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Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Thus, a brief analysis of some of the root causes of trafficking shows that there is a wide range of intertwined factors at play. One single factor such as poverty, gender discrimination or lack of employment opportunities per se does not necessarily lead to trafficking; rather, it is the combination of multiple factors that may place certain individuals at a higher risk of being trafficked. Thus, measures aimed at addressing the root causes of trafficking should be based on the recognition that trafficking is caused by a lack of comprehensive protection of such human rights, as freedom from discrimination, the right to work, the right to an adequate standard of living and freedom of movement. As an example, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) advocates for a comprehensive child protection system rather than measures that focus narrowly on trafficking. In its "system-building" approach, UNICEF promotes shifts towards building and strengthening social welfare, changing social behaviour and improving the legal and justice system for child protection in a holistic manner, based on the principles enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This approach can be offered to other groups at high risk of being trafficked, such as women or ethnic minorities, so that prevention measures are designed to protect the human rights of potential victims of trafficking in a comprehensive manner rather than focusing on alleviating one factor. Consistent with this approach, the Special Rapporteur welcomes the recent adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations Global Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons (resolution 64/293) in which Member States affirmed their commitment to adopt and implement comprehensive policies and programmes at the national level to prevent trafficking in persons in line with relevant policies and programmes on migration, education, employment, gender equality, empowerment of women and crime prevention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The provision of adequate information about migrants' rights, as well as practical advice on how to avoid risks during the migratory process and in destination countries, is also an integral aspect of promoting safe migration. While some Governments conduct pre-departure training programmes for prospective migrants, reports indicate that they often fall short of equipping prospective migrants with relevant knowledge about their rights or where to seek assistance when they encounter problems in destination countries. In this respect, some initiatives by non-governmental organizations provide useful lessons. A project aimed at promoting safe migration, implemented by an international non governmental organization in the Xishuangbanna Prefecture in China, is a good example of how a safe migration channel for children and young people has been created among the places of origin, transit and destination. In this project, the organization raises awareness of potential migrants in the place of origin (Manxixia) and nearby villages on the risks associated with migration and trafficking. The recruiters are registered and linked to the young people who are eligible for and interested in work. In the place of destination, the organization works with the community government of Liming and the youth league of Xishuangbanna Prefecture to raise migrants' awareness of the risks associated with migration, such as labour exploitation and trafficking. The community government also helps to mediate any labour disputes between migrants and their employers. In this manner, migrant children and youths are provided with a comprehensive pre- and post migration support and protection system.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In examining what the "prevention" of trafficking in persons entails, it is useful to revisit the legal framework and standards on combating such trafficking. One of the fundamental objectives of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Protocol) is to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, paying particular attention to women and children. To that end, States parties are obliged to undertake measures such as research, information and mass media campaigns and social and economic initiatives to prevent and combat trafficking in persons. Article 9 of the Palermo Protocol further provides that States parties shall adopt or strengthen various measures to alleviate the factors that make persons, especially women and children, vulnerable to trafficking, such as poverty, underdevelopment and lack of equal opportunity and to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, that leads to trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The EU has also adopted a binding instrument to regulate its action to combat trafficking in persons, the 2002 Council Framework Decision on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, followed by an action-oriented paper. These instruments explicitly refer to the adoption of a human rights-based approach, where the rights of the victims are placed at the centre and where special attention is given to certain groups, such as women, children, members of minorities and indigenous peoples. The EU went a step further and ratified the Palermo Protocol as a regional economic integration organization.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The need for this "system-building" approach may be illustrated by experiences in poverty-reduction programmes. While such programmes may be often implemented as a preventive measure, experience suggests that increasing economic empowerment alone does not necessarily reduce the incidence of trafficking. In this regard, the International Labour Organization (ILO) stresses the importance of "packaging" interventions so that measures such as microfinance and other income-generating activities are combined with measures to address other factors that create conditions in which people are vulnerable to trafficking. The ILO project to combat trafficking in children and women in the greater Mekong subregion is a good example of how various interventions were integrated into one package and successfully mitigated vulnerability to trafficking. In this project, ILO combined information-sharing, capacity-building, awareness-raising, communication campaigns and direct assistance through employment creation, vocational skills training, educational support and microcredit schemes, particularly targeting at-risk women and children and their families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- In preventing trafficking in persons, the participation of trafficked persons in designing and implementing prevention measures is critical. Policies, initiatives and programmes informed by the voices of trafficked persons will be more effective, as trafficked persons can provide crucial information about why they left their homes and what strategy or support was needed to prevent them from being trafficked. In the context of child trafficking, the participation of children is particularly important, as it empowers them to become the key actors in making decisions affecting their interests and mitigates the power imbalance of adults over children. Furthermore, the role of children is important in awareness-raising and peer-to-peer education, as children are often more willing to listen to their peers than to adults.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- There are some promising practices of meaningful participation for the trafficked persons. For instance, an ILO awareness-raising programme in Brazil, which targeted young girls at high risk, was designed on the basis of real-life experiences of women who were trafficked and repatriated. There have been also examples of self-help groups formed by returnee trafficked persons that actively design, develop and implement income-generation projects. In the context of children affected by trafficking, the guidelines of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations for the protection of the rights of trafficked children in the region led to a consultation in the Philippines with trafficked children so that their views on which measures would be appropriate to include in the guidelines could be obtained.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Notwithstanding these promising practices, it has been observed that ensuring the effective participation of trafficked persons in policymaking processes is often difficult in reality, as officials and policymakers are still unfamiliar with the idea of reflecting trafficked persons' views in Government policies. The Mekong Children's Forum on Human Trafficking and the Mekong Youth Forum illustrate this point. Both involved a series of national forums in countries in the greater Mekong subregion, followed by subregional forums where representatives of each country came together and submitted recommendations to the policymakers of the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking. At senior officials' meetings in 2007 and 2008, the member Governments expressed and reiterated their commitment to listen to the voices of the children and young people and include their suggestions for addressing human trafficking. While both Forums increased the visibility of children in policymaking processes and sensitized Government officials to the importance of children's participation, it is still unclear how their recommendations are translated into national or subregional policies on combating trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Also, in April 2009, ECOWAS Ministers adopted a Regional Policy for Protection and Assistance to Victims of Trafficking in Persons in West Africa, which aims at establishing a supportive environment in the subregion where victims of trafficking have equitable access to protection and assistance. SAARC recommended the establishment of regional uniform toll-free numbers for information on the issues relating to trafficking in women and for violence against children in member States. Within the framework of the Bali Process a number of workshops have been organized on the provision of support to victims of trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, there are encouraging signs that public-private partnerships can contribute to the prevention of trafficking, especially through the provision of vocational training and employment opportunities to vulnerable groups. In India, the Ministry of Women and Child Development has been active in promoting the public-private partnership and established the first think tank on public-private partnership to address the issue of trafficking in 2008. This led to the establishment of the Apparel Export Promotion Council to provide training in apparel production to family members of trafficking survivors. The training programme was followed by employment in factories as a means of reducing their vulnerability to trafficking. In the hospitality industry, the International Confederation of Indian Industry and the International Institute of Hotel Management provided skills training in housekeeping and in goods and beverage retail management. Following the completion of the training, the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (a government agency) and Sinar Jernih provided employment opportunities to successful candidates of this joint training programme.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- COMMIT in the Mekong region has taken relevant steps to include men and boys in the COMMIT national plans, anti-trafficking laws and MOUs that previously focused solely on women and children, thereby reinforcing certain myths and stereotypes about the issue. It has encouraged member States who are also parties to the Palermo Protocol to adopt its definition, which covers trafficking of all persons, including men, and in all its forms, including trafficking for labour exploitation, which in some sectors, such as agriculture or fishing, predominantly affects men. Furthermore, it acknowledges the differential risks to exploitation in sex-division of labour and addresses gender-based vulnerabilities to trafficking in persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, it is relevant to take into account the impact of the advancement of information and communications technology, which has contributed to the diversified modus operandi of traffickers. In particular, traffickers increasingly deploy new modes of communication on the Internet, including online advertisements and chat rooms, to lure persons for the purpose of exploitation. The Internet also expands the forms of exploitation for which persons are trafficked, as seen in the growth of child pornography on the Internet (see A/HRC/12/23) and the mail-order bride industry.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Second, in order to ensure that preventive measures achieve the desired effect while enhancing the human rights of trafficked persons, such measures should be systematically monitored and evaluated on a regular basis. Some international organizations such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and ILO have developed logical frameworks with specific performance indicators that measure progress towards goals in anti-trafficking programmes. However, there is a general lack of systematic monitoring and assessment of the impact and effectiveness of prevention measures, and many assessments commonly report only the project outputs, such as the number of people who have been exposed to awareness-raising activities or given livelihood opportunities. While such reporting may indicate progress towards project goals to some extent, it does not necessarily shed light on the qualitative impact in terms of reducing the incidence of trafficking in persons. Proper impact assessments require measuring the situation before and after the implementation of the preventive measures concerned and identifying how they affected the behavioural change in the communities concerned. In this process, it is also essential to take into account the views of the intended beneficiaries. ILO has developed a participatory monitoring system for its Project to Combat Trafficking in Children and Women in the Greater Mekong Subregion that involves relevant key stakeholders - government officials, project partners and families whose children are at risk of trafficking - in assessing the impact of its activities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- Regional cooperation instruments and plans of action should promote the ratification of international human rights law instruments, including the Palermo Protocol. In particular, they should contain a commitment by all countries to adopt the Palermo Protocol definition of human trafficking, which covers trafficking of all persons, women, children and men, and in all its forms, including for sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, slavery or practices similar to slavery, organ transplantation and other exploitative reasons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Raising the awareness of potential victims about the risks associated with trafficking is an essential part of prevention strategies. A study conducted by UNICEF showed that the vast majority of trafficked children had very little information about the risks of abuse and exploitation. This demonstrates the importance of providing potential victims of trafficking with appropriate and adequate information about the risks of human trafficking. In fact, awareness-raising campaigns targeted at potential victims of trafficking appear to be the most common prevention measures in many countries of origin, owing, perhaps, to the lower complexity of designing and implementing such campaigns. While this has resulted in a plethora of large-scale public campaigns in many countries, reports suggest that the campaigns do not always reach groups that are at higher risk, that many of them use detrimental images of women and girls and convey distorted messages about the risks involved in trafficking and that their impact is barely monitored and evaluated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- For example, in 2009 the SAARC Regional Task Force developed a Standard Operating Procedure to implement various provisions of the SAARC Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children. Other organizations have developed guidelines on specific topics of concern. For example, ASEAN has developed the Practitioner Guidelines on Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking in Persons (2007) to provide guidance to criminal justice practitioners on investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases as well as on regional cooperation in this regard. Also, the 2009 ASEAN Handbook on International Cooperation on Trafficking in Persons provides criminal justice officials with an introduction to the key tools of international cooperation, specifically mutual legal assistance and extradition in relation to trafficking cases.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- A number of initiatives have been launched to combat human trafficking in the Asia-Pacific region. ASEAN has adopted the "ASEAN Declaration against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children" (2004), followed by the adoption of a Work Plan to implement the Declaration. The main objectives of the Work Plan are to facilitate the exchange of information and experience on trafficking, strengthen regional and international cooperation to prevent and combat trafficking, and facilitate donor coordination. The Working Group on Trafficking in Persons, established under the ASEAN Senior Officials Meeting on Transnational Crime (SOMTC), is in charge of monitoring the implementation of the Work Plan. ASEAN launched its first programme, Asian Regional Cooperation to Prevent People Trafficking (ARCPPT) (2003-2006), which was implemented by the Australian Government. The Project focused on criminal justice responses to trafficking in partner countries. Following its success, the Project was extended to 2011 as the Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons Project (ARTIP).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Finally, the Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime, a consultative mechanism launched in 2002 by the Ministers of over 50 countries in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond, works on practical anti-trafficking and anti-smuggling measures in the region, through the following key approaches: promotion of cross-agency responses; developing model legislation to address human trafficking; training of law enforcement officers on the provision of protection and assistance to victims of trafficking, particularly women and children; enhancing operational techniques relating to child sex tourism.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Second, it is important to recognize that awareness-raising is never enough in itself to prevent trafficking and needs to be complemented by programmes that reduce the vulnerability of potential victims and provide them with viable alternatives. Awareness-raising campaigns implemented alone as a preventive measure are based on the assumption that increased awareness of trafficking issues will encourage people to make alternative decisions that minimize their risk of being trafficked. While this may work well in some circumstances, it disregards the dynamic "push" factors that compel people to leave home despite their knowledge of the risks. The anti-child trafficking project implemented by an international non governmental organization for children from the Egyptian community in Albania is a good example of how the provision of information was combined with efforts to reduce the vulnerability of children who are particularly at risk of being trafficked. After finding that there was a correlation between children dropping out of school and their risk of being trafficked, the organization strategically provided advice and material support to families with children at risk.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- African States have started taking coordinated action both at the regional and subregional levels. At the level of the AU, the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children, was adopted by Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Migration and Development from Africa and the EU in November 2006, at the Africa-EU Ministerial Conference on Migration and Development, held in Tripoli in the framework of the Africa-EU Strategic Partnership. The Action Plan provides specific recommendations to be implemented by Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and member States based on a three-pronged strategy: prevention of trafficking, protection of victims of trafficking and prosecution of those involved in the crime of trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- In 2000, the General Assembly adopted the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Protocol), an international legal instrument that specifically addresses trafficking in persons. It puts cooperation at the centre of the anti-trafficking response, by stating in article 2 that the purposes of the Protocol are to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, to protect and assist the victims, and to promote cooperation in order to meet these goals.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- In addition to addressing the particular risks faced by women and children, a gender-based approach also requires all stakeholders to consider the specific situation of men. Gender misconceptions often lead authorities not to consider men as possible victims of trafficking. As a consequence, men as victims of trafficking tend to be discriminated against in access to protection and assistance. This is reflected in the fact that a number of regional cooperation initiatives only cover trafficking in women and children, while trafficking in men and boys is not addressed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, the SAARC Convention calls upon its States parties to promote awareness, inter alia, through the use of the media, of the problem of trafficking in women and children and its underlying causes, including the projection of negative images of women. Also active on gender mainstreaming in relation to trafficking, COMMIT in the Mekong region has taken the stance of involving both women and men in decision-making concerning counter-trafficking policies. On that basis, UNIAP works to ensure that every level of its work, from high-level forums with senior officials to community-based initiatives, includes both women and men, and that women are represented in positions of leadership and responsibility. The OAS secretariat promotes the inclusion of a gender perspective in all aspects of its work, and encourages OAS member States to send an equal number of male and female participants to all training provided or supported by OAS.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Finally, in her 2009 annual report, the OSCE Special Representative makes the protection of children from trafficking her first priority. She posits the process of best interest determination as a central tool in ensuring that all aspects of the child's situation are considered, insisting that this process must especially be made a prerequisite before a child is returned or repatriated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In addition, it is reported that initiatives to intercept potential victims of trafficking at borders are often misguided and abusive, amounting to a violation of their freedom of movement and stigmatization of the intercepted persons in some cases. For example, girls who were intercepted at the border between Nepal and India were stigmatized upon their return to their communities because the organizations carrying out the interception were known to be involved in anti prostitution work and the girls were thus suspected of having been involved in prostitution. By the same token, some communities have established a community-level vigilance or surveillance committee to prevent trafficking in persons, particularly children. However, evidence suggests that the committees often failed to distinguish between trafficked children and other children leaving their homes to earn money elsewhere, with the result that even adolescents were stopped from migrating from extremely poor villages to seek work in other towns. Destination countries also exercise restrictive immigration control purportedly to prevent potential cases of trafficking. For example, it has been reported that many Brazilian women have been repeatedly denied entry to European Union member States because they looked like prostitutes and thus were suspected to be victims of trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Only a few organizations have started a dialogue with the tourism sector and the media at a regional level. The Bali Process includes within its priority areas the enhancement of operational techniques relating to child sex tourism. In this context, it organized workshops on combating child sex tourism in 2005 and 2006.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Aware of the fact that women and children are more exposed to the risks of trafficking, a number of regional mechanisms have taken steps to address their special situation and include gender mainstreaming and a child-centred approach in developing their strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The present report illustrates how efforts to prevent trafficking in persons should address multiple factors on both the supply side and the demand side, which are often complex and intertwined. Owing to such complexity, it appears that prevention strategies are often implemented in ad hoc manner, without the underlying economic, social, cultural and political factors that create conditions of vulnerability to trafficking being taken into account. For prevention measures to be effective, they must be based on an accurate assessment of factors that increase people's vulnerability to trafficking, as well as strategies to enhance the protection of human rights of potential victims of trafficking in a comprehensive and holistic manner at all stages of their movement. This highlights the importance of consulting trafficked persons, including children, to understand what factors increase people's vulnerability to trafficking and how they may be effectively addressed. Furthermore, it makes it clear that the prevention of trafficking in persons requires concerted efforts by all stakeholders, involving not only source, transit and destination countries, but also other non-State actors with the power to influence the trafficking chain, such as businesses and civil society organizations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Finally, States are urged in all the key areas identified above to strengthen cooperation among Governments, international organizations and non governmental organizations in designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating preventive activities to end all forms of trafficking in persons, especially women and children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Among the core human rights instruments, the Convention on the Rights of the Child promotes the establishment of cooperation mechanism in this field, by calling upon States parties to take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form (art. 35).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph