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The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Access to public services, such as health care, education, local police, social services, public housing, labour inspection and health and safety inspection, is key to ensuring that such services are able to perform their mission with the trust of all beneficiaries, including migrants, and that migrants do not fear detection, detention and deportation. Too frequently, immigration enforcement services enlist other public services as auxiliaries for the detection of undocumented migrants or gain access to their databases. Unless firewalls are established between public services and immigration enforcement, vulnerable migrants will never report human rights violations, and perpetrators will benefit from practical immunity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Migrants may be more vulnerable to poor health by virtue of their often low socioeconomic status, the sometimes harrowing process of migration and their vulnerability as non-nationals in the new country. The mental health of migrants is an issue of concern, with factors such as human rights violations before or during the migration process, social isolation caused by separation from family and social networks, job insecurity, difficult living conditions, detention and exploitative treatment potentially having adverse effects. Migrant women and girls often experience more problematic pregnancy and gynaecological health issues as compared with the host population. Those working in domestic services face widespread physical, sexual and psychological abuse and thus require urgent health care and protection. Access to health care for migrants and the level of such care, however, varies enormously, depending on State policies and the immigration status of the migrant.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The impact of prolonged detention, coupled with the frequently inhuman detention conditions (namely, overcrowding, unsanitary personal hygiene facilities and kitchens and insufficient access to health care, family members, lawyers, international or civil society organizations and physical and recreational activities), has a devastating effect on the physical and mental health of migrants. Long periods of immigration detention can also lead to sustained barriers to the ability of migrants to claim their economic and social rights, even after having been released.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Migrants, especially those with a precarious residence status, are vulnerable to abuse and labour exploitation. Certain categories of migrants, such as migrant women and children, temporary migrant workers and undocumented migrants are more intrinsically vulnerable to abuse, violence and exploitation. The physical, sexual and psychological abuse of female migrant domestic workers appears to be widespread, and they are often exposed to health and safety threats without being provided with adequate information and support. For most migrants, it can be very difficult or impossible to obtain meaningful access to an effective remedy for rights violations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. Indicator (b)
- Paragraph text
- [Ensure easy access for all migrants to basic services, including education and health] Increased proportion of migrants with equal access to adequate, affordable, accessible and quality health care, education and housing;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. Target 6.2.
- Paragraph text
- [Ensure easy access for all migrants to basic services, including education and health] Provide equal and equitable access for all migrants and members of their families to adequate, affordable, accessible and quality health care, including mental, sexual and reproductive health care, and to information and education, including on family planning
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. Indicator (c)
- Paragraph text
- [Ensure easy access for all migrants to basic services, including education and health] Access to universal health-care coverage, formal education, language training, vocational training and lifelong education, and cross-border recognition of skills and qualifications, thereby facilitating the social and economic integration of all migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- For children whose parents are migrant workers, being excluded from education and health systems in the destination country can have lasting consequences on physical and mental health and development. In its 2004 publication "Free trade and children", the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) sheds light on the situation of migrant children, in the context of CAFTA-DR, who are disproportionately at risk of poverty, family disintegration and malnutrition because of declines in the agricultural sector and rural employment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur stresses that development cannot be measured solely by economic gains but must also be evaluated against advancements in the social and cultural dialogue. Trade unions have been effective in facilitating the integration of migrants in countries of destination by fostering collective solidarity and establishing support networks. The European Trade Union Confederation established an online information resource and social network of trade union contact points for migrants across Europe (see www.unionmigrantnet.eu). In Canada, the United Food and Commercial Workers Union organized the Agricultural Worker Alliance, to establish 10 support centres across the country that aid migrant workers by: addressing abusive employers and hazardous workplace and housing conditions; assisting with medical treatment, workers compensation benefits and parental leave benefits; facilitating regularization processes; sponsoring courses on health and safety training and English as a second language; and providing scholarships to children of migrant workers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Additionally, there are human rights concerns relating to the impact of detention. Prolonged detention without a legal basis has been shown to have a devastating effect on the physical and mental health of migrants and asylum seekers, for example by contributing to post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression. This is frequently compounded by unacceptable conditions of detention, such as overcrowding, unsanitary toilet and shower facilities and unhygienic kitchens, as well as by scarce access to health care, family members, lawyers, international or civil society organizations, or physical and recreational activities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The boat trips themselves are perilous, involving very basic vessels that have limited navigation systems, are not seaworthy and often have insufficient amounts of food, water, fuel, first aid kits and life jackets. Boats are usually extremely overcrowded and sometimes contain more than double the recommended capacity. Once migrants have paid for the journeys, they are often forced to go ahead with their plans despite sometimes having second thoughts when seeing the vessels. Migrants have reported incidents of boats not having captains, with inexperienced migrants being required to navigate, as smugglers do not want to risk being caught by the authorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The working conditions of low wage migrant workers have been exemplified by a number of the Special Rapporteur's country visit reports and his report on labour exploitation to the Human Rights Council. The report following the Special Rapporteur's visit to Qatar in 2013, highlighted: the lack of a minimum wage within national legislation; the frequent non-payment of wages or irregular wage patterns; migrant workers living in overcrowded and materially challenging conditions; a lack of access to health-care services owing to the failure of employers to issue identity cards; concerning levels of workplace accidents and deaths; and migrants being forced to remain with employers, despite abuse, because of their refusal to legally release them under the kafala system.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Some instances of immigration detention in European Union member States are in contravention of international human rights law because such detention is defined in domestic law as not reasonable, necessary or proportionate, and because it is not decided on a case-by-case basis. Additionally, there are a number of human rights concerns relating to the impact of detention. Many migrants perceive their treatment as harsh and punitive, despite irregular migration not being in any way a criminal act. Prolonged detention without a clear basis has been shown to have a devastating effect on migrants' and asylum seekers' mental health, for example by contributing to post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression. This is frequently compounded by unacceptable detention conditions, such as unsanitary toilet and shower facilities and unhygienic kitchens. Plus, there is a lack of access to health care, as well as to physical and recreational activities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. Chapter V. A.
- Paragraph text
- [Integration of migrants in countries of destination] Ensure that migrants can, when in situations of difficulty, access government facilities such as housing and health services
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. Chapter V. A.
- Paragraph text
- [Integration of migrants in countries of destination] Create firewalls between government services, such as courts, labour inspectors or health-care services, and immigration enforcement, in order to empower migrants to access basic services without fear of deportation
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. Chapter V. B.
- Paragraph text
- [Recommendations to private sector organizations] Provide all migrant workers with a range of accommodation options, including those independent of employment arrangements and recruiters, food and access to health care, while working in countries of destination. Ensure that all workplace conditions are compliant with ILO standards
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Migrants report discrimination by their employers, on many grounds such as nationality, race and sex, with regard to, inter alia, remuneration, excessive overtime, opportunities for promotion, access to health care and unfair dismissals. Migrants are sometimes submitted to mandatory HIV testing, which is prohibited under the ILO HIV and AIDS recommendation, 2010 (No. 200). Migrants, both regular and irregular, are often employed under precarious and discriminatory conditions, with temporary contracts that do not entitle them to access social security services. They sometimes suffer verbal, physical and sexual abuse in the workplace.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- It is widely accepted that a healthy life is key to sustainable development. In the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, it is stated that health is a precondition for and an outcome and indicator of all three dimensions of sustainable development. The participants called for the full realization of the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and for all workers to be provided with the necessary social and health protections. Research shows that migrants are able to improve the health standards of their families and that those involved in temporary migration are able to share health-improving practices with their families and local communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The goal needs to ensure that all migrants and members of their families, irrespective of their status, have equal access to adequate, affordable, accessible and quality health care, including mental health care.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Under a target of ending AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases, health indicators should be designed to measure the effectiveness of prevention, treatment and support measures in favour of migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Lack of familiarity with local law and language difficulties frequently prevent migrants from being aware of specific hazards in their work. Occupational safety and health violations are a big concern, as migrants are often employed in high-risk hazardous sectors, including agriculture, construction, mining and different types of informal work. The Special Rapporteur has been made aware of high incidences of accidents and deaths among migrants in the construction sector. Health and safety programmes are sometimes under-resourced and not prioritized, and training sessions regarding occupational safety are routinely given in a language the migrants do not understand. Furthermore, migrants often lack familiarity with equipment, and undertake heavy physical labour for long hours, with poor access to health care. Migrants also frequently end up doing a different job than stated in the original contract. They then sometimes end up performing dangerous work, including operating heavy machinery, with little or no instructions or training, and without any safety equipment. Unreasonably long working hours and poor conditions render them even more vulnerable to accidents. Employers may also refuse or neglect to take the appropriate insurance coverage for their employees.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Some migrants find access to health services difficult, inter alia due to the distance and lack of transportation. If they are sick, they may still be required to work. Some cannot access subsidized health care because their employers do not provide them with identity cards. The Special Rapporteur has received information indicating that, as a result of the economic crisis, many migrants have lost their jobs, and thus their residency status, and as a consequence are denied access to the public health-care system to which they have been contributing.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The fact that a migrant is in an irregular situation does not deprive him/her of human rights protection. The human rights treaties, including the eight ILO Fundamental Conventions, apply to everyone, without discrimination. However, irregular migrants are frequently victims of labour exploitation. Due to their precarious situation, they often accept working for lower wages than regular migrants and nationals, and in dirty, difficult and dangerous conditions. Additionally, they regularly have difficult access to social services and health care, and live in constant fear of being detected, arrested, detained and deported, if they seek to improve their working conditions. Fear of drawing attention to their immigration status thus prevents many irregular migrants from organizing and from seeking protection from the authorities for their rights as workers, including in case of non-payment or late payment of their salaries, or implementation of health and safety regulations. Irregular migrants are also vulnerable to abuse and corruption. For instance, the Special Rapporteur has met with irregular migrants who reported having been detained and subsequently released when they paid the police a bribe.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Many migrants travelling to their countries of destination face desperate conditions, hidden or travelling in cramped boats or trucks, and may also face sexual and physical violence during the journey. Upon arrival in transit or destination countries, migrants receive little or no health care. In addition, they are often seen as the cause of diseases and undergo compulsory testing for some medical conditions such as HIV, a situation that violates their right to informed consent, is discriminatory and is counterproductive to improved public health because it encourages concealment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 60c
- Paragraph text
- [The goal should include a specific target on reducing barriers to universal access to health and ensuring a balanced distribution of the human and financial costs of care. Indicators can focus on:] Number of countries that have eliminated discriminatory practices and barriers, including detention or deportation on the basis of the health conditions of migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Provide adequate resources to relevant authorities for occupational safety and health. Ensure improved health and safety conditions in places that employ migrants, including through proper training and use of safety equipment, and ensure that injured migrant workers receive proper medical treatment and compensation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Migrants are often not able to enjoy their right to health fully owing to such factors as discrimination, language, cultural barriers or legal status. Migrants in an irregular situation, temporary migrant workers, migrant domestic workers and migrants in detention are among the most marginalized groups.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- A target on providing social protection to reduce the vulnerabilities of the poor, including marginalized groups, including migrants, is essential. Indicators could include the proportion of migrants with access to, and cross-border portability of, earned social benefits (e.g. pensions). Under article 9 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, States recognize the right of everyone to social security. In its general comment No. 19, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights defined the right to social security as encompassing "the right to access and maintain benefits, whether in cash or in kind, without discrimination in order to secure protection, inter alia, from (a) lack of work-related income caused by sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member; (b) unaffordable access to health care; (c) insufficient family support, particularly for children and adult dependents". It went on to say that "the right to social security includes the right not to be subject to arbitrary and unreasonable restrictions of existing social security coverage, whether obtained publicly or privately, as well as the right to equal enjoyment of adequate protection from social risks and contingencies".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- In its resolution 67/81, the General Assembly urged Governments, civil society organizations and international organizations to promote the inclusion of universal health coverage as an important element on the international development agenda and in the implementation of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, as a means of promoting sustained, inclusive and equitable growth, social cohesion and well-being of the population and achieving other milestones for social development, such as education, work income and household financial security. This concept should be implemented to ensure that marginalized groups, including migrants, are able to benefit from universal health coverage.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Factors which further contribute to exploitation of migrants in the workplace include (a) pressure to lower the cost of labour in highly competitive sectors; (b) the absence of effective implementation of labour and occupational health and safety standards; and (c) frequent lack of unionization. This concerns sectors where migrants are frequently concentrated, such as agriculture, construction, hospitality, care-giving, domestic work and informal work (such as street vendors). Migrants routinely work long hours, including overtime for which they are often not paid, and sometimes do not get their breaks or leave entitlements. They frequently report having been misinformed about labour conditions and benefits, and left without access to medical care and consular protection. A key contributing factor of their exploitation is their general fear of being identified, arrested, detained and deported for real or imagined reasons, and their consequent reluctance to risk complaining, protesting or publicly mobilizing, preferring very often to "move on".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph