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Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Conflict influences the form and nature of trafficking in different ways. The severity of trafficking-related exploitation appears to be high when it occurs during conflict, and may be even greater in post-conflict situations, enhanced by conditions that are themselves a cause or consequence of conflict, such as impunity and an increase in generalized violence. Certain forms of trafficking-related exploitation, such as forced military recruitment of both children and adults, are either specific to conflict or more prevalent in situations of conflict. Sexual exploitation is another form of trafficking that intersects with the dynamics of situations of conflict, including the use of proceeds from the trafficking, trading and ransoming individuals to purchase arms and pay fighters, which perpetuates the cycle of violence against civilians.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69c
- Paragraph text
- All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:Ensure free-of-charge birth and marriage registration of nationals and non-nationals fleeing conflict, including in internally displaced person and refugee camps, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations, in order to prevent or address potential trafficking in children for sexual and other forms of exploitation and the exploitation of the labour of individuals, particularly underage children and women;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 77c
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Recruitment modalities employed by extremist groups, especially with respect to children and their use as combatants, sexual slaves, human shields or suicide bombers;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 66a
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Prevent trafficking in persons, especially targeting unaccompanied children such as orphans, children left behind by parents fleeing conflict and children moving alone to flee conflict areas, in cooperation with national civil society organizations, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- However, conflict influences the form and nature of trafficking in different ways. First, the severity of trafficking-related exploitation appears to be greater when it occurs during or, indeed, after conflict, enhanced by conditions that are themselves a cause or consequence of conflict, such as impunity and increased, generalized violence. Second, certain forms of trafficking-related exploitation are either particular to conflict or more prevalent in situations of conflict, such as forced military recruitment of both children and adults. Sexual exploitation is another form of trafficking that intersects with the dynamics of situations of conflict, including the use of proceeds from trafficking, trading and ransoming individuals to purchase arms and pay fighters, which perpetuates the cycle of violence against civilians.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 64c
- Paragraph text
- [All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:] Ensure free-of-charge birth and marriage registration of nationals and non-nationals fleeing conflict, including in internally displaced person and refugee camps, in cooperation with United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations, in order to prevent or address potential trafficking in children for sexual and other forms of exploitation and the exploitation of the labour of individuals, particularly underage children and women;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 72d
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] The link between organized crime and all forms of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, as a result of a weak rule of law during and following conflicts;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 71a
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Prevent trafficking in persons, especially targeting isolated children such as orphans, children left behind by parents fleeing conflict, children moving alone to flee conflict areas or those in camps, in cooperation with civil society organizations, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 77d
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] The link between organized crime and all forms of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, as a result of weak rule-of-law situations during and following conflicts;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 77h
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Early identification of cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the context of massive influxes of migrants as a result of conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 64a
- Paragraph text
- [All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:] Protect people, particularly children, women and minority groups in conflict-affected areas and people fleeing conflict, from all forms of trafficking in persons;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- The media should be adequately sensitized about the linkage between trafficking in persons, especially women and children, and conflict, and should be aware of its gender dimension, in order to be able to report correctly about incidents of trafficking affecting girls, boys, women and men living in such circumstances.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 71d
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Ban administrative detention of children, in particular, but not only, for violations of immigration laws and regulations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the United Nations should ensure that child trafficking is linked to the six grave violations and abuses against children. Such violations should be taken into consideration as grounds on which to bar countries that are repeatedly listed in the annual reports of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict as being involved in such violations from contributing troops to United Nations operations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 66b
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Adopt proactive measures to protect children caught in conflict that are based on the best interest of the child and in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, when indications of child trafficking or risk of child trafficking are identified;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 66c
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Recognize the specific vulnerability of trafficked girls or potential victims of trafficking for sexual and labour exploitation in conflict and post-conflict situations and take measure to reduce the vulnerabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 71b
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Adopt proactive measures to protect children caught in conflict that are based on the best interest of the child and in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, when indications of child trafficking or risk of child trafficking are identified;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 71c
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Recognize the specific vulnerability of trafficked girls or potential victims of trafficking for sexual and labour exploitation in conflict and post-conflict situations and take measures to reduce their vulnerabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69g
- Paragraph text
- All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:Establish and/or adapt national procedures for assistance and protection services for victims and potential victims of trafficking in persons, including gender- and child-sensitive measures, to detect trafficking cases and indications of the risk of trafficking in all locations where there are large influxes of refugees and migrants, including hotspots, reception centres and administrative detention centres for migrants;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 64g
- Paragraph text
- [All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:] Establish and/or adapt national referral mechanisms for assistance and protection services, including gender- and child-sensitive measures, for victims and potential victims of trafficking in persons, involving national authorities and civil society organizations in the decision-making, especially relating to the identification and protection of victims and potential victims;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 72g
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Early identification of cases of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the context of massive influxes of migrants as a result of conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 72c
- Paragraph text
- [Concerned governmental institutions, law enforcement authorities, civil society organizations, academia, United Nations agencies and programmes and international organizations should undertake further research on the different forms of trafficking in persons in relation to conflict and post-conflict situations, including on:] Recruitment modalities employed by extremist groups, especially with respect to children and their use as combatants, sexual slaves, human shields or suicide bombers;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 69a
- Paragraph text
- All States, particularly those hosting potential victims of trafficking among persons fleeing conflict, should:Protect people, particularly children, women and minority groups in conflict-affected areas and people fleeing conflict, from all forms of trafficking in persons;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 66d
- Paragraph text
- [States hosting, among persons fleeing conflict, children who may have been or are at risk of being victims of trafficking in persons should:] Ban administrative detention of children, in particular but not only for violations of immigration laws and regulations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations should ensure that child trafficking is linked to the six grave violations and abuses against children. Such violations should be taken into consideration as a ground on which to bar countries repeatedly listed in the annual reports of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict as being involved in those violations from contributing troops to United Nations operations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Children trafficked into forced military service perform a variety of combatant and supportive roles. Many children, typically boys, are forcibly recruited or kidnapped for use by armed militias in ongoing conflicts. Children are also used as suicide bombers and human shields. For instance in Iraq, ISIL and other extremist groups traffic boys and young men, including members of the Yazidi minority, into armed conflict, radicalize them to commit terrorist acts using deception, death threats or the offer of money and women as rewards. Others are compelled to work as porters, cooks, guards and messengers or are forced to commit crimes, such as looting and physical and sexual violence. Boys and girls in these situations are often sexually abused and may also be forced to take drugs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In post-conflict situations, the association between military, peacekeeping, humanitarian and other international personnel and private contractors, organized crime and the growth of trafficking in women and children for sexual exploitation has raised global concerns. It has been reported that an international presence fuels the demand for work and services produced through trafficking and exploitation, in particular sexual services and forced labour. Various factors, such as a vulnerable population and fragile/non-existent institutions, including weak law enforcement, can combine to create a climate of impunity in which international personnel involved in criminal exploitation and trafficking are not investigated, apprehended or prosecuted. Moreover, unclear contractors' engagement regulations are likely to fuel abusive practices the dynamics of which have not yet been fully understood, such as deceptive recruitment practices in countries of origin, followed by exploitative employment by military contractors in conflict areas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- While forcible recruitment of children often involves abduction or coercion, recruiters also appeal to notions of martyrdom or social and economic factors or employ trickery or indoctrination to enlist children. There are instances where the Internet, particularly social media, has been used by extremist groups to exploit the vulnerability of young educated children from middle class families in Western countries to recruit them using deception. Moreover, children are especially vulnerable to being trafficked into military service if they are separated from their families, are displaced from their homes, live in combat areas or have limited access to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Conflict-related violence, such as sexual violence, can itself be a driver of forced internal displacement, which in turn increases vulnerability to further exploitation, including through trafficking. For instance, sexual violence by armed groups has forced ethnic minority women and girls in remote rural areas away from their communities and placed them at greater risk of trafficking within the country as well as overseas. Additionally, worsening security situations and overcrowded camps with inadequate basic services cause some internally displaced persons to risk crossing borders in an irregular manner in search of employment, putting themselves at high risk of exploitation because of their lack of legal status. Military attacks on camps further worsens displacement and causes undocumented internally displaced persons, including women and unaccompanied children, to flee their camps, exposing them to the risk of being exploited or trafficked.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- For the millions of people who are forced to flee their country because of armed conflict, the journey of escape has become increasingly expensive and hazardous, with a tangible risk of trafficking-related exploitation. Sometimes these dangers relate to the available paths of escape. Throughout their journey and at their destination, migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers, are highly vulnerable to physical violence, sexual assault, extortion and trafficking, as well as detention by national authorities. The journey of female migrants and unaccompanied children travelling through the Horn of Africa is particularly hazardous. Thousands have disappeared, presumably abducted for purposes of exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph