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Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- States are obligated to protect the right to health of individuals from interference by third parties. Recruitment agencies, which are mostly private enterprises, are typically the first point of contact in the formal migration process for low-skilled migrant workers, many of whom are illiterate and poor. They provide information to migrant workers about job opportunities and living and work conditions in receiving States for a fee. They also arrange documentation necessary for migration, thus playing a crucial role in guiding migrant workers through important phases of migration. Dependence on recruitment agencies may render migrant workers vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, necessitating regulation of recruitment agencies by sending States.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Many receiving States require migrant workers to undergo compulsory medical testing for certain conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and pregnancy as part of their immigration policy. Though quite a few countries have eased HIV-related travel restrictions, compulsory testing for HIV for residence and work, especially for low-skilled migrant workers, continues in over 40 countries. This is despite commitment by States to enact legislation eliminating all forms of discrimination against persons living with HIV and recommendations against compulsory tests for migrant workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, test results are passed on to employers or recruitment agencies without the migrant worker's consent, breaching the requirement of confidentiality and contrary to international recommendations. Additionally, pre- and post-test counselling protocols may not be followed, even when required by law. A right to health approach, however, requires that counselling, voluntary testing and treatment be treated as a health-care continuum. Migrant workers who test positive for HIV may remain in an irregular situation, making them more vulnerable to abuse by employers and less likely to access medical treatment. In cases of pregnancy, women may resort to risky illegal abortion to avoid deportation. Further, compulsory testing stigmatizes those who are deported based on positive test results.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Detention centres are often overcrowded, lack basic standards of hygiene, nutritious food and water. They have been described as centres of abuse and violence against migrant workers. Long periods of detention and poor living conditions in detention centres facilitate the transmission of communicable diseases and can have a devastating effect on the mental health of migrant workers. Health-care services in some detention centres are reportedly unavailable, difficult to access and of poor quality, which is particularly concerning for migrant workers detained due to health status. Migrant workers living with HIV have faced stigmatization and harassment as a result of lack of confidentiality in detention. Where States persist with immigration detention, they should, at the minimum, provide detainees with adequate living conditions, consensual medical check-ups and make quality and confidential physical and mental health facilities available and accessible in a timely manner.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 76h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that sending and receiving States take the following steps in order to realize the right to health of migrant workers:] Delink access to health facilities, goods and services from the legal status of migrant workers and ensure that preventative, curative and emergency health facilities, goods and services are available and accessible to all migrant workers, including irregular migrant workers, in a non-discriminatory manner. States should endeavour to prevent treatment interruption for migrant workers and remove barriers to accessing health care, such as those that are linguistic, cultural, administrative and employment-related;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 76l
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that sending and receiving States take the following steps in order to realize the right to health of migrant workers:] Prevent the detention and deportation of migrant workers based on their health status and ensure the provision of care and treatment to such migrant workers at the first instance. At minimum, States should ensure that migrant workers are not deported without referral for treatment or to States where the required treatment is not available and accessible;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination and prejudice based on gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status intersect, causing chronic stress and making migrant domestic workers a highly vulnerable and marginalized group. Owing to their vulnerability, isolation and dependence, migrant domestic workers experience a range of violations which negate their enjoyment of the right to health and its underlying determinants. Violations include food and sleep deprivation, denial of medical treatment, squalid living conditions, non-payment of wages, excessive work hours (increasing the risk of accidents) and psychological, physical and sexual abuse. Cardiovascular, endocrine, skin, musculoskeletal, and psychological conditions have also been documented among migrant domestic workers, with worst cases resulting in death, including suicide.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Migrant domestic workers are frequently excluded or inadequately covered by the receiving State's labour laws and social protections, including health insurance. Sponsorship systems, debt, language barriers, fear of arrest, detention or deportation and a lack of effective recourse for violations interact to varying degrees in different receiving States to facilitate the systematic exploitation and abuse of domestic workers. The situation of some migrant domestic workers has even been described as "modern-day slavery". In order to fulfil the right to health, States are obligated to address the particular vulnerability of migrant domestic workers under labour, occupational health and safety and social protection laws.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is pleased to observe the adoption by the International Labour Office (ILO) in 2011 of Domestic Workers Convention No. 189 and Recommendation No. 201, which details requirements for protection from harassment and violence, occupational health and safety, written contracts and protection under labour laws. This follows general comment No. 1 (2010) on migrant domestic workers of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, which pays particular attention to the vulnerability of migrant domestic workers throughout the different stages of migration. Implementation of these instruments would provide greater protection to migrant domestic workers at all stages of the migration process, thereby creating an enabling environment consistent with the obligation to fulfil the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Ensuring continuous access to treatment and medicines on a non-discriminatory basis is crucial to the right to health framework. Migratory processes and pressures can expose migrant workers to increased risk of contracting communicable diseases particularly HIV. There is therefore a need to ensure that continuous treatment is available to these populations throughout the entire process. Treatment interruptions, lack of follow-up and treatment failures are documented at higher rates among migrants than the stationary population. Some States have adopted regional frameworks, such as the Ibero-American Social Security Convention, and bilateral social security agreements to ensure "portability" of social security, including health-care benefits, from sending to receiving States, which allows migrant workers to enjoy such benefits, independent of their immigration status. States are encouraged to adopt such approaches with respect to access to treatment for chronic diseases, such as HIV, in order to maximize adherence rates in both sending and receiving States.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The International Labour Organization (ILO), through various conventions and recommendations places obligations on States and certain duties to recruitment agencies, requiring them to take steps to prevent abuse and exploitation of migrant workers. It focuses on occupational health and safety of migrant workers and recommends measures to promote reunification of families, which can have a positive effect on mental health as it provides social support to migrant workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Some States prohibit agencies from recruiting workers or a class of workers, such as domestic workers, to countries or employers who habitually deprive migrants of adequate rest, nutritious food, medical care and sleep. However, as this may result in migrant workers seeking riskier routes to foreign employment, sending States should ensure that bilateral agreements with receiving States provide for strong protections and enforcement mechanisms against abuse and exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 76c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that sending and receiving States take the following steps in order to realize the right to health of migrant workers:] Encourage collection of disaggregated data by age and gender of all migrant workers, to assess their level of health-related knowledge, health needs and occupational injuries and deaths, including suicide, and accordingly inform policies regarding migrant workers. Such information should be protected by adequate data protection measures to ensure privacy and confidentiality of the data;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- The right to health framework is primarily grounded in article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which recognizes the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of mental and physical health. General comment No. 14 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights elaborates upon, and interprets, the right to health. It mandates States to respect, protect and fulfil the right to health of everyone, including migrant workers. States are also required to improve the underlying determinants of health - prerequisites for the realization of the right to health - such as education, nutritious food, potable water, adequate sanitation, and safe and healthy work and living conditions. Migration should be seen as an underlying determinant, as the processes of pre-departure and reintegration in sending States, and arrival, stay and integration in receiving States determine health outcomes of migrant workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- By mandating that non-discrimination inform all aspects of State policy, the right to health framework does not allow for any distinction between regular and irregular migrant workers on the one hand, and nationals of States, on the other. In this aspect it differs from the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families which allows irregular migrant workers access to health facilities, goods and services only when urgently needed. Non-discrimination requires that socio-economic rights, such as access to health facilities, goods and services, be equally available to nationals and non-nationals, including irregular migrant workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Each State involved in the migration process should comply with its obligation to respect, protect and fulfil the right to health of all persons within its jurisdiction, including migrant workers. Bilateral agreements and non-binding memoranda of understanding between States are commonly used to govern labour corridors and terms and conditions to be abided by them. The regulatory structure contained in such arrangements should be enforceable and reflect principles of the right to health, especially non-discrimination, empowerment, participation, transparency and accountability of State and non-State actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Accordingly, States should ensure the participation of migrant workers, including irregular migrant workers, in the formulation, implementation, monitoring and enforcement of laws and policies, including in the negotiation of bilateral agreements. As trade unions are considered fundamental in promoting workers rights, including occupational health, regular and irregular migrant workers, should be encouraged to participate in or form unions. Effective participation, especially of irregular workers requires positive measures by States to create an environment in which these groups can participate without fear of sanctions. Access to timely and accurate information is a prerequisite to meaningful participation in health-related decision-making.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- States, including receiving States, should ensure involvement of migrant workers in decision-making processes and awareness-raising strategies, particularly in relation to accessing health services. Participation will also raise awareness among potential migrant workers about issues such as migration stress factors, illegal recruiting practices, their rights in sending and receiving States and obligations of foreign employers. Community participation will assist in making health services culturally and linguistically appropriate for migrant workers. In some States, civil society organizations have successfully involved migrant workers in outreach and referral programmes resulting in culturally and linguistically appropriate information for migrant workers, thus encouraging community-led initiatives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Information about costs assumed in the migration process, recruitment agencies, terms and conditions of work in and practical information about receiving States, potential dangers and benefits of migrating to a particular country, risks associated with migration and employment and ways to counter them should be provided before a commitment to migrate has been made. Potential migrant workers should also be made aware about policies of receiving States, such as compulsory health testing, entitlement to and accessing health-care services. Common methods to spread such information have included issuing warnings, publishing a list of licensed and blacklisted agencies on websites and in newspapers and mass media information campaigns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The right to health obligates States to protect migrant workers against non-State parties that restrict their access to health care. Migrant workers are often refused health services, particularly specialized referral services on the basis of income qualification, and sometimes even because of incomplete paperwork. For irregular migrant workers, administrative barriers associated with their uncertain legal status are often an impediment to health care. Additionally, issues such as limited office hours or caps on the number of applications processed, may also act as barriers to access.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The fear of detention and deportation prevents migrant workers from accessing health care, which may endanger their health and that of the broader population, thereby undermining public health justifications for detention and deportation. Further, employers may misuse laws providing for detention and deportation to exploit migrant workers. Fear of detention and deportation renders migrant workers more vulnerable and unable to enjoy the right to health and its underlying determinants. To fulfil the right to health of migrant workers, States should try to develop alternative detention policies more in line with the right to health. Additionally, without referral for counselling and treatment, deported migrant workers may also face difficulties in accessing health facilities, goods and services upon return to the sending State.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Some States deport women migrant workers who are found to be pregnant during compulsory medical testing. The women concerned may also be exposed to greater vulnerability in both sending and receiving States because of the stigma attached to pregnancy outside of marriage in many societies. The practice of forced contraceptive injections have been reported during pre-departure in some sending States. Such practices encroach upon rights to privacy, informed consent, confidentiality, dignity and non-discrimination and act as an impediment to seeking assistance from police or health systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Higher abortion rates among migrant workers have been linked to low awareness about and socioeconomic barriers to accessing contraception and family planning services. In countries which permit abortion but which prohibit migrant workers from becoming pregnant, the result is unequal access to legal reproductive health services due to apprehension of job loss and deportation, leading to risky treatment delays and unsafe abortions. Where abortion is criminalized, resort to unsafe abortion is also driven by the threat of criminal prosecution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 76n
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that sending and receiving States take the following steps in order to realize the right to health of migrant workers:] Encourage the establishment of migrant workers associations and trade unions to ensure effective representation and participation of migrant workers, including irregular and returnee migrant workers, in the formulation, implementation, monitoring and enforcement of laws and policies, including outreach and referral programmes, pre-departure sessions and social support groups.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Occupational health is integral to the right to health. States should ensure that occupational health laws and policies address the unique vulnerabilities of migrant workers in dirty, dangerous and degrading (3D) industries and are implemented, monitored and enforced. The vulnerability of migrant workers in 3D jobs may be further intensified in cases of irregular migrant workers, who, due to their legal status are in a weaker position to negotiate their rights with employers. Furthermore, lax enforcement of laws and mechanisms like sponsorship systems in some countries, encourage exploitative practices. Sponsorship ties a migrant's authorization to work with one specific employer, and in some States, sponsorship gives an employer the power to refuse a migrant worker's request to transfer to another employer - such transfer may be sought due to abusive or unsafe working conditions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Difficulties commonly experienced by migrant workers in accessing health care are exacerbated for farm workers because of high mobility driven by seasonal work and rural or remote settings. The migrant and community health centre is a successful model for providing physically and economically accessible health care for migrant farm workers. Programmes and services are tailored to a mobile multicultural population by way of outreach clinics, community health workers, patient navigation systems, out-of-hours services and low-literacy education. Participation has been key to the success of such centres, with a requirement that 51 per cent of governing board members be from the community.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- States should undertake a gender analysis to identify and address health vulnerabilities of female migrant workers resulting from different biological and sociocultural factors that influence their health. Women comprise a significant percentage of migrant workers but often face greater health vulnerabilities due to gender inequalities. Poverty, family responsibilities and barriers to education and information make women more vulnerable before departing; while violence against women is pervasive during transit in some regions. Systematic exploitation and abuse within informal industries dominated by migrant women, such as domestic work and sex work, stems from and reinforces women's vulnerability during the migration process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- In some cases, even where prohibited under the laws of the sending States, outbound migrant workers may be subjected to compulsory testing because the receiving State may require it before granting work permits to migrant workers. Policies of receiving States that require compulsory tests for exclusively incoming migrant workers may be additionally discriminatory if similarly situated foreign nationals such as tourists or even diplomats may not be required to undergo compulsory testing.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Policies linking access to health systems with immigration control discriminate against irregular migrants. In some countries, health-care providers are required, under threat of criminal sanction, to report irregular migrants to immigration authorities, which may lead to detention and deportation. As a result, instead of seeking formal channels of care, irregular migrant workers resort to unsafe and illegal options. This renders them vulnerable to abuse, exploitation and increased health risks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The provision of on-site training and protective equipment is necessary for the enjoyment of the right to a healthy working environment. Migrant construction workers often enter construction sites without appropriate training or sufficient protective equipment, for example safety ropes when working from heights. Further, instruction or training may not be provided in a language understandable to migrant workers, which may lead to greater occupational injuries and death among migrant workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph