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Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- Beyond sheer survival, children have a right to thrive, develop in a holistic way to their full potential and enjoy good physical and mental health in a sustainable world. The right of young children to healthy development is crucial to promote and protect the right to health throughout life as well as to foster sustainable human development; however it has not yet received adequate attention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 112d
- Paragraph text
- [In this connection, the Special Rapporteur urges Governments:] To ban corporal punishment of children in all settings, including in families, and to continue informing parents, policymakers and the general public that corporal punishment of children as well as all other forms of violence are against human rights and have serious detrimental effects on the health and development of young children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 112c
- Paragraph text
- [In this connection, the Special Rapporteur urges Governments:] To introduce legal and policy measures that promote effective interventions to improve the quality of relationships between young children and parents, to promote the competence of parents and to equip and support them with skills for bringing up young children in a non-violent way;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also recommends that paediatricians, other medical doctors and health professionals play a more proactive role in educating families and other key actors about the health-related aspects of human rights of young children, including their right to healthy development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- The health, survival and healthy development of young children must be placed at the centre of the implementation of post-2015 agenda and other global, regional and national commitments and actions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 112e
- Paragraph text
- [In this connection, the Special Rapporteur urges Governments:] To initiate, support and sustain changes in child health-care policies and services so that the right of young children to healthy development is fully recognized;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 112j
- Paragraph text
- [In this connection, the Special Rapporteur urges Governments:] To continue to implement the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children and to eliminate long-term placement of young children in institutional care;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 112l
- Paragraph text
- [In this connection, the Special Rapporteur urges Governments:] To comply fully with the standards contained in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and eliminate outdated practices based on institutional care and excessive medication of young children with developmental and other disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 112k
- Paragraph text
- [In this connection, the Special Rapporteur urges Governments:] To eliminate institutional care for children during the first five years of life and promote investments in community-based services for families at risk, including for families living in poverty and those with young children with developmental and other disabilities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Unhealthy foods, non-communicable diseases and the right to health 2014, para. 65b
- Paragraph text
- [With a view to ensuring their obligation to realize the right to health of vulnerable groups such as children, women and low-income groups, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States take the following steps:] Formulate and implement health education programmes to promote healthy food options in such institutional settings as schools, health or youth centres and workplaces by involving children, parents and employees, respectively;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of the Child provides for the protection of the right to health of young persons under the age of 18. Article 24 of the Convention affirms the right to health as established in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is especially relevant given the importance of sexual and reproductive health to the lives of young women and men. The Convention urges States to ensure prenatal and post-natal care for mothers, develop family planning education and services and ensure the elimination of traditional practices that are "prejudicial to the health of children".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- States have a legally binding obligation to ensure the participation of rights holders in priority-setting; legislative and policy development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; and accountability for the realization of the right to health and the holistic development of the young child. All segments of the population, including the most marginalized, must be empowered to participate (A/HRC/27/31, paras. 28-30). States must create an enabling environment for participation, for example by enhancing the knowledge and awareness of stakeholders, including the parents of young children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The right to mental health 2017, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur highlights the devastating impact that institutionalization has on young children, particularly on their mental health and holistic development. Mental health-related services for children receive inadequate investment and lack quality standards of care and staffing, thus creating an environment where abuse is common for children with disabilities or with difficulties in social and emotional development, especially for those in institutional care. There are many examples of innovative child mental health services and practices throughout the world and there is convincing research on their effectiveness in promoting mental health and preventing deterioration in mental health conditions. However, those good practices often serve merely as pilot projects, owing to a lack of political will to replicate and mainstream them in general childcare services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Youth
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of the Child provides a comprehensive normative and legally binding framework to address the right to health and the holistic development of the young child. States have legally binding obligations to adopt and implement laws, regulations, policies, budgetary measures, programmes and other initiatives to ensure the respect, protection and fulfilment of the right to health, including healthy development, in early childhood.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- The right to health is subject to progressive realization and resource constraints. This means that the right to health does not have to be realized immediately; rather, States must take effective and targeted measures towards the progressive realization of the right to health, including for the young child. This is similar to the concept of "progressive improvement" found in the Declaration of Alma-Ata. Progressive realization and resource availability also acknowledge the differences between high- and low-income countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- The human rights approach, together with the modern understanding of public health, warns against typifying violence into severe forms and those forms which are considered to be "milder" and thus perceived as not harmful. That can lead to the proliferation of practices which are justified as being "mild" forms of violence and thus tolerated or even recommended, such as domestic violence against women, female genital mutilation or the institutional care of young children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) defines sex workers as "female, male and transgender adults and young people who receive money or goods in exchange for sexual services, either regularly or occasionally, and who may or may not consciously define those activities as income-generating". It is noted, however, that no single term adequately covers the range of transactions worldwide that involve sex work (the term "sex worker" is increasingly used within the sector, as it is considered less stigmatizing and a better descriptor of workers' experiences than the word "prostitute").
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- States that implement and enforce criminal or other laws to restrict access to sexual and reproductive health information actively reduce access to information and therefore do not meet their obligation to respect the right to health. As a consequence of such laws and the stigma they generate, third parties, such as teachers, publishers, or booksellers may also deny women and girls access to necessary sexual and reproductive health materials. The obligation of States to fulfil the right to health requires that they develop strategies to ensure that comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education and information is provided to everyone, especially women and young girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Palliative care for young children is an obligatory part of health-care services, beginning when the illness is diagnosed and continuing regardless of whether or not a child receives curative treatment. Young children in need of palliative care have the right to receive the necessary physical, social, psychosocial and spiritual care to ensure their development and promote their best possible quality of life. Symptom management and pain relief are central to children's palliative care. Health systems must have adequately trained professionals to assess and treat pain in children of different ages and developmental stages and ensure the availability of paediatric diagnostic procedures and palliative care medicines in paediatric formulations. Palliative care for children must also involve ongoing support to the child's family throughout the course of treatment and, should the disease be the cause of death, into bereavement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Inequalities and discrimination obstruct equitable healthy development and educational attainment among young children from marginalized groups, including persons living in poverty, minority and indigenous groups, the girl child, persons with disabilities, persons in underserved areas such as rural populations, refugees, internally displaced children and children living in areas affected by conflict. Inequalities and discrimination ultimately contribute to health and other inequalities later in life and to the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- One-size-fits-all policies designed for children or youth often fail to address adolescents, particularly 10-14 year-olds. Lack of awareness or understanding of their unique health needs can render adolescents invisible. Adolescents face multiple barriers to health services, including the following: restrictive laws and policies; unavailability of contraception or safe abortions; inaccessible services owing to lack of information, distance or cost; failure to ensure privacy and confidentiality; parental consent or notification requirements; provision of services in a manner that is disrespectful, hostile, judgemental or lacking sympathy; and discrimination against particular groups of adolescents, including those with disabilities, those living and working on the streets or in the sex trade and those from historically marginalized groups. States have positive human rights obligations to guarantee adolescents' rights and meaningfully engage with them in identifying their needs and priorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- The nature of adolescents' mental health needs differs from that of adults and requires targeted services. However, a national health system of well-functioning, effective and adolescent-friendly services remains the exception rather than the rule. Less than one third of low- and middle-income countries have a designated youth mental health entity and most lack youth-focused mental health policies. Where they do exist, they often fail to meet quality standards and may even be harmful to the health and development of adolescents. Adolescents may be detained for a long time in overcrowded, in-patient facilities where little attempt is made at rehabilitation or social integration. These approaches violate adolescents' human rights and worsen, rather than ameliorate, mental health conditions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Protection of the human rights of those participating in sport and physical activity is a State obligation under the right to health. There are numerous documented instances of health rights abuses within competitive sport: the General Assembly has acknowledged with concern "the dangers faced by sportsmen and sportswomen, in particular young athletes, including, inter alia, child labour, violence, doping, early specialization, overtraining and exploitative forms of commercialization, as well as less visible threats and deprivations, such as the premature severance of family bonds and the loss of sporting, social and cultural ties".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- The harms associated with drug use and involvement in the drug trade cannot be disentangled from State responses. Evidence shows that repressive and punitive responses to drugs have not been effective in reducing drug use or supply and that they have produced negative consequences, including violence and corruption. Criminalization of drug use and personal possession, as well as drug user registries and police violence, drive young people from services, producing a health-deterrent effect. Prevention and education programmes that focus on zero tolerance create an environment where adolescents may be less likely to seek information about harms related to use. Adolescents have lost parents to drug-related violence and to prolonged incarceration for non-violent offences, with significant implications for their mental health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The right to mental health 2017, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Research has shown the damaging mental health and social impact of adversities and trauma experienced throughout childhood. Toxic stress, abusive family and intimate relationships, the placement of young children in institutional care, bullying, sexual, physical and emotional child abuse and parental loss negatively affect brain development and the ability to form healthy relationships, all affecting the ability of children to fully realize their right to health as they transition into adulthood (see A/HRC/32/32, paras. 67-73, and A/70/213, para. 67).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- At least 200 million children under the age of 5 fail to reach their full potential. According to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, young children's earliest years are the foundation for their health and development across the life course. Their nutritional and health status, as well as the quality of their relationships and social interactions, have life-long implications for their development and health. Early childhood is the most effective and efficient time to ensure that all children develop their full potential and the returns on investment in early child development are substantial. Regrettably, children's right to development has thus far not received the same attention as their right to survival.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The present report focuses on the right to the highest attainable standard of health ("right to health") and its relationship to the right of the young child to survival and development. These rights are interconnected and indivisible. Their relationship has two key dimensions: (a) The right to survival and healthy development is central to the enjoyment of the right to physical and mental health throughout life; (b) The right to health in early childhood includes freedoms and entitlements that are not only essential to immediate survival and health, but also to the healthy development of the child and the adult s/he will become.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Health systems, including health-care services and preventive services, should offer, in cooperation with social, child protection, educational and other relevant services, a continuum of care for children and families. Health systems are central to the care of pregnant women, childbirth, postnatal care of the mother and child and the care of young children. Health systems are important not only in relation to specific biomedical interventions, but because they often constitute the only infrastructure that reaches young children, particularly those under 3 years of age, and can therefore initiate and foster health promotion and social service support to promote early child development and prevent risks. For example, health visits or growth monitoring sessions can provide an opportunity to incorporate other child development recommendations. The health system is therefore often in a good position to take a lead in providing integrated care for young children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Second, in accordance with their evolving capacities, young children, including infants, have a right to express their views freely in all matters affecting them and to have these views taken into account. Infants and very young children have particular forms of expression, which, because of their age, are sometimes non-verbal. Young children should be active participants in the promotion, protection and monitoring of their rights within the family, the community and society, in accordance with their evolving capacities. States must therefore ensure the necessary institutional arrangements for the participation of young children and their caregivers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Infants
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- States should also provide training and materials to sports organizations on the adoption of rights-based approaches to health in the sporting context. These should include information on protection against physical, sexual and psychological abuse, exploitation and violence, on protection against discrimination and on gender equality, on appropriate limits for intensive training, especially for children and young people, on protection against coercive/forced doping and medical procedures, and on other rights connected to the right to health and sport, such as young athletes' right to an education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph