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Irregular migration and criminalization of migrants, protection of children in the migration process and the right to housing and health of migrants 2011, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Given the current gaps, the Special Rapporteur suggests that more attention be placed on identifying and discussing new frameworks for managing potential movements. Attention could be given to both aspects of the environment and migration nexus: (a) identifying adaptation strategies that enable people to remain where they currently live and work; (b) identifying resettlement strategies that protect people's lives and livelihoods when they are unable to remain; and (c) maintaining and reinforcing a human-rights based approach designed to protect the rights of migrants. Although most migration is likely to be internal, the potential scale of movements will necessitate coordinated action in support of the affected countries. International cooperation in mitigating harmful migration while planning for movements that will be an essential component of adaptation strategies will help ensure the protection of those who will be most affected by environmental change.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Irregular migration and criminalization of migrants, protection of children in the migration process and the right to housing and health of migrants 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also recalls that there are still wide gaps in the information available to policy makers. These gaps exist in content (how and when environmental changes become a primary driver of migration), scale and methodology (studies and methods for interdisciplinary analysis), and frameworks for appropriate migration management strategies. Little research capital has been invested in broad-scale environment-migration studies. The lack of statistically relevant data at the national or regional levels shows constraints in the design of policies that could build resilience and promote adaptation among vulnerable communities. Investing in the development of both short and long-term research, data collection, and monitoring projects could help close these gaps. Promoting inter-agency and interdisciplinary data collection and data sharing could strengthen the capability of Governments to observe and analyze migration patterns. Allowing researchers better access to official data could also enhance study results.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Beyond the work of OHCHR, the United Nations system as a whole is also increasingly focusing on the intersection of climate change and environmental policy and migration. The Global Migration Group, a collective of 18 United Nations agencies, the World Bank and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), was created in 2006 in recognition that migration is a complex and multidimensional issue that requires a coherent and coordinated approach from the international community (see http://www.globalmigrationgroup.org). The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as the Chair of the Global Migration Group in the second half of 2011, focused its statement on the relationship between climate change and migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Further difficulties in defining the climate-change-induced migrant are compounded by the fact that climate change may induce a range of migration patterns. Climate change may induce temporary, circular and permanent migration movements, which may be multidirectional, or episodic. Persons affected may move internally or internationally, spontaneously or in an organized and planned manner, and may range on a wide continuum between forced and voluntary migrations. Future predictions remain problematic: while research may suggest some ways in which climate change may affect migratory patterns, it is difficult to predict future movements accurately if only because of the decisive role of individual human agency, as migration is always also an individual trajectory and never simply a mass displacement. Moreover, the success, or lack thereof, of future mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the development of new technologies which may or may not ameliorate the situation of those most affected by the effects of climate change, are impossible to know. Furthermore, it is impossible to forecast the impact of future extreme environmental events, including their regularity or force.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Within societies, specific groups may be more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than others. Economically disadvantaged communities can be especially vulnerable, in particular those concentrated in high-risk areas, as those societies may be highly dependent on the environment for their livelihood. Other determinants play a key role, including personal characteristics such as age, gender, wealth or disability. Moreover, the Special Rapporteur recognizes that in general, people migrating through a lack of choice as a consequence of climate change are more likely to be moving in an irregular situation and are therefore more vulnerable to human rights violations through the course of their migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, civil and political rights must first, as a rule, be recognized by a State to "all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction without distinction" (art. 2). The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights further guarantees social, economic and cultural rights for all without discrimination. In this context, these Covenants ensure the applicability of fundamental rights for migrants, including the right to life, among other basic rights, including the right to an adequate standard of living and health. In particular, the Special Rapporteur notes that the well-established principles of non-discrimination established in both treaties may require States to develop specific policies and programmes, taking into account the particular circumstances and needs of climate-change-induced migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes further the obligation to provide humanitarian relief to persons affected by climate change. Such assistance should support environmentally induced migrants around the time of their displacement and may take different forms, either as an emergency response to a sudden disaster, or planned in advance to accompany steady movements of migrants or to assist resettlement. Humanitarian relief should aim at ensuring the most basic rights of environmentally induced migrants, be premised on human rights principles and pay due regard to the fundamental principles of non-discrimination, participation, empowerment and accountability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In the context of internal displacement, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement also provide a strong legal framework and restate relevant hard law, such as the Operational Guidelines on the Protection of Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur refers to the report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons (A/66/285), which analysed in detail the applicability of those principles in relation to climate-change-induced internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur further observes that, beyond those States affected by climate-change-induced migration, whether States of origin, transit or destination, all States have the international responsibility to protect the human rights of foreign populations whose State is unable to do so. Respecting the basic human rights of climate-change-induced migrants should be considered as a basic tenet of international cooperation, defined by the purposes of the United Nations in Article 1 (3) of the Charter. In this regard, the existing human rights legal framework provides important protections to migrants, including through the monitoring and standard-setting functions of human rights mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Thus, the phenomenon of climate-change-induced migration may require rethinking of the human rights categories afforded to migrants and the development of eventual protection mechanisms for persons on the move. The Special Rapporteur remains aware, however, that it may not necessarily be ideal to single out those migrants who move for environmental reasons. Over and above the aforementioned difficulties of proving causality, there are many other categories of vulnerable migrants who also need protection. Rather, the Special Rapporteur encourages the development of coherent policies regarding the rights of all migrants, which takes into account the myriad circumstances which lead people to migrate, including the need for human rights protections, in particular for those who are "induced" or "forced" to migrate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to strongly emphasize, however, that migration is first and foremost about human beings who are rights holders exercising their personal freedom to move and whose dignity can be defined by how much they are allowed to exercise options in defining their own future and that of their family, without being only constrained by status and circumstances. It is therefore crucial to facilitate mobility while effectively promoting and protecting the human rights of migrants within well-governed migration processes. Development is no longer defined only from an economic lens, given that sustainable development includes economic, environmental and social dimensions. All subjects of development, including migrants, should equally enjoy their human rights. Unfortunately, the reality is that many migrants continue to live and work in precarious and inequitable conditions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 96l
- Paragraph text
- [Indicators for such a target should include:] Reduction of the human cost of migration, including loss of lives and violations of human rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Many migrants move voluntarily in a safe and regular manner and live and work in conditions in which their labour and human rights are respected. In some circumstances, families are reunified. Others are forced to migrate as a result of push factors, including poverty, discrimination, violence, conflict, political upheaval and poor governance, and pull factors, including official or unacknowledged labour needs, as explained above, or for family reunification. Children are disproportionately represented among those forcibly displaced. In the context of natural disasters and climate change, migration is increasingly seen as an adaptation measure ensuring resilience through planned mobility. In the process of migration, many face exploitation, discrimination, abuse and other human rights violations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Although there is no one international human rights treaty designed to deal specifically with environmentally induced migrants, existing human rights law provides a range of situations that respond to their needs and rights. Indeed, human rights law already provides robust protection for migrants who are moving for multiple reasons. What is required, however, is a more concerted and concrete application of those norms to the situation of climate-change-induced migrants, and specific attention to the vulnerability of migrants in this particular context.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- In this context, States must collectively recognize that migration is part of the solution to global environmental challenges, and planned and facilitated migration policies are legitimate coping mechanisms that may ease individuals, groups and communities out of situations of vulnerability. Moreover, States should recognize that territorial sovereignty should never be a permanent obstacle to migration when it has been determined that international migration is an appropriate coping mechanism.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes that a striking feature of the contemporary debate on climate-change-induced migration is the absence of a voice from the climate-change-induced migrants themselves. In part, this comes from the lack of self-awareness: climate-change-induced migrants rarely consider themselves as such (and many of them have simply never heard about the notion). In part, this also comes from the general reluctance of migrants (especially if they are irregular or vulnerable migrants) to voice their concerns or to denounce the human rights violations that they suffer. It is highly desirable that States actively support the development and sustainability of organizations representing migrants and giving them a voice, including providing training and capacity-building at the local level. Only through such representation can the processes designed to elaborate policy options aimed at coping with climate-change-induced migration be inclusive and participatory, in that they involve affected populations as directly and as early as possible.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- While, in the climate change context, migration is generally considered as a failure of adaptation, it is often forgotten that migration may in fact be an important adaptation strategy. In this context, the Special Rapporteur wishes to emphasize that migration should be considered both a challenge and a solution to climate-change-induced displacement. Indeed, migration has been a traditional coping mechanism, widely used by populations around the world since time immemorial to adapt to changing environments. If properly managed, migration can therefore also be a solution to cope with climate change.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Examples abound in which migration has provided benefits to both countries of origin and countries of destination. Appropriate programmes of permanent or circular migration may enhance a community's resilience through diminishing pressure on local environmental resources and fostering development through remittances. This has traditionally been the case of agricultural workers. One has witnessed "reverse migration" movements, where the migrants of the previous generation return to the country of origin in order to create businesses, or training centres, in their field of acquired expertise. Despite potential contrarian effects, remittances may play another important role in the economy of many countries of origin: valued at more than three times the total amount of official development aid ($351 million in 2011), they can assist households to survive in the country of origin during difficult times, thus limiting migratory pressure by allowing economic opportunities to be created at home. Therefore, some degree of planned and proactive migration of individuals or groups may ultimately allow households and populations to remain in situ for longer.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Regional cooperation on climate-change-induced migration will be essential. With the support and assistance of international organizations and international financial institutions, and as part of a coherent and negotiated regional sustainable adaptation strategy, bilateral and multilateral agreements should facilitate specific regional climate-change-induced migration movements, in order to relieve the pressure on the States of origin and provide for orderly movements into States of destination. Such agreements should provide for the guarantee of the dignity and human rights of migrants, as provided for in international law, and include the active participation of local civil society organizations and international NGOs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Beyond the general norms of international human rights law, the Special Rapporteur observes that some of the definitional complexities around climate-change-induced migration are telling of the limitations of the current paradigm in which migration is largely framed within the context of international law. Political discourse has traditionally juxtaposed categories of the voluntary economic migrant - who is generally understood to be willingly migrating for economic reasons in search of a better life and whose migration is generally governed by the traditional rules based on territorial sovereignty - and asylum seekers and refugees - who are persons forced to migrate, fleeing persecution and deserving of international protection, including specific guarantees considered as exceptions to the "normal" regime governed by territorial sovereignty.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- One category of climate-change-induced migrants may be easier to position within the framework of refugee law - those for whom the direct impact of climate change triggers persecution and conflict, for example, as a result of tensions over resources, which exacerbate discrimination and human rights violations. Indeed, the security dimension of climate change has attracted increasing international attention during past years, and there is developing research that environmental disturbances may increase flows of refugees fleeing persecution. Such circumstances may allow for the application of international refugee law, as set out by the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Given the European Union's share of global resources and wealth of substantive normative standards, recent deaths at sea and other human rights issues have to be seen as the result of collective political will and policy choices. The suffering of so many and the tendency of migration to take place clandestinely is a symptom of systemic failings within the European Union border management system and a clear sign that the region is losing control of migration despite sustained investment in securing borders. These failings also cut deeper and speak to how the European Union responds to difference and diversity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The world can expect to experience profound changes in the natural and human environments over the next 50 years or so. Given the significant impacts of those environmental transformations, the Special Rapporteur notes that the effects of climate change will likely play a significant and increasingly determinative role in international migration. In this context, the Special Rapporteur decided to dedicate the thematic section of his report to the General Assembly to the impacts of climate change on migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), held in Brazil from 20 to 22 June 2012, also recognized the issue of migration as relevant in the context of environmental cooperation, and emphasis was put on the need for States to recognize the rights of migrants, in particular those in a vulnerable situation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is also aware that the ability to migrate is a function of mobility and resources. Yet, populations who experience the impacts of environmental change may see a negative impact on their resources. That is to say, migration opportunities may in fact be least available to those who are most vulnerable to climate change.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Many are still migrating to find decent work and a better or safer life. Some migrants voluntarily move, live and work in conditions in which their labour and human rights are respected or their family might be reunified. Others, however, are forced to migrate as a result of poverty, discrimination, violence, conflict, political upheaval or poor governance. In the context of natural disasters, migration is increasingly seen as an adaptation measure that develops resilience through planned mobility. During migration, many face exploitation, abuse and other human rights violations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- As migrants continue to die at sea, and large-scale suffering is experienced at each stage of migration, it is clear that the European Union does not control migration. This lack of control manifests itself in a number of different ways, raising a wide range of human rights concerns, many of which have persisted since 2013 and have gained increasing impetus and urgency over the past two years.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Irregular migration and criminalization of migrants, protection of children in the migration process and the right to housing and health of migrants 2011, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, some countries have established special policies that permit individuals whose countries have experienced natural disasters or other severe upheavals to remain at least temporarily without fear of deportation. The United States of America, for example, enacted legislation in 1990 to provide temporary protected status to persons "who are temporarily unable to safely return to their home country because of ongoing armed conflict, an environmental disaster, or other extraordinary and temporary conditions". New Zealand has a particular category in its resettlement quota for persons displaced environmentally from Pacific island States, called the "Pacific Access Category". Other countries provide exceptions to removal on an ad hoc basis for persons whose countries of origin have experienced significant disruption because of natural disasters. After the 2004 tsunami, several States suspended deportations of nationals from countries affected. Although the Special Rapporteur sees these examples as positive developments, each on an ad hoc case, there are no concrete examples of legislation or policies that address migration of persons from gradual climate changes that may destroy habitats or livelihoods in the future. For the most part, movements resulting from slow-onset climate change and other environmental hazards that limit economic opportunities are treated in the same manner as other economically motivated migration. Persons moving outside of existing labour and family migration categories are considered to be irregular migrants. In the absence of a strong humanitarian ground, exempting them from removal proceedings, these migrants will be subject to the regular systems in place for mandatory return to their home countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is also aware that vulnerability is not only determined by geographical, social or economic factors, but also may be the result of political circumstances. The commitment of States to developing appropriate policy responses, either in direct response to a natural disaster, or with regard to long-term planning to manage climate-change-induced migration may thus play a key role in the vulnerability of a particular community to the effects of climate change and their subsequent migration. The degree of a State's development also plays an important role regarding the ability of governments to cope with, mitigate and adapt to environmental change. However, even where appropriate strategies are put in place, the adequacy of highly visible adaptive responses cannot always be assumed. For example, investment in specific infrastructures may contribute to increasing numbers of people choosing to remain in vulnerable areas, where they may be at increased risk owing to unforeseeable consequences of future environmental change.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Irregular migration and criminalization of migrants, protection of children in the migration process and the right to housing and health of migrants 2011, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has proposed a few possible themes to be further developed and highlighted the relevance of these issues to the mandate, taking into account a human rights perspective. These two issues, migration in the context of climate change and political participation and civil rights of migrants, are gaining interest and momentum. Further discussion on these themes would allow the mandate to present innovative approaches to these aspects involving migration and they underscore the need for a human rights perspective in global discussions among stakeholders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph