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Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In the Special Rapporteur's view, criminalizing irregular migrants for the offence of being in a country without adequate documentation makes all migrants, regardless of immigration status, vulnerable to potential racist or xenophobic acts. Societies quickly distort the particular situations of migrants, and associate them with criminality, including organized crime, drug trafficking, robbery or even terrorism. As a result, migrants are prone to xenophobic outbreaks of abuse and violence, as evidenced by some of the alleged human rights violations brought to the attention of the Special Rapporteur over the past two years.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur wishes to stress that profiling of immigrant communities and their purported association with criminal activities clearly contrast with principles of human dignity and the prohibition of discrimination. Profiling also disproportionately affects migrant communities, making them a target of mass identity checks, raids on homes, businesses and religious sites in the absence of specific evidence. Information received by the Special Rapporteur indicates that in some instances law enforcement officials have been tasked with rounding up and deporting foreigners in order to meet nationally set targets. The Special Rapporteur has also been informed that these practices sometimes target individuals from specific nationalities because repatriation costs are lower to certain countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- From a due-process-of-law perspective, migrant profiling is highly detrimental as the very use of profiling defeats the presumption of innocence. The use of ethnic profiling, wittingly or not, contributes to a growing sense of marginalization of minority and immigrant communities, labelling entire racial, ethnic or religious groups as more likely to commit crimes and thereby signalling to the broader society that all members of that group constitute a threat. This is conducive to the creation of an environment of mistrust, ethnic or racial hatred, racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, which, in some instances, contributes to the alienation or segregation of entire migrant communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The enjoyment of human rights by migrants, regardless of immigration status, is a crucial means to ensure equitable human development and social development and justice for migrants. Migrants can play an active role in the social and economic development of host countries and contribute to the development of countries of origin and transit, particularly when their human rights are fulfilled in a manner that ensures equal opportunities and gender equality. Human rights, together with gender and age-sensitive strategies, should therefore feature prominently and systematically as an integral part of the overall strategy to achieve development in the context of migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Migration governance should be clearly human-centred, and grounded in human rights law, and it should therefore recognize the inherent dignity of every human being, promote equality and the prohibition of discrimination and fully incorporate the principle of equal opportunities and choices for all so that everyone, regardless of immigration status, can develop their own unique potential and have a chance to contribute to development and social progress. Ensuring that all migrants, regardless of their immigration status, enjoy their internationally recognized human rights at all stages of the migratory processes in countries of origin, transit and destination should be the guiding principle of migration governance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 75d
- Paragraph text
- [States should consider that irregular migrants are generally in a very vulnerable condition and that irregularity is due to several factors (including restrictive migration policies, social exclusion and marginalization as well as demand for labour in countries of destination). States should accordingly:] Promote multi-pronged and multi-stakeholder initiatives, preferably including civil society and migrants themselves (such as research, advocacy strategies, policy discussions, etc.) in order to examine the context-specific and human rights-based options to address irregular migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur encourages the establishment and implementation of institutionalized services and programmes to provide comprehensive support and protection to persons arriving in mixed migratory flows, especially women, children and the elderly, including means to detect those who are in need of international protection. Protection services should include access to humanitarian assistance in the first instance, including adequate food and water, and access to health services, legal advice and effective asylum procedures. Longer term needs should include access to durable solutions in the case of persons in need of international protection and support for return to the community of origin for those people who are deemed able to return with no risk to their human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- States should prohibit ethnic profiling of migrant communities as a form of discrimination.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 92a
- Paragraph text
- [Alternative measures should be systematically considered by States before resorting to immigration detention. States should ensure that the conditions and criteria to choose alternative measures do not discriminate in law or practice against particular groups of non-nationals, whether on the basis of their origin, economic situation, immigration or other status. These means also should be:] The least intrusive and restrictive in order to attain the same objectives of immigration-related detention, such as avoiding that migrants abscond and guaranteeing their presence in court or at administrative proceedings;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- States should enact and use a broad range of alternative measures. In developing such measures, States should draw on some of the existing practical alternatives already applied in some States. Alternative measures may include registration requirements; reporting or monitoring conditions; the deposit of a financial guarantee; or an obligation to stay at a designated address, an open centre or other special accommodation. Reporting requirements, where used, should not be unduly onerous, invasive or difficult to comply with. Bail, bond and surety should be made available to irregular migrants under conditions that are reasonable and realistic. The use of open centres, directed residence or special accommodation should be developed, with open centres preferred over more restrictive alternatives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- In particular, the Special Rapporteur wishes to take this opportunity to draw the attention of Member States to a number of reports he received on violations of migrants' rights to health and adequate housing. He emphasizes that the enjoyment of these rights by all individuals in society regardless of their citizenship, nationality and immigration status is not only an end in itself as a matter of entitlement, but also a crucial means to ensure equitable human development and social integration of migrants in host societies. Migrants can play an active role in the social and economic development of host countries, particularly when their fundamental rights, such as the rights to health and adequate housing, are fulfilled in a manner that ensures equal opportunities and gender equity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Various treaty bodies have expressed concerns that migrants and their families are often subject to discrimination in practice in the areas of employment, housing, health care and education. In the wake of the global economic crisis, discrimination and xenophobia have increased, as has the corresponding negative impact on the enjoyment of human rights by migrants. Increasingly, States have enacted restrictive measures which adversely affect the enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing, arguably as a means of deterring irregular migrants and promoting "voluntary" returns to countries of origin. Such laws discriminating against migrants or programmes and policies which fail to address the specific needs and vulnerabilities of migrants often make it difficult for migrants to obtain access to basic services or permit access only at levels that do not meet international human rights standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is also concerned about a general lack of comprehensive policies and measures aimed at protecting and promoting the rights to health and adequate housing for migrants. The absence of such policies and measures may give rise to violations of the States' obligation to take steps towards the full realization of these rights. For instance, newly-arrived migrants may face a variety of challenges in accessing health care or housing, given their limited command of the language of the host State and their lack of knowledge of the laws and systems in the host countries. The enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants would be effectively hampered in the absence of necessary support, such as the provision of language training or free information on relevant laws and regulations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The application of the right to health to migrants is guaranteed by the principle of non-discrimination provided, inter alia, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as in article 2, paragraph 2, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Further, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights expressly confirmed the States' obligation to ensure equal access to preventive, curative and palliative health services by all persons, including migrants regardless of legal status and documentation. Similarly, referring to article 5 (e) (iv) of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination recommended that States respect the right of non-citizens to health by, inter alia, refraining from denying or limiting their access to preventive, curative and palliative health services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The element of accessibility stipulates that health facilities, goods and services must be physically and economically accessible by all sections of the population, especially vulnerable or marginalized groups, without discrimination on any of the prohibited grounds. To that extent, the principle of non-discrimination constitutes an important starting point, although migrants are often discriminated against, in law and in practice, while attempting to gain access to health care. Many host countries justify restricting migrants' access to health care on the grounds of protecting their welfare systems from abusive claims and, increasingly, as a means of deterring migration. While this reasoning may look attractive and may be politically useful in host countries, several studies seriously question this premise and the desired deterrent effect of such measures.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- A number of reports indicate that migrants may be more vulnerable to poor health by virtue of their often low socio-economic status, the process of migration and their vulnerability as non-nationals in the new country. While studies in several countries that belong to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have found that migrants generally may be of good health or initially gain benefits in improved health conditions from migration, such benefits diminish over time, partly due to the exposure to the adverse working, housing and environmental conditions that often characterize low-income groups in industrial countries. Many migrants are often employed in the three "D" jobs (dirty, difficult and dangerous) in mostly informal and/or unregulated sectors with little respect for labour and other protection. Typically, such work is of intensive and temporary or seasonal nature, with significantly higher occupational hazards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The mental health of migrants is also an issue of concern, as factors such as social isolation caused by separation from family and social networks, job insecurity, difficult living conditions and exploitative treatment can have adverse affects. While better economic opportunities may result in positive effects on migrants' mental health, other reports indicate that migrants suffer a higher incidence of stress, anxiety and depression than residents. Further concerns are expressed about the mental health of migrants in detention, in particular with regard to the lack of access to mental health care and services, and inadequate allocation of resources to treat mental health ailments while in detention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The processes of migratory movement may also have a significant negative impact on the health of migrants before they arrive in the host country. The stricter restriction for entry to richer Northern countries has increased the use of clandestine, unofficial and dangerous entries. For instance, vulnerable groups of migrants, such as asylum-seekers, or victims of trafficking and people-smuggling, may have been exposed to sexual and gender-based violence, greater vulnerability to ill-health and may have had a diminished ability to exercise informed choices concerning their health in countries of origin or in transit. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the exposure to risk associated with population movements also raises migrants' vulnerability to psychosocial disorders, drug abuse, alcoholism and violence. In addition, limited access to health care during the transit and early insertion phases of migration increases the resultant burden of untreated conditions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Entitlements and access to health care for migrants and the level of such care vary enormously, depending on the State in focus as well as on immigration status. It may range from emergency care to expansive health coverage for all, including migrants in irregular situations. On one end of the spectrum, regular migrants satisfying certain conditions may have entitlements comparable to citizens of host States, although there may be differences between long-term and short-term migrants with regard to entitlements and access. On the other end, non-nationals may not be able to access life-saving medication, because facilities deny treatment on the basis of "being foreign" or not having a national identity document. What may exist between the two extremes is the payment for preventative and primary health care, including urgent or emergency care and free medical service on certain restricted grounds. Most countries, however, link access to non-emergency health care to migrants' immigration status.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- While States have developed different criteria for what constitutes emergency health care, this regrettably does not address the fundamental issue of not conditioning health care to a person's immigration status. In this regard, mere commitment to emergency care is unjustified not only from a human rights perspective, but also from a public health standpoint, as a failure to receive any type of preventive and primary care can create health risks for both migrants and their host community. Experts have suggested that given the relatively small proportion of migrants in irregular situations and their underutilization of services, providing them with access to preventive and primary care rather than with delayed emergency intervention may actually lower the costs of the health system. In this context, the Special Rapporteur stresses the critical importance of providing migrants with essential primary health care, given that migrants may often have to self-medicate and use health services at a later stage in the progression of their ailments than members of the host community.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Article 12 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women guarantees the right to access health-care services, including family planning services, on a basis of equality of men and women. This provision is particularly pertinent, as migrant women and girls face specific challenges in the field of health. They may be subject to sex- and gender-based discrimination, such as mandatory HIV/AIDS, pregnancy or other testing without their consent, as well as sexual and physical abuse by agents and escorts during transit. In host States, many female migrants are employed in relatively low-skilled jobs within the manufacturing, domestic service or entertainment sectors, often without legal status and little access to health services. They are often subject to exploitation and/or physical and sexual violence by their employers or clients. They may be particularly vulnerable to HIV and have few alternative employment opportunities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Female migrant workers engaged in domestic services are one of the most vulnerable groups of migrant workers. There appears to be a widespread pattern of physical, sexual and psychological abuses of migrant domestic workers, and they are also often exposed to health and safety threats without being provided with adequate information about risks and precautions. Further, their vulnerability is heightened by the lack of domestic legal mechanisms recognizing or protecting their rights. Consequently, they are often excluded from health insurance and other important social and labour protections. Given the lack of health care, they tend to seek care late.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- With regard to immigration detainees, the Special Rapporteur received reports of detainees being wilfully and maliciously denied proper medical treatment, to which they are entitled by legislation, while they are in the custody of the national authorities. This is particularly worrying with respect to children and women, as well as with respect to victims of torture. The denial of reproductive rights for those who have been sexually assaulted or the failure to provide adequate information on their reproductive choices in the event of pregnancy are breaches of the obligation of States to ensure equal access to health care.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The legal status of migrant parents may also affect access to health care by migrant children. While some migrant children may be citizens of the host country by virtue of jus soli, they may still face obstacles in accessing health care, in particular if their parents are migrants in irregular situations and therefore reluctant to seek health care for fear of their immigration status being detected. Similarly, many children in irregular situations are not enrolled in schemes for low-income migrant children that provide health care regardless of ability to pay, because their parents are reluctant to approach the social services for fear of being reported to the authorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also expresses particular concern about the administrative detention of migrant children and recalls his earlier pronouncements that the detention of migrant children should be a last resort. He notes with concern that children suffering from serious medical conditions as well as children with disabilities were routinely kept in detention despite guidelines stating clearly they should not be. The health concerns for migrant children in detention are further exacerbated by the provision of inadequate medical services and treatment. Further, there is a failure to properly diagnose the mental health of children as well as inadequate access to counselling and other assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The importance of ensuring the fulfilment of the right to adequate housing cannot be overemphasized, given its relationship to the realization of other fundamental human rights, such as the right to health. Clearly, the lack of adequate housing may trigger many health problems, such as poor nutrition, mental health problems and substance abuse, as well as illness caused by the lack of safe drinking water or sleeping rough. Despite the importance of this right, there still remains "a disturbingly large gap" between international human rights standards and the situation prevailing in many parts of the world, in particular with respect to migrant women and children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In analysing the challenges faced by migrants in the enjoyment of this right, it is important to note that the right to adequate housing is not a right to mere shelter, but the right to live in a safe, peaceful and dignified environment. Whether or not housing is adequate is contingent on a number of elements, including, inter alia, the security of tenure, affordability, accessibility, location and availability of services, facilities and infrastructure. In the context of migrants, the attention of the Special Rapporteur has been drawn to challenges in accessibility and the security of tenure, owing to migrants' vulnerable status as non-nationals.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- In practice, however, a variety of challenges remain to be tackled in fully realizing this element of the right to adequate housing. In the private housing market, discrimination often inhibits migrants' access to adequate housing. Discrimination may be direct in the sense that some housing advertisements may explicitly indicate that certain groups of individuals are not desired as tenants or state preferences for nationals with permanent jobs. There are also reports that individuals identified or perceived to be from certain ethnic and religious groups have been subjected to discrimination in the private rental housing market, particularly since the attacks of 11 September 2001.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Discrimination in housing may also result from poverty and economic marginalization. Migrants, who may experience marginalization in the labour market and often have difficulties in securing stable jobs with reasonable pay, are often relegated to a lower socio-economic status and may be subject to differential treatment by housing providers. The Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context has received testimonies from migrant workers who did not have access to quality housing and who were forced to live in informal dwellings, on construction sites or in overcrowded houses, or to rent beds by the hour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Enjoyment of the rights to health and adequate housing by migrants 2010, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Migrants may be subject to indirect discrimination in that certain criteria for accessing rental housing may have a disproportionate impact on them. For example, where landlords demand rental, credit or employment history records as part of applications for housing, newly-arrived migrants are at disadvantage as they do not have such records in the host State. The use of such criteria may constitute discrimination where they have a disproportionate impact on individuals on the grounds of citizenship or immigration status. In addition, newly-arrived migrants who do not speak the language of the host State may find it difficult to acquire information on the laws, contracts and other obligations relating to housing, as well as on governmental or community housing support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph