women states that "a human rights approach to trafficking is empty and meaningless if it does not place at the very core the voice and agency of trafficked and migrant women". Whilst measures to address demand must evidently also include consultation with men and children, a human rights-based approach to human trafficking must foreground the rights and wellbeing of those who have been trafficked, placing them and their views at the centre of discussions around measures to discourage demand. Genuine inclusion of the views and voices of those who have been trafficked assists in developing a proportionate response and reflecting the rights and desires of victims, as well as the inherent complexity of the issue. A consultative approach encourages the implementation of strategies focusing on the potential impact on such individuals, in keeping with international human rights principles around human trafficking. As the High Commissioner for Human Rights noted, a human rights-based approach "requires us to consider, at each and every stage, the impact that a law, policy, practice or measure may have on persons who have been trafficked and persons who are vulnerable to being trafficked".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- The conclusion of memorandums of understanding laying out cooperation mechanisms and delineating roles and responsibilities between criminal justice agencies and victim service agencies has been one way to foster understanding and increase communication. Various provinces in Thailand have adopted internal memorandums signed by Government officials, the Royal Thai Police and victim support agencies. The memorandums clarify the roles and responsibilities of each entity, elucidate working principles and definitions, and are intended to introduce systems to improve the working relationship between the parties. In the Republic of Moldova, a memorandum of understanding was signed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the General Prosecutor's Office, the Ministry of Social Protection, IOM and a number of non-governmental organizations and service providers. As a result, the organizations and other service providers in the country offer an array of services for victims, including medical and legal assistance, case monitoring, special assistance for children and services to help with re-integration, such as vocational training, employment counselling, grants for business development and social welfare assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Regional instruments also provide for State obligations to prevent and combat trafficking in persons. Perhaps the most comprehensive regional instrument is the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, under which States parties are required not only to adopt legislative or other measures to criminalize trafficking in persons but also to ensure that a legal person can be held liable for trafficking and other related acts (art. 22). Also relevant to the issue of trafficking in supply chains is article 19, under which States parties are required to consider adopting such legislative or other measures to criminalize the use of services which are the object of exploitation, with the knowledge that the person is a victim of trafficking in human beings. In the Arab region, the Arab Charter on Human Rights prohibits all forms of trafficking in human beings (art. 10). In other regions, while there is a tendency to prohibit only some forms of trafficking in persons, it is nevertheless relevant to note that the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, in its article 4 (2) (g), and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, in its article 29, require States parties to take appropriate measures to prevent trafficking in women and in children, respectively. In the Americas, the American Convention on Human Rights prohibits trafficking in women (art. 6 (1)).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The obligations of States to prevent and combat human trafficking are clearly spelled out in international human rights instruments. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women requires States parties to take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to suppress all forms of traffic in women and exploitation of prostitution of women (art. 6), while the Convention on the Rights of the Child similarly obliges States parties to take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form (art. 35). It is also of relevance that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits slavery and forced or compulsory labour (art. 8). Other relevant international instruments include those under the auspices of the International Labour Organization (ILO): the Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (Convention No. 182), under which States parties are called upon to take effective measures to prohibit the worst forms of child labour, including child trafficking, and the Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour (Convention No. 29) and the Convention concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour (Convention No. 105), under which States parties are required to take measures to abolish forced or compulsory labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that trafficked children are equipped with information on all matters affecting their interests, including their situation, legal options, entitlements and services available to them, and processes of family reunification or repatriation. States should encourage trafficked children to express their views and give them due consideration in accordance with their age and maturity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure that the best interests of the child are a primary consideration in all decisions or actions that affect trafficked children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Recovery includes medical and psychological care, as well as legal and social services. As trafficking often causes severe physical and psychological consequences for the victims, recovery is a crucial form of remedy. In the Human Rights Council report, the Special Rapporteur noted with concern that in some States, recovery services are only available to certain categories of trafficked persons at the exclusion of others, such as men and children who are internally trafficked, and that access to recovery services is made conditional on the capacity or willingness of trafficked persons to cooperate with law enforcement authorities. Further, she expressed concern about the absence in many States of a "reflection and recovery period", during which trafficked persons may escape the influence of traffickers, recover psychological stability to consider their options, and make an informed decision as to whether to cooperate with law enforcement authorities without the risk of being removed from the country. This period is not only an integral element of recovery, but also the fundamental first step in seeking other forms of reparations, such as compensation. The security and well-being of trafficked persons, which may be facilitated by the reflection and recovery period, is an essential prerequisite for trafficked persons in seeking compensation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Montevideo Declaration against Trafficking in Persons in MERCOSUR and Associated States was adopted in 2005. More recently, in 2008, the First International Congress of MERCOSUR and Associated States on Trafficking in Persons and Child Pornography was held, followed by the adoption of the "Conclusions and Recommendations" of the Congress.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Among the core human rights instruments, the Convention on the Rights of the Child promotes the establishment of cooperation mechanism in this field, by calling upon States parties to take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form (art. 35).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Finally, States are urged in all the key areas identified above to strengthen cooperation among Governments, international organizations and non governmental organizations in designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating preventive activities to end all forms of trafficking in persons, especially women and children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The present report illustrates how efforts to prevent trafficking in persons should address multiple factors on both the supply side and the demand side, which are often complex and intertwined. Owing to such complexity, it appears that prevention strategies are often implemented in ad hoc manner, without the underlying economic, social, cultural and political factors that create conditions of vulnerability to trafficking being taken into account. For prevention measures to be effective, they must be based on an accurate assessment of factors that increase people's vulnerability to trafficking, as well as strategies to enhance the protection of human rights of potential victims of trafficking in a comprehensive and holistic manner at all stages of their movement. This highlights the importance of consulting trafficked persons, including children, to understand what factors increase people's vulnerability to trafficking and how they may be effectively addressed. Furthermore, it makes it clear that the prevention of trafficking in persons requires concerted efforts by all stakeholders, involving not only source, transit and destination countries, but also other non-State actors with the power to influence the trafficking chain, such as businesses and civil society organizations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- SAARC, established in 1985 by Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, adopted a Regional Convention on Combating the Crime of Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution in January 2002. The Convention calls for cooperation amongst member States in dealing with various aspects of prevention, prohibition and suppression of trafficking in women and children for prostitution, and repatriation and rehabilitation of victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The Third World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, held in Brazil in November 2008, resulted in the Rio Declaration and Action Plan to Prevent and Stop the Sexual Exploitation of Child and Adolescents, setting the agenda for international efforts in that regard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Finally, in her 2009 annual report, the OSCE Special Representative makes the protection of children from trafficking her first priority. She posits the process of best interest determination as a central tool in ensuring that all aspects of the child's situation are considered, insisting that this process must especially be made a prerequisite before a child is returned or repatriated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Child victims of trafficking need specific assistance, protection and support that often differ substantially from those given to adults and they require child-specific and child-centred measures in relation to identification, protection and assistance that are based on the principles and provisions of existing human rights law (A/HRC/26/37/Add.2, paras. 39-42). In particular, appropriate procedures must be put in place to assess the best interests of the child in every case, before any decision is made regarding the child concerned, including assistance measures and eventually repatriation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 79e
- Paragraph text
- [Future mandate holders could focus on conceptual and definitional overlaps; the consequences of a human rights-based approach to trafficking; measuring the impact of anti-trafficking interventions, corruption and trafficking; and the effectiveness of victim identification tools. They should:] Continue promoting the involvement of civil society in all international and regional anti-trafficking forms, including discussions on the review mechanism for the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- States parties to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, could also be encouraged to take up the challenge of implementation more creatively, for example by opening up the deliberations of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review to some input from civil society and providing it with more substantive oversight responsibilities. Trafficking remains a difficult issue for all States and increased support aimed at helping them to meet their international obligations should be welcomed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph