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Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- In many countries health is among the most corrupt sectors. Health sector corruption, including for example the bribing of health officials and unofficial payments to health-care providers, obstructs the ability of States to fulfil their right to health obligation and to guarantee available, accessible, acceptable and good quality health services, goods and facilities. Yet corruption affecting health also occurs in other sectors and industries, for example, the water sector, and the food and beverages, tobacco and other industries. Moreover, corruption has significant implications for equality and non-discrimination since it has a particularly marked impact on the health of populations in situations of vulnerability and social exclusion, in particular those living in poverty and children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Children
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The right to health gives rise to obligations that provide a framework for action for duty bearers, as well as a framework of reference for monitoring and accountability. The right to health is subject to progressive realization. This means that many aspects of the right to health do not have to be realized immediately; rather, States must take effective and targeted measures towards the progressive realization of the right to health. However, States also have some immediate obligations, including core obligations such as the equitable distribution of health facilities, goods and services; the provision of essential medicines; access to minimum essential food, basic shelter, safe and potable water and sanitation; and the adoption of a national health strategy and plan of action on the basis of epidemiological information. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has also highlighted that universal health coverage is a core obligation (see the Committee’s general comment No. 15 (2013) on the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health, para. 72). States must adopt and enforce legislative, regulatory and policy measures to ensure that corruption does not impede the fulfilment of their progressive and core obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Children
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- The right to sexual and reproductive health is an integral component of the right to health. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights emphasizes aspects of the right to sexual and reproductive health in article 12.2 (a). General Comment No. 14 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights states that the right to health includes measures to improve child and maternal health, sexual and reproductive health services, including access to family planning, prenatal and post-natal care, emergency obstetric services and access to information, as well as to resources necessary to act on that information (E/C.2/2000/4, para. 14). Moreover, it notes that women's right to health requires the removal of all barriers interfering with access to health services, education and information, including in the area of sexual and reproductive health (ibid., para. 21). The recommendations of the Committee have consistently supported that approach.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women requires States to take action to ensure that women are afforded broad equality in, inter alia, education, employment and access to health care. The Convention specifically provides for a proper understanding of maternity as a social function, access to family planning information, and the elimination of discrimination against women in marriage and family relations. Furthermore, article 16.1 (e) mandates that women be provided the same rights to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children and to have access to the information, education and means to enable them to exercise those rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- In certain jurisdictions, pregnant women have been prosecuted for various types of conduct during pregnancy. A number of prosecutions have occurred in relation to the use of illicit drugs by pregnant woman, including under pre-existing laws relating to child abuse, attempted murder, manslaughter and criminally negligent homicide. Criminal laws have also been used to prosecute women for other conduct, including alcohol use during pregnancy, the birth of stillborn babies or the miscarriage of a foetus (see A/HRC/17/26/Add.2, para. 68), failing to follow a doctor's orders, failing to refrain from sexual intercourse, and concealment of the birth.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Criminal laws and other legal restrictions that reduce or deny access to family planning goods and services, or certain modern contraceptive methods, such as emergency contraception, constitute a violation of the right to health. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women calls upon States to ensure access to specific educational information to help to ensure the health and well-being of families, including information and advice on family planning, as well as access to adequate health-care facilities, including information, counselling and services in family planning. In General Comment No. 14, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights calls upon States to take measures to "improve child and maternal health, sexual and reproductive health services, including access to family planning … and access to information, as well as to resources necessary to act on that information" (see E/C.12/2000/4, para. 14).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The obligation to ensure the equitable allocation of health facilities, goods and services for all persons without discrimination is a core obligation under the right to health. The right to access good quality health facilities, goods and services on a non-discriminatory basis, particularly for vulnerable or marginalized groups, including, among others, ethnic, racial, religious and sexual minority groups, women, children and the poor, constitutes an additional core obligation for States. In order to meet these core obligations under the right to health, States must ensure the equitable allocation of health funds and resources towards achieving universal access to good quality health facilities, goods and services, in accordance with the principle of non-discrimination and with special attention to the needs of vulnerable or marginalized populations. Inequitable allocation of health funds and resources may lead to indirect discrimination within health systems, particularly with respect to vulnerable or marginalized groups who often lack the social and political means to challenge the inequitable allocation of public resources (General Comment No. 14, para. 19).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The right to health approach requires the equitable allocation of health funds and resources towards achieving universal access to good quality health facilities, goods and services, in accordance with the principle of non-discrimination. In all allocative decisions, special attention must be paid to the needs of vulnerable or marginalized groups, including, among others, ethnic, racial, religious and sexual minority groups, women, children and the poor. Better overall health outcomes and more effective health systems result from eliminating inequalities in access to health facilities, goods and services. States should therefore allocate health funds and resources to ensure that good quality health facilities, goods and services are financially accessible for the poor, physically accessible for rural and remote populations, and responsive to primary health-care needs for all, rather than specialized care for the few.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Health financing in the context of the right to health 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- In order to achieve equitable health outcomes and full realization of the right to health, States must allocate health funds and resources towards ensuring that good quality health facilities, goods and services are available and easily accessible for rural and remote populations. Populations in rural and remote areas have poorer health than their urban counterparts globally. Many otherwise preventable and treatable illnesses are prevalent in rural and remote areas, infant and maternal mortality rates are higher than in urban areas, and children experience higher levels of malnutrition. Moreover, people in rural and remote areas often have to travel significant and difficult distances and spend large sums of money in order to access health care, which is often not available in their communities owing to a lack of investment in physical health infrastructure in rural and remote areas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Migrant worker’s right to health 2013, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- For women who carry a pregnancy to term in receiving States, difficulty accessing obstetric, pre- and post-natal and maternal health-care services and information may result in adverse health outcomes for both the woman and child, including premature birth, low birth weight, congenital malformation and perinatal, infant and maternal mortality. In contrast, it has been found that policies promoting social integration of the migrant community reduce unfavourable pregnancy-related outcomes for migrant women. Extending the 14-weeks maternity leave required under the Maternity Protection Convention or the maternity leave granted to nationals to women migrant workers would assist in making pregnancy-related health care and services accessible and in accordance with the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Occupational health 2012, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In many respects, women are particularly vulnerable to negative health impacts resulting from conditions of work. The majority of women who work are employed in the informal sector, particularly in the lowest paid, lowest skilled jobs, where they are more likely to be exposed to hazardous working conditions. Women are on average paid less than men for the same work, and are more likely to experience violence and harassment in the workplace. Further, many occupational exposures are hazardous to reproductive organs, having serious implications for the sexual and reproductive health of female workers. For example, women of childbearing age, as well as pregnant women working in agriculture, are exposed to highly hazardous pesticides that risk not only their health but also the health of their children. Children born with congenital disorders due to in utero exposure to toxic chemicals endure disabilities for life. These problems are compounded by the fact that work-related diseases affecting women are often underdiagnosed and undercompensated as compared to men.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The Millennium Development Goals were narrow in scope, focusing on economic and social issues in low-income nations. Health had particular prominence within the Millennium Development Goals, with three of the eight Goals focused on maternal health, child health and HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The Sustainable Development Goals are broader, covering the economic, social and environmental dimensions of development. They are universal, applying to rich and poor countries, and designed to be integrated, interlinked and cross-cutting. Importantly, the 2030 Agenda makes a broad commitment to "[ensuring] that no one is left behind" and "[reaching] the furthest behind first" with the aim of reducing inequalities within and among countries (Goal 10). This is reflected in a number of Sustainable Development Goals and resonates with the key human rights principles of non-discrimination and equality.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Health is central to the Sustainable Development Goals, as it is both an outcome of and a path to achieving poverty reduction and sustainable development. Progress in health is both dependent on and a consequence of progress towards other Goals. Goal 3 is a specific commitment to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages". Goal 3 is associated with nine targets, which include addressing child and maternal mortality and infectious and non-communicable diseases. The Special Rapporteur welcomes recognition of the emerging burden of non-communicable diseases, which represent the majority of deaths worldwide, with a disproportionate and devastating impact on the poor and marginalized. There are also cross-cutting, systems-oriented targets, including universal access to sexual and reproductive health care and universal health coverage.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Community empowerment initiatives working with poor and marginalized communities have achieved extraordinary health outcomes, for example in the global fight to end HIV/AIDS (target 3.3) (E/HLPF/2016/2, para. 107). Economic and social empowerment, such as the decriminalization of sex work and sex worker mobilization, have improved health and identified critical health gaps (Goals 3 and 5). Community mobilization to attain adequate and stable housing for homeless people living with HIV can have life-saving implications for their health (targets 3.3 and 11.1). Efforts to empower parents in vulnerable situations through participatory parental education initiatives reduce the risk of negative health outcomes for their children (Goal 3 and targets 4.2, 5.2 and 16.2). When young girls have access to education, child mortality rates and girls' long-term health improve (Goals 3, 4 and 5) (A/70/213, para. 9). Investments in such initiatives place the human rights principles of autonomy and participation at the centre of public health policy and are critical components of an open, inclusive and peaceful society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The fields of global health and human rights have, in recent years, developed accountability analysis and institutions, which can inspire accountability for the health-related Sustainable Development Goals and help to shape new arrangements. In 2011, the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women's and Children's Health, established to propose a framework to ensure that commitments made under the Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health (2010-2015) were met, proposed a tripartite model of accountability, composed of monitoring, review and remedial action. That model, derived from the human rights understanding of accountability, was subsequently taken up by the Secretary-General, including in the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health 2016-2030, which supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals related to women's, children's and adolescents' health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Universal health coverage has been called "a practical expression" of the right to health. It is indeed a core obligation under children's right to health. However, not all paths to universal health coverage are consistent with human rights requirements. Targets 3.7 and 3.8 do not make explicit commitments to confer priority to the poor and marginalized either in the process of expanding coverage or in developing priorities as to which services to provide. Without those clear commitments, there is a risk that universal health coverage efforts will entrench inequality. For example, in countries lacking strong health systems, Governments may pursue strategies that prioritize expansion to groups in privileged positions, such as those working in the formal sector, where infrastructure and opportunistic private or national insurance schemes are readily available. Likewise, countries with centralized and expansive health coverage might soon proclaim achievement of universal health coverage, even while some of their most vulnerable subgroups are left with health care that is abusive, coercive and/or of poor quality.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- Rights-compliant violence prevention strategies require a modern public health approach, leaving behind the ineffective and brutal legacy of retributive and punitive means to curb violence. These approaches point to an investment in healthy, non-violent and respectful interpersonal relations. This can include various psychosocial interventions, such as training of parents to raise children in non violent ways, anti-bullying programmes in schools, and empowerment of persons in vulnerable situations. Through these interventions, the resilience and protective factors in individuals, families and communities are harnessed and promoted.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 103s
- Paragraph text
- [As a matter of priority, the Special Rapporteur recommends that:] Member States comply with obligations under the right-to-health framework to address violence, using modern public health interventions, especially regarding children and adolescents, and to that end, adopt legal and policy measures to eliminate all forms of violence against children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report on expert consultation on access to medicines 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health encompasses access to medical services and the underlying determinants of health, such as water, sanitation, non-discrimination and equality. As access to medicines is an integral and fundamental part of the right to health, Governments and the international community as a whole have a responsibility to provide access to medicines for all. Yet massive inequalities remain in access to medicines around the world, as up to 2 billion people (or one third of the world's population) lack access to essential medicines. Most of them live in low- and middle-income countries, where the needs of persons living in poverty, women, children and undocumented migrants, as well as other marginalized and vulnerable groups who are often discriminated against in terms of access to medicines, are ignored or underestimated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- These laws represent an infringement of the right to health as outlined in article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant requires that State parties undertake to guarantee that the rights within the Covenant, including the right to health, are exercised without discrimination of any kind, including on the basis of "other status". This is further developed in general comment No. 14 (2000) of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which notes that the Covenant proscribes any discrimination in access to health care and underlying determinants of health, including on the grounds of sexual orientation (para. 18). The Committee also recognizes gender identity as a prohibited ground of discrimination. In its general comment No. 4 (2003), the Committee on the Rights of the Child also confirmed that "other status" extends to sexual orientation (para. 6). Such criminalization impedes the right to health, not only through discrimination, but by denying equal access to health services, as will be demonstrated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Some countries have enacted laws that criminalize mother-to-child transmission explicitly (see paragraph 54 above) or implicitly due to overly broad drafting of the law. Where the right to access to appropriate health services (such as comprehensive prevention of mother-to-child transmission services and safe breastfeeding alternatives) is not ensured, women are simply unable to take necessary precautions to prevent transmission, which could place them at risk of criminal liability. In 2008, only 45 per cent of pregnant women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and only 25 per cent in South and East Asia had access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- In Sierra Leone, a person infected with HIV (and aware of the fact) must "take all reasonable measures and precautions to prevent the transmission of HIV to others and in the case of pregnant women, the foetus", with criminal sanctions imposed for failure to do so. It is unclear what "all reasonable measures and precautions" in the case of prevention of mother-to-child transmission would include, and whether such standards are clearly articulated and understood by health-care providers and pregnant women themselves to ensure that an informed decision can be made. Given the complexity of guidance on the suitability of breastfeeding, decisions on infant feeding options involve a complex balancing of risks and benefits, and require that the mother be provided with accurate, comprehensible information. In this instance, the criminal law has the potential to punish women for the inadequacy of the government in providing appropriate services and education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination against those affected by HIV/AIDS is one of the manifestations of stigma. For those living with HIV, actual and feared discrimination acts as a barrier to HIV-specific health services, including testing, anti-retroviral therapy and services in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, in addition to broader health services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Conflicts pose immense challenges to the realization of the right to health. Some 1.5 billion people currently live in conflict-affected areas or fragile States, which face levels of child mortality and malnutrition twice as high as countries that are not affected by conflict, have poverty levels that are 21 per cent higher, and are furthest away from achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Conflict affects health not only through direct violence, but also through the breakdown of social structures and health systems, and lack of availability of underlying determinants of health. This leads to a high incidence of preventable and treatable conditions including malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia and malnutrition. These health effects often persist well after the end of active hostilities, and negatively impact health indicators for years thereafter. Addressing the right to health in conflict and post-conflict situations is therefore imperative to realizing the right to health for all.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The right to health framework comprises a range of socioeconomic aspects, termed as underlying determinants such as nutritious food, potable water, housing, a functioning health system and situations of violence and conflict. Conflict has negative repercussions on other underlying determinants, as it can result in a breakdown in systems and infrastructures, including health systems. Conflicts can also result in worsening public health conditions due to physical injuries, poor mental health, an increase in malnutrition, particularly among children, and outbreaks of communicable diseases.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- States should give particular attention to persons rendered vulnerable by conflict, such as women, children, older persons, people with disabilities and displaced communities. This requires States to address marginalization arising from social, political and economic exclusion; discrimination against persons belonging to or perceived to belong to a specific community; vulnerability due to ill-health; and conflict strategies that deliberately render certain communities vulnerable. These factors, individually or in combination, may expose certain groups to multiple vulnerabilities and an increased risk of violation of their right to health. Recognizing the diverse vulnerabilities in different communities and empowering them to participate in all decision-making processes that affect their health enable States to fulfil their obligation under the right to health during conflict and also promotes a sustainable recovery from conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The health needs of certain groups are often overlooked in conflict due to limited or suspended services. Older persons are more at risk in conflict due to poor mobility and are less able to travel to health facilities. They may be unable to carry heavy packages of food or containers of water, and often live without family support, which renders them vulnerable to higher levels of malnutrition and disease. Similarly, persons with disabilities, often abandoned by families fleeing conflict, may face greater health and safety risks. Many facilities are unable to provide children with disabilities with the treatment and care suited to their physical developmental needs, hampering their ability to enjoy their right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Children are particularly vulnerable in conflict due to poor hygiene and food insecurity. Malnutrition, in particular, undermines children's immunity and resistance to preventable and communicable diseases, such as diarrhoea or malaria. The breakdown of disease surveillance and vaccination systems also contributes to the vulnerability of children to ill-health and hinders their right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Right to health in conflict situations 2013, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Conflict may also have a devastating psychological impact on a child's well-being and development. Distressing experiences, abuse and chronic stress may increase the risk of trauma, particularly where children are separated from their families. Mental health needs of children may, however, be left unaddressed due to the unavailability of psychosocial services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- The present report focuses on the right to the highest attainable standard of health ("right to health") and its relationship to the right of the young child to survival and development. These rights are interconnected and indivisible. Their relationship has two key dimensions: (a) The right to survival and healthy development is central to the enjoyment of the right to physical and mental health throughout life; (b) The right to health in early childhood includes freedoms and entitlements that are not only essential to immediate survival and health, but also to the healthy development of the child and the adult s/he will become.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph