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Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur calls upon the States to shift from the dominant market-oriented perspectives on access to medicines towards a right-to-health paradigm in promoting access to medicines. He emphasizes that access to affordable and quality medicines and medical care in the event of sickness, as well as the prevention, treatment and control of diseases, are central elements for the enjoyment of the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 71c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to ensuring affordability of medicines, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Monitor and regulate, if necessary, manufacturers' selling prices as well as distribution mark-ups in the supply chain, while ensuring incentives for wholesalers and retailers for sustainable distribution;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 71f
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to ensuring affordability of medicines, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Remove taxes on all medicines, especially essential medicines, and consider other revenue options for health, such as excise taxes on socially harmful goods such as tobacco, alcohol and junk foods;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Promote competitive policies across therapeutic markets to secure reductions in prices of medicines over tiered pricing to secure a greater government role in decision-making related to prices of medicines.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to ensuring availability of essential medicines, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Adopt a national essential medicines list and regularly update it by selecting essential medicines that are evidence-based and adequately reflect the national burden of disease, irrespective of cost or patent status, including through a transparent and participatory determination process;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 73b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to ensuring availability of essential medicines, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that access to essential medicines for treating mental health, drug dependence, sexual and reproductive health and palliative care is based purely on health needs and evidence and not restricted on account of extraneous non-health considerations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 73c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to ensuring availability of essential medicines, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that the list of National Essential Medicine is arrived at with participation of all stakeholders, including the affected communities, particularly the vulnerable groups.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 74a
- Paragraph text
- [With respect to efficient and transparent procurement and distribution systems, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Adopt scientific and evidence-based quantification of essential medicines, ensure competitive bidding, require stringent prequalification for suppliers, monitor delivery of medicines and formulate effective policies to address stock-outs;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 74b
- Paragraph text
- [With respect to efficient and transparent procurement and distribution systems, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Increase financial, technical and logistical support to strengthen distribution networks, maintain the quality of medicines in transport and storage and adopt distributor certification programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 75a
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to rational and appropriate use of medicines and their quality, safety and efficacy, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Develop and regularly update Standard Treatment Guidelines and ensure adequate training of prescribers as a part of continuing medical education policies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 75b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to rational and appropriate use of medicines and their quality, safety and efficacy, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Regulate pharmacies, including online pharmacies, and retailers to ensure appropriate dispensation of medicines;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 75c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to rational and appropriate use of medicines and their quality, safety and efficacy, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Prohibit unethical commercial marketing and promotion of medicines by pharmaceutical companies through legal accountability measures based on strict penalties and cancellation of manufacturing licences;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 75d
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to rational and appropriate use of medicines and their quality, safety and efficacy, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure transparency of data related to quality, safety and efficacy of medicines, including the mandatory publication of adverse data;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 75g
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to rational and appropriate use of medicines and their quality, safety and efficacy, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Avoid conflation of poor-quality medicines, a quality control issue, with counterfeit medicines, a trade issue.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Corruption has a devastating effect on good governance, the rule of law and equitable access to public goods and services. Corruption is a human rights concern and it has a particularly damaging effect on the enjoyment of the right to health. The health sector is especially prone to corruption, which threatens the sustainability of health-care systems worldwide.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The right to health offers a valuable normative framework and a legally binding imperative to address corruption in and beyond the health sector. The framework embraces the principles of good governance, transparency, accountability and participation. The right to health is closely related and dependent on other human rights, which are also important for combating corruption, including freedom of expression, which gives guarantees to whistle-blowers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- All forms of corruption at all levels have a negative impact on realization of the right to health. Many of these forms originate from power imbalances and asymmetries, which are widely prevalent in the health sector. Such asymmetries are perpetuated by non-transparent decision-making and reinforce ineffective and harmful policymaking and health services provision.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with their legal obligations under international human rights law, as well as high-level political commitments made in the Sustainable Development Goals to address corruption and develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions by 2030, States should provide leadership to confront the domestic and global causes of corruption and its impact on the right to health through legal, policy and programming measures in the health and related sectors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Applying a human rights-based approach to health and related policies and avoiding selective approaches to human rights and the production and use of evidence in the realization of the right to health are the most effective measures for combating corruption.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Progressively build resilient health systems, with a special focus on health promotion and primary care, so as to root out the problem of systemic incentives for corruption in health sector;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Raise awareness among the actors in the health sector, including health-care providers, insurers and the providers of medicines and medical equipment about the harmful effects of corruption on the right to health and insist on their responsibilities under the right to health;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Raise awareness among the general population about the negative impact of all forms of corruption in the health sector on individual and societal health and well-being. National human rights institutions can play a role in such awareness-raising and this may include the establishment of corruption-reporting hotlines;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Guarantee the right to participation of the population in all actions aimed at combating corruption in health, such as through the disclosure of important health-related information, as well as in the design and delivery of health programmes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87j
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Ensure monitoring and accountability in the health sector and related sectors through the establishment of well-resourced and independent anti-corruption and fraud agencies, as well as accessible and effective accountability procedures for health system users who encounter corrupt practices;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87k
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Ensure judicial and other forms of review of violations of anti-corruption legislation; and effective remedies where corruption leads to a violation of the right to health;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87l
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Address petty corruption by health professionals by guaranteeing decent living wages and working conditions, job security and reward for good performance and conduct;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87n
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Create awareness among health-care providers that preferential treatment of well-connected individuals is unethical and at odds with the main principles for realization of the right to health;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87q
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Create awareness among health system users of their rights as well as identifying and reporting corrupt acts;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 87r
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur urges States to:] Support initiatives that prevent excessive and unnecessary use of diagnostic and treatment interventions and involve users of services in shared decision-making with medical doctors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 88b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur also urges other relevant stakeholders to:] Address, through legal, policy and other measures, corrupt practices taking place in all stages of the pharmaceutical value chain, including during research and development, manufacturing, registration, distribution, procurement and marketing of medicines;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph