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Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- States have an obligation under international human rights law to protect against human rights abuses perpetrated by third parties, including business enterprises, within their territory and/or jurisdiction. States’ obligations to prevent and combat trafficking in persons are clearly established in international human rights instruments. For example, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits slavery and forced or compulsory labour (art. 8) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child imposes on States parties an obligation to take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form (art. 35).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the obligation of States to eliminate trafficking in persons under the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, States parties are required to adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish trafficking in persons as a criminal offence (art. 5). Under the Protocol, States parties also are required to establish comprehensive policies, programmes and other measures to prevent and combat trafficking in persons (art. 9 (1) (a)). Under the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, States are requested to effectively investigate, prosecute and adjudicate trafficking, as well as to punish individuals and legal persons found guilty of trafficking by imposing effective and proportionate sanctions (principles 13 and 15).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Under the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, ILO member States have an obligation to respect, promote and realize the principles concerning the fundamental rights which are the subject of the relevant conventions, including the elimination of forced labour, regardless of whether they have ratified those conventions. In this regard, under the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) States parties are to take effective measures to prohibit the worst forms of child labour, including child trafficking. Under the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) and Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105), States parties have the obligation to take measures to abolish forced or compulsory labour. ILO Convention No. 29 was strengthened with the approval of the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930. The Protocol outlines measures for preventing forced labour and emphasizes the need for victim protection and access to appropriate and effective remedies, such as compensation. The measures States are required to take under the Protocol include supporting due diligence by both the public and private sectors to prevent and respond to risks of forced or compulsory labour (art. 2 (e)). This obligation is further underscored in the ILO Forced Labour (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation, 2014 (No. 203), in which States are called on to provide guidance and support to employers and businesses to take effective measures to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for how they address the risks of forced or compulsory labour in their operations or in products, services or operations to which they may be directly linked (sect. 4 (j)).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Prohibition on trafficking and migration-related exploitation. International law requires States to criminalize and penalize a range of conduct related to trafficking. The obligation to criminalize trafficking when committed intentionally is set out in article 5 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Most States (168, as at October 2015) are party to the Protocol and thereby bound by this obligation. Many States are also bound by one or more of the regional trafficking treaties, such as the Council of Europe Convention and the European Union Directive cited above, which impose identical obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Prohibition on enslavement, including slavery. International law prohibits slavery, servitude and practices similar to slavery, including debt bondage and serfdom, and servile forms of marriage and exploitation of children. The prohibition on slavery (defined as "the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the rights of ownership are exercised") is one of the oldest of all international legal norms, enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and several of the specialist and regional human rights treaties. Slavery and its associated practices are identified in the international legal definition of trafficking as a "purpose" of trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Prohibition on recruitment and use of child soldiers. International law - both human rights law and international humanitarian law in their treaty and customary forms - prohibits, absolutely, the recruitment of children into armed conflict, whether by armed forces or armed groups. This prohibition forms part of a broader rule that children must not be allowed to take part in hostilities. While the definition of "child" in international law encompasses persons up to 18 years of age, most treaty-based prohibitions on the use and recruitment of child soldiers stipulate that the prohibition applies to children under the age of 15.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Prohibition of sexual exploitation. Sexual exploitation is one of the purposes of trafficking stipulated in the international legal definition. However, it is not defined in any of the specialist trafficking instruments and has no agreed definition in international law except when it involves children. There have nevertheless been various attempts to attach a particular understanding to the term in relation to specific settings. For example, in connection with its policies around sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations personnel, the Secretary-General has defined sexual exploitation as "any actual or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, differential power, or trust, for sexual purposes, including, but not limited to, profiting monetarily, socially or politically from the sexual exploitation of another". State practice would appear to support an understanding of sexual exploitation in the context of trafficking that includes a broad range of practices such as forced prostitution, forced surrogacy, forced or fraudulent marriage and all forms of commercial and other sexual exploitation of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Given the complexities surrounding trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations, which can be considered from a number of different perspectives, the range of sources of relevant law is very wide. In the human rights area, for example, treaties dealing with slavery and the slave trade, forced labour, child labour, the rights of women, the rights of children, migrant workers and persons with disabilities, as well as more general treaties dealing with civil and political rights or economic, social and cultural rights, are applicable to trafficking in all situations, including situations of armed conflict. Major crime control treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime and the United Nations Convention against Corruption are also relevant to trafficking in all situations, as are the specialist treaties dealing with the issue of trafficking, most particularly the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and, at the European level, the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings and its Explanatory Report, and the European Union Directive on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur intends to work in collaboration with other special procedures mechanisms which examine issues relating to trafficking, including but not limited to: the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants; the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences; the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography; and the Working Group on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises. The Special Rapporteur will continue to strengthen the work of the trafficking mandate while delineating its intersections with related mandates. In this regard, she will try to identify possible joint initiatives that can complement each other's work, such as joint communications on allegations of human rights violations and the issuance of joint press statements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Finally, the Special Rapporteur will be guided by the best interests of the child in all actions concerning trafficked girls and boys, whether undertaken by public or private institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies. She expects to look into existing identification, protection and assistance gaps in relation to children who have been trafficked for various purposes, with the aim of providing insights on issues such as the procedures for determining the best interests of the children, access to justice, provision of unconditional assistance and effective remedies including compensation for such children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Currently, assistance and support to exploited and trafficked persons are most commonly dependent on three main factors: a person's immigration/residence status; the initiation of criminal proceedings for the crime of trafficking; and cooperation with criminal justice actors. As a result, assistance, support and ultimately access to remedies remain out of reach for a large number of trafficked and exploited persons who are afraid of being deported or detained, and/or who distrust the authorities and are afraid of losing the possibility of pursuing their migration project. In addition, there are indications and concerns that the current set-up of most assistance and support mechanisms might result in discrimination against victims who are not willing or able to cooperate with law enforcement. Assistance and support to child victims of trafficking and other exploited and vulnerable children also require that they be provided with appropriate assistance and protection, taking full account of their human rights and special needs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In particular, protection and assistance should not be made conditional upon the capacity or willingness of victims to cooperate with law enforcement agencies, regardless of whether legal proceedings are initiated or charges pressed against their traffickers and exploiters, or whether the crime has been legally qualified as trafficking or as another or less serious crime. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur expects to further explore the need for unconditional access to a range of support services for victims of trafficking, including children, who are frequently left without assistance or the necessary support to access remedies, including compensation - a situation that exacerbates the risk of further human rights violations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur looks forward to fulfilling the requirements of her mandate, as outlined in Human Rights Council resolution 26/8, and to constructive and fruitful cooperation with diverse stakeholders in all regions of the world. She particularly emphasizes her desire for constructive engagement with United Nations Member States and encourages them to respond positively to her requests for information or for country visits, while emphasizing that the mandate remains available to provide assistance to States and to respond to their requests to the fullest extent possible. The Special Rapporteur reiterates the importance that she places on the role and views of non-governmental organizations, including in providing information to her and engaging with and assisting her fully as she conducts her work on combating trafficking in persons, especially women and children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Other regional instruments for addressing trafficking in persons are the Arab Framework Act on Combating Trafficking in Persons (2008), which serves as a platform from which to spearhead action against trafficking in persons, and the Arab Charter of Human Rights (2008), which, inter alia, prohibits trafficking in human organs; and slavery and servitude, forced labour and trafficking in persons for the purposes of prostitution or sexual exploitation or the exploitation of the prostitution of others or any other form of exploitation or the exploitation of children in armed conflict; and has extensive provisions on the right to decent work freely chosen and on the right to development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In this region, the 1994 Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) contributed to the anti-trafficking legal framework. Other instruments, such as the 2005 Montevideo Declaration against Trafficking in Persons in MERCOSUR (Common Market of the South) and Associated States, the 2008 Recommendations of the First International Congress of MERCOSUR and Associated States on Trafficking in Persons and Child Pornography, the Work Plan against Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemisphere (2010-2012, later extended for two years, and 2015-2018), the Inter-American Declaration against Trafficking in Persons ("Declaration of Brasilia", 2014) and the Brazil Declaration on a Framework for Cooperation and Regional Solidarity to Strengthen the International Protection of Refugees, Displaced and Stateless Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Cartagena+30, 2014), further consolidated regional efforts to eradicate human trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa provide the legal framework for combating trafficking in persons. Additionally, the Migration Policy Framework for Africa (2006) provides the overarching policy of the African Union on migration issues, including human trafficking. The Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children (2006) provides specific recommendations to be implemented by regional economic communities and member States on prevention of trafficking, protection of victims of trafficking and prosecution of those involved in the crime of trafficking. Furthermore, the African Union Horn of Africa Initiative on Human Trafficking and Smuggling (Khartoum Declaration, 2014) focuses on, inter alia, areas such as addressing the social, economic, environmental, cultural, security and political factors that make people vulnerable to human trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Alongside human rights due diligence standards on trafficking involving private actors, other areas of international law also contain obligations that specifically address trafficking by non-State actors. In particular, the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (United Nations Trafficking Protocol) as a Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime requires States to undertake to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and prosecute trafficking in persons by private individuals, including by providing the possibility for victims to access compensation. In considering whether a State has acted diligently, it will be relevant to consider whether it is bound by any of these other international obligations on trafficking by non-State actors, such as through the United Nations Trafficking Protocol or regional instruments. A better understanding of the content of the human rights obligations of due diligence on trafficking can also help ensure that States comply with human rights in implementing these other anti-trafficking obligations and to develop complementary protections for trafficked persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- As with all components of the due diligence standard, for due diligence requirements to be satisfied, the formal framework of protection and assistance established by the State must also be effective in practice. While formalized structures are important, current anti-trafficking measures in many contexts have emphasized such generalized measures at the expense of tailored assistance and protection to individual victims. Instead, "individual due diligence" - measures to address individual victims - requires that States must act "flexibly", in ways that take into account the particular preference and needs of victims, including special account of the most vulnerable (e.g., children).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Prior to the adoption of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (also referred to as the Palermo Protocol), trafficking in persons was addressed in various instruments, including the 1926 Slavery Convention, the 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, and the 1949 Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others. Other international normative documents also contain provisions against trafficking of persons, such as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child and its 2000 Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- In December 2003, the Palermo Protocol entered into force and has since been ratified by many States. The purposes of the Protocol are to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, paying particular attention to women and children; to protect and assist the victims of trafficking, with full respect for their human rights; and to promote cooperation among States parties in order to meet those objectives. UNODC offers practical help to States in the implementation of the Protocol, giving guidance for the drafting of laws and the creation of comprehensive national anti-trafficking strategies, and assisting with resources to implement them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- ILO Convention No. 189 (2011) concerning decent work for domestic workers, which entered into force in 2013, and its Recommendation No. 201 extend basic labour rights to domestic workers, including those in private households, who are without clear terms of employment, unregistered and excluded from the scope of labour legislation. It stresses States' duty of diligence in effectively eliminating child labour and sets a minimum age for domestic workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- While the Special Rapporteur intends to accord priority to those thematic areas, she will also continue to follow up on thematic concerns addressed by her predecessors, such as the issue of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, including of children, especially as a consequence of conflicts, and in connection with labour exploitation, including domestic servitude.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Subregional initiatives include the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Declaration on the Fight against Trafficking in Persons (2001) and the ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons (2002-2003). Subsequent plans of action against trafficking in persons have also been adopted. Moreover, the ECOWAS and Economic Community of Central African States biregional Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2006-2009), the related resolution and a multilateral cooperation agreement have further strengthened subregional initiatives to curb trafficking. The biregional Plan of Action reaffirmed the ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action and extended efforts to combat trafficking into the Central African region. In addition, the Southern African Development Community Plan of Action to combat trafficking in persons, the revised African Union Plan of Action on Drug Control and Crime Prevention (2007-2012 and 2013-2017) can be cited as examples of subregional initiatives. Joint cooperation between intergovernmental organizations, such as between the United Nations and the African Union, in the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization or within the Commonwealth can be cited as joint actions to address human trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The exercise of due diligence requires that remedies for victims be available and effective. As well as being an obligation under article 5 of the United Nations Trafficking Protocol, the criminalization of trafficking is a core component of a State's due diligence obligations, including to protect victims, prevent future trafficking, and provide the necessary structures to investigate, prosecute and adjudicate trafficking cases. Accordingly, States also have due diligence obligations relating to the investigation and prosecution of suspected traffickers. However, in practice, while more than 90 per cent of States have legislation criminalizing trafficking in persons, "this legislation does not always comply with the [United Nations Trafficking] Protocol, or does not cover all forms of trafficking and their victims, leaving far too many children, women and men vulnerable. Even where legislation is enacted, implementation often falls short." Such problems in implementation constitute a failure of States' obligations to criminalize, investigate and punish trafficking in persons and deny victims access to justice. Particular gaps in criminalization also persist in the areas of trafficking for the purposes of organ removal and other forms of exploitation, including for committing crime, for begging, forced marriages and armed conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- A number of initiatives have been launched to combat trafficking in persons in the Asia-Pacific region, including the Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution, adopted by the States members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in 2002. In addition, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) launched its first programme, the Asia Regional Cooperation to Prevent People Trafficking Project (2003-2006), which was implemented by the Government of Australia. The Project focused on criminal justice responses to trafficking in partner countries. Following its success, the Project was extended in 2011 as the Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons Project. ASEAN also adopted the ASEAN Declaration Against Trafficking in Persons Particularly Women and Children (2004), followed by the adoption of a work plan to implement the Declaration. An ASEAN convention on trafficking in persons and a regional plan of action are expected to be finalized and adopted in 2015.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Child victims of trafficking need specific assistance, protection and support that often differ substantially from those given to adults and they require child-specific and child-centred measures in relation to identification, protection and assistance that are based on the principles and provisions of existing human rights law (A/HRC/26/37/Add.2, paras. 39-42). In particular, appropriate procedures must be put in place to assess the best interests of the child in every case, before any decision is made regarding the child concerned, including assistance measures and eventually repatriation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- To that end, the Special Rapporteur will advocate a human rights-based and victim-centred approach to promote and protect the human rights of victims of trafficking, especially women and children, guided by international human rights law and standards, including the OHCHR Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Since the inception of the mandate, both mandate holders have upheld the international legal definition of trafficking, affirming its central role in establishing the parameters of trafficking and enabling responses to be developed with consistency and clarity. That definition is now well entrenched in international, regional and national normative frameworks developed since the adoption of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. The majority of States (reported in 2012 by UNODC to be 134 ) have criminalized trafficking in their national laws, generally conforming to the definition in the Protocol.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- As noted above, international understanding of the nature and scope of trafficking has expanded significantly in the past several decades. It is now widely accepted that women, men and children are trafficked and that the forms of trafficking are as varied as the potential for profit or other personal gain. This development is highly significant from the perspective of international law because it brings within the relevant legal framework a wide range of exploitative conduct, much of which has been poorly or selectively regulated at both national and international levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary 2014, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The work of the mandate holders has confirmed that the problem of human trafficking continues to be endemic in all parts of the world. While awareness of trafficking and of relevant rights and obligations has improved significantly, it has not resulted in substantial improvements on the ground. Large numbers of women, men and children continue to be exploited; very few receive support, protection or redress; few of the perpetrators are apprehended; and in every country the number of prosecutions remains stubbornly low. It is thus pertinent to draw out the challenges that are likely to be of particular concern to the international community and to the holders of the mandate as it evolves in the future.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph